Metadata Report for BODC Series Reference Number 1052431

Metadata Summary

Data Description
Data Category CTD or STD cast
Instrument Type CTD/STD cast
Instrument Mounting research vessel
Originating Country United Kingdom
Originator Dr Brian King
Originating Organization National Oceanography Centre, Southampton
Processing Status QC in progress
Project(s) Oceans 2025
Oceans 2025 Theme 10
Oceans 2025 Theme 10 SO10:WCO
Oceans 2025 Theme 10 SO6
 

Data Identifiers

Originator's Identifier CTD_JR195_991_2DB
BODC Series Reference 1052431
 

Time Co-ordinates(UT)
Start Time (yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm) 2009-11-18 21:26
End Time (yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm) 2009-11-18 22:07
Nominal Cycle Interval 2.0 decibars
 

Spatial Co-ordinates

Latitude 53.50710 S ( 53° 30.4' S )
Longitude 58.18140 W ( 58° 10.9' W )
Positional Uncertainty 0.0 to 0.01 n.miles
Minimum Sensor Depth 4.95 m
Maximum Sensor Depth 2277.86 m
Minimum Sensor Height 1.13 m
Maximum Sensor Height 2274.05 m
Sea Floor Depth 2279.0 m
Sensor Distribution Variable common depth - All sensors are grouped effectively at the same depth, but this depth varies significantly during the series
Sensor Depth Datum Instantaneous - Depth measured below water line or instantaneous water body surface
Sea Floor Depth Datum Instantaneous - Depth measured below water line or instantaneous water body surface
 

Parameters

No Parameters for BODC Reference Number = 1052431
 

Definition of Rank
  • Rank 1 is a one-dimensional parameter
  • Rank 2 is a two-dimensional parameter
  • Rank 0 is a one-dimensional parameter describing the second dimension of a two-dimensional parameter (e.g. bin depths for moored ADCP data)

Problem Reports

No Problem Report Found in the Database

Data Access Policy

Public domain data

These data have no specific confidentiality restrictions for users. However, users must acknowledge data sources as it is not ethical to publish data without proper attribution. Any publication or other output resulting from usage of the data should include an acknowledgment.

The recommended acknowledgment is

"This study uses data from the data source/organisation/programme, provided by the British Oceanographic Data Centre and funded by the funding body."

Narrative Documents

Sea-Bird Dissolved Oxygen Sensor SBE 43 and SBE 43F

The SBE 43 is a dissolved oxygen sensor designed for marine applications. It incorporates a high-performance Clark polarographic membrane with a pump that continuously plumbs water through it, preventing algal growth and the development of anoxic conditions when the sensor is taking measurements.

Two configurations are available: SBE 43 produces a voltage output and can be incorporated with any Sea-Bird CTD that accepts input from a 0-5 volt auxiliary sensor, while the SBE 43F produces a frequency output and can be integrated with an SBE 52-MP (Moored Profiler CTD) or used for OEM applications. The specifications below are common to both.

Specifications

Housing Plastic or titanium
Membrane

0.5 mil- fast response, typical for profile applications

1 mil- slower response, typical for moored applications
Depth rating

600 m (plastic) or 7000 m (titanium)

10500 m titanium housing available on request
Measurement range 120% of surface saturation
Initial accuracy 2% of saturation
Typical stability 0.5% per 1000 h

Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.

Instrument Description

CTD Unit and Auxillary Sensors

The CTD system used on cruise JR195 was the Sea-Bird 9 plus (Serial number 09P20391-0441), which was equipped with 24 12-litre Niskin bottles. The CTD was fitted with the following scientific sensors:

Sensor Model Serial Number Last calibration date Comments
Pressure Paroscientific Digiquartz 410K-105 75429 18th July 2007 -
Primary Conductivity SBE-04 3488 22nd April 2008 -
Secondary Conductivity SBE-04 3491 22nd April 2008 The sensor developed an offset during cast 25. See the cruise report for further information.
Primary Temperature SBE-03 5042 12th April 2008 -
Secondary Temperature SBE-03 5043 9th April 2008 -
Oxygen SBE-43 0245 12th June 2007 -
Fluorometer Chelsea Aquatracka MkIII 088 249 13th September 2007 -
Transmissometer WETLabs 25cm pathlength C-Star CST-396DR 23rd August 2007 -
PAR Biospherical Instruments QCD-905L4S 7274 1st December 2009 -
Altimeter Tri-tech PA200/20-6K8 2130.27001 31st July 2006 -

The instrument setup was consistent for all casts with no changes of instrumentation.

Sea-Bird Electronics SBE 911 and SBE 917 series CTD profilers

The SBE 911 and SBE 917 series of conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) units are used to collect hydrographic profiles, including temperature, conductivity and pressure as standard. Each profiler consists of an underwater unit and deck unit or SEARAM. Auxiliary sensors, such as fluorometers, dissolved oxygen sensors and transmissometers, and carousel water samplers are commonly added to the underwater unit.

Underwater unit

The CTD underwater unit (SBE 9 or SBE 9 plus) comprises a protective cage (usually with a carousel water sampler), including a main pressure housing containing power supplies, acquisition electronics, telemetry circuitry, and a suite of modular sensors. The original SBE 9 incorporated Sea-Bird's standard modular SBE 3 temperature sensor and SBE 4 conductivity sensor, and a Paroscientific Digiquartz pressure sensor. The conductivity cell was connected to a pump-fed plastic tubing circuit that could include auxiliary sensors. Each SBE 9 unit was custom built to individual specification. The SBE 9 was replaced in 1997 by an off-the-shelf version, termed the SBE 9 plus, that incorporated the SBE 3 plus (or SBE 3P) temperature sensor, SBE 4C conductivity sensor and a Paroscientific Digiquartz pressure sensor. Sensors could be connected to a pump-fed plastic tubing circuit or stand-alone.

Temperature, conductivity and pressure sensors

The conductivity, temperature, and pressure sensors supplied with Sea-Bird CTD systems have outputs in the form of variable frequencies, which are measured using high-speed parallel counters. The resulting count totals are converted to numeric representations of the original frequencies, which bear a direct relationship to temperature, conductivity or pressure. Sampling frequencies for these sensors are typically set at 24 Hz.

The temperature sensing element is a glass-coated thermistor bead, pressure-protected inside a stainless steel tube, while the conductivity sensing element is a cylindrical, flow-through, borosilicate glass cell with three internal platinum electrodes. Thermistor resistance or conductivity cell resistance, respectively, is the controlling element in an optimized Wien Bridge oscillator circuit, which produces a frequency output that can be converted to a temperature or conductivity reading. These sensors are available with depth ratings of 6800 m (aluminium housing) or 10500 m (titanium housing). The Paroscientific Digiquartz pressure sensor comprises a quartz crystal resonator that responds to pressure-induced stress, and temperature is measured for thermal compensation of the calculated pressure.

Additional sensors

Optional sensors for dissolved oxygen, pH, light transmission, fluorescence and others do not require the very high levels of resolution needed in the primary CTD channels, nor do these sensors generally offer variable frequency outputs. Accordingly, signals from the auxiliary sensors are acquired using a conventional voltage-input multiplexed A/D converter (optional). Some Sea-Bird CTDs use a strain gauge pressure sensor (Senso-Metrics) in which case their pressure output data is in the same form as that from the auxiliary sensors as described above.

Deck unit or SEARAM

Each underwater unit is connected to a power supply and data logging system: the SBE 11 (or SBE 11 plus) deck unit allows real-time interfacing between the deck and the underwater unit via a conductive wire, while the submersible SBE 17 (or SBE 17 plus) SEARAM plugs directly into the underwater unit and data are downloaded on recovery of the CTD. The combination of SBE 9 and SBE 17 or SBE 11 are termed SBE 917 or SBE 911, respectively, while the combinations of SBE 9 plus and SBE 17 plus or SBE 11 plus are termed SBE 917 plus or SBE 911 plus.

Specifications

Specifications for the SBE 9 plus underwater unit are listed below:

Parameter Range Initial accuracy Resolution at 24 Hz Response time
Temperature -5 to 35°C 0.001°C 0.0002°C 0.065 sec
Conductivity 0 to 7 S m-1 0.0003 S m-1 0.00004 S m-1 0.065 sec (pumped)
Pressure 0 to full scale (1400, 2000, 4200, 6800 or 10500 m) 0.015% of full scale 0.001% of full scale 0.015 sec

Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.

Chelsea Technologies Group Aquatracka MKIII fluorometer

The Chelsea Technologies Group Aquatracka MKIII is a logarithmic response fluorometer. Filters are available to enable the instrument to measure chlorophyll, rhodamine, fluorescein and turbidity.

It uses a pulsed (5.5 Hz) xenon light source discharging along two signal paths to eliminate variations in the flashlamp intensity. The reference path measures the intensity of the light source whilst the signal path measures the intensity of the light emitted from the specimen under test. The reference signal and the emitted light signals are then applied to a ratiometric circuit. In this circuit, the ratio of returned signal to reference signal is computed and scaled logarithmically to achieve a wide dynamic range. The logarithmic conversion accuracy is maintained at better than one percent of the reading over the full output range of the instrument.

Two variants of the instrument are available, both manufactured in titanium, capable of operating in depths from shallow water down to 2000 m and 6000 m respectively. The optical characteristics of the instrument in its different detection modes are visible below:

Excitation Chlorophyll a Rhodamine Fluorescein Turbidity
Wavelength (nm) 430 500 485 440*
Bandwidth (nm) 105 70 22 80*
Emission Chlorophyll a Rhodamine Fluorescein Turbidity
Wavelength (nm) 685 590 530 440*
Bandwidth (nm) 30 45 30 80*

* The wavelengths for the turbidity filters are customer selectable but must be in the range 400 to 700 nm. The same wavelength is used in the excitation path and the emission path.

The instrument measures chlorophyll a, rhodamine and fluorescein with a concentration range of 0.01 µg l-1 to 100 µg l-1. The concentration range for turbidity is 0.01 to 100 FTU (other wavelengths are available on request).

The instrument accuracy is ± 0.02 µg l-1 (or ± 3% of the reading, whichever is greater) for chlorophyll a, rhodamine and fluorescein. The accuracy for turbidity, over a 0 - 10 FTU range, is ± 0.02 FTU (or ± 3% of the reading, whichever is greater).

Further details are available from the Aquatracka MKIII specification sheet.

Tritech Digital Precision Altimeter PA200

This altimeter is a sonar ranging device that gives the height above the sea bed when mounted vertically. When mounted in any other attitude the sensor provides a subsea distance. It can be configured to operate on its own or under control from an external unit and can be supplied with simultaneous analogue and digital outputs, allowing them to interface to PC devices, data loggers, telemetry systems and multiplexers.

These instruments can be supplied with different housings, stainless steel, plastic and aluminum, which will limit the depth rating. There are three models available: the PA200-20S, PA200-10L and the PA500-6S, whose transducer options differ slightly.

Specifications

Transducer options PA200-20S P200-10L PA500-6S
Frequency (kHz) 200 200 500
Beamwidth (°) 20 Conical 10 included conical beam 6 Conical
Operating range

1 to 100 m

0.7 to 50 m

 -

0.3 to 50 m

0.1 to 10 m

Common specifications are presented below

Digital resolution 1 mm
Analogue resolution 0.25% of range
Depth rating 700 , 2000, 4000 and 6800 m
Operating temperature -10 to 40°C

Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.

WETLabs C-Star transmissometer

This instrument is designed to measure beam transmittance by submersion or with an optional flow tube for pumped applications. It can be used in profiles, moorings or as part of an underway system.

Two models are available, a 25 cm pathlength, which can be built in aluminum or co-polymer, and a 10 cm pathlength with a plastic housing. Both have an analog output, but a digital model is also available.

This instrument has been updated to provide a high resolution RS232 data output, while maintaining the same design and characteristics.

Specifications

Pathlength 10 or 25 cm
Wavelength 370, 470, 530 or 660 nm
Bandwidth

~ 20 nm for wavelengths of 470, 530 and 660 nm

~ 10 to 12 nm for a wavelength of 370 nm
Temperature error 0.02 % full scale °C-1
Temperature range 0 to 30°C
Rated depth

600 m (plastic housing)

6000 m (aluminum housing)

Further details are available in the manufacturer's specification sheet or user guide.

BODC Processing

The data were supplied to BODC in 33 MStar files and converted to the BODC internal format (QXF).

During transfer the originator's variables were mapped to unique BODC parameter codes. The following table shows the parameter mapping.

Originator's variable Units Description BODC Code Units Comments
scan - Scan number for CTD - - Not transferred - will be superseded in BODC processing
time - Time - - Not transferred - will be superseded in BODC processing
press decibars Pressure (spatial co-ordinate) exerted by the water body by profiling pressure sensor and corrected to read zero at sea level. PRESPR01 decibars -
pressure_temp degC
(ITS-90)		 Pressure sensor electronics temperature - degC
(ITS-90)		 Not transferred - not an environmental variable
temp degC
(ITS-90)		 Temperature of the water body by CTD and NO verification against independent measurements TEMPCU01 degC
(ITS-90)		 -
temp2 degC
(ITS-90)		 Temperature of the water body by CTD and NO verification against independent measurements TEMPCU02 degC
(ITS-90)		 -
cond mS/cm Electrical conductivity of the water body by in-situ conductivity cell and calibration against independent measurements CNCLCCI1 Siemens per metre cond divided by 10
cond2 mS/cm Electrical conductivity of the water body by in-situ conductivity cell and calibration against independent measurements CNCLCCI2 Siemens per metre cond2 divided by 10
altimeter metres Height above bed in the water body AHSFZZ01 metres -
oxygen ml/l Concentration of oxygen {O2} per unit volume of the water body [dissolved phase] by Sea-Bird 43 sensor and no calibration against sample data DOXYSU01 Micromoles per litre * 44.66
fluor ug/l Concentration of chlorophyll-a {chl-a} per unit volume of the water body [particulate phase] by in-situ chlorophyll fluorometer and manufacturer's calibration applied CPHLPM01 mg/m3 ug/l=mg/m3
psal pss-78 Practical salinity of the water body by CTD and computation using UNESCO 1983 algorithm and calibration against independent measurements PSALCC01 pss-78 -
psal2 pss-78 Practical salinity of the water body by CTD and computation using UNESCO 1983 algorithm and calibration against independent measurements PSALCC02 pss-78 -
depth metres Depth below surface (sampling event start) of the water body by profiling pressure sensor and conversion to depth using unspecified algorithm. Kept for screening purposes DEPHPRST metres -
potemp degC
(ITS-90)		 Potential Temperature - - Not transferred - can be calculated from pressure, salinity and temperature
potemp2 degC
(ITS-90)		 Potential Temperature - - Not transferred - can be calculated from pressure, salinity and temperature

The data originators did not supply the PAR data.

Following transfer the data were screened using BODC in-house visualisation software. Suspect data values were assigned the appropriate BODC data quality flag. Missing data values were changed to the missing data value and assigned a BODC data quality flag.

Originator's Data Processing

Sampling strategy

A Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) unit was used on JR195 to produce vertical profiles of the temperature and salinity of the water column. Two test stations, one shallow and one deep were carried out before starting the Drake Passage Transect. Twenty nine stations were occupied across the Drake Passage SR1b transect, and two final stations were carried out at the end of the "24hour" Vertical Microstructure Profiler (VPM) station.

Data Acquisition and Initial Processing

The CTD data were logged via the deck unit to a 1.4 GHz P4 PC, running Seasave Win32 version 5.30b (Sea-Bird Electronics Inc.).

The processed data, together with the raw Sea-Bird, configuration and bottle files, were supplied to BODC for banking.

Further information on the processing can be found in the cruise report.

Project Information

Oceans 2025 - The NERC Marine Centres' Strategic Research Programme 2007-2012

Who funds the programme?

The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) funds the Oceans 2025 programme, which was originally planned in the context of NERC's 2002-2007 strategy and later realigned to NERC's subsequent strategy (Next Generation Science for Planet Earth; NERC 2007).

Who is involved in the programme?

The Oceans 2025 programme was designed by and is to be implemented through seven leading UK marine centres. The marine centres work together in coordination and are also supported by cooperation and input from government bodies, universities and other partners. The seven marine centres are:

Oceans2025 provides funding to three national marine facilities, which provide services to the wider UK marine community, in addition to the Oceans 2025 community. These facilities are:

The NERC-run Strategic Ocean Funding Initiative (SOFI) provides additional support to the programme by funding additional research projects and studentships that closely complement the Oceans 2025 programme, primarily through universities.

What is the programme about?

Oceans 2025 sets out to address some key challenges that face the UK as a result of a changing marine environment. The research funded through the programme sets out to increase understanding of the size, nature and impacts of these changes, with the aim to:

In order to address these aims there are nine science themes supported by the Oceans 2025 programme:

In the original programme proposal there was a theme on health and human impacts (Theme 7). The elements of this Theme have subsequently been included in Themes 3 and 9.

When is the programme active?

The programme started in April 2007 with funding for 5 years.

Brief summary of the programme fieldwork/data

Programme fieldwork and data collection are to be achieved through:

The data is to be fed into models for validation and future projections. Greater detail can be found in the Theme documents.

Oceans 2025 Theme 10

Oceans 2025 is a strategic marine science programme, bringing marine researchers together to increase people's knowledge of the marine environment so that they are better able to protect it for future generations.

Theme 10: Integration of Sustained Observations in the Marine Environment spans all marine domains from the sea-shore to the global ocean, providing data and knowledge on a wide range of ecosystem properties and processes (from ocean circulation to biodiversity) that are critical to understanding Earth system behaviour and identifying change. They have been developed not merely to provide long-term data sets, but to capture extreme or episodic events, and play a key role in the initialisation and validation of models. Many of these SOs will be integrated into the newly developing UK Marine Monitoring Strategy - evolving from the Defra reports Safeguarding our Seas (2002) and Charting Progress (2005), thus contributing to the underpinning knowledge for national marine stewardship. They will also contribute to the UK GOOS Strategic Plan (IACMST, 2006) and the Global Marine Assessment.

Weblink: http://www.oceans2025.org/

Oceans 2025 Theme 10, Sustained Observation Activity 10: The Western Channel Observatory (WCO)

The Western Channel Observatory will study the regional effects of ecosystem variability in the Western English Channel, in the context of global climate change. There is a long history of in situ observation at several sites (by the MBA for over 100 years and PML since the 1980s) that have been brought together to form the basis of the Western Channel Observatory; these observations include hydrography, nutrients, phytoplankton, zooplankton, demersal and pelagic fish and benthic measurements. It is upon these long-term time series that the WCO aims to continue building in order to investigate the current state of the ecosystem, how the ecosystem has changed and how the interactions of climate and fishing affect the ecosystem? The WCO provides an opportunity to combine modelling and Earth Observation infrastructure along with in situ data collection to demonstrate and validate short term forecasts of coastal phytoplankton and nutrient dynamics, as well as develop, calibrate and validate Earth Observation algorithms for bio-optical data.

The specific objectives are:

The work of the observatory will link to other parts of Theme 10 through the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) routes that cover the Western English Channel (SO15) and by relevant ship-of-opportunity transects (SO8).

More detailed information on this Work Package is available at pages 28 - 31 of the official Oceans 2025 Theme 10 document: Oceans 2025 Theme 10

Weblink: http://www.oceans2025.org/

Oceans 2025 Theme 10, Sustained Observation Activity 6: Antarctic Circumpolar Current: Transport and Properties

Sustained Observation Activity (SO) 6 continues measurements started in 1993 of the transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) in the Drake Passage, a strategic choke point for the global ocean circulation which impacts on the North Atlantic and the Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC).

This SO contains two elements. SO 6.1. relates to the hydrographic sections and is supported by the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton (NOCS). SO 6.2. concerns bottom pressure recorders and is supported by the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory (POL).

Aims and purpose of SO 6.1.

Aims and purpose of SO 6.2.

More detailed information on this Work Package is available at pages 18 - 21 of the official Oceans 2025 Theme 10 document: Oceans 2025 Theme 10

Weblink: http://www.oceans2025.org/

Data Activity or Cruise Information

Cruise

Cruise Name JR20091118 (JR195, JR198)
Departure Date 2009-11-18
Arrival Date 2009-11-29
Principal Scientist(s) Margaret J Yelland (National Oceanography Centre, Southampton)
Ship RRS James Clark Ross

Complete Cruise Metadata Report is available here

Fixed Station Information

Fixed Station Information

Station NameDrake Passage - WOCE SR1b
CategoryOffshore route/traverse

World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) Southern Repeat Section 1B - Falkland Islands to Elephant Island

WOCE Southern Repeat Section 1B is a section across Drake Passage in the South Atlantic Ocean. The nominal end points of the section (to date) are at 52° 55.74' S, 58° 00.00' W (at the south of the Falkland Islands) and 61° 03.05' S, 54° 33.10' W (off Elephant Island at the north end of the Antarctic Peninsula).

The section was first occupied by the R/V Polarstern in 1992 (Gersonde, 1993). The first UK occupation of SR1b followed on RRS Discovery later the same year. The National Oceanography Centre, Southampton (formerly known as Southampton Oceanography Centre), in collaboration with the British Antarctic Survey, have occupied the section most years since 1993 on the RRS James Clark Ross. Additionally, there were three Spanish occupations on R/V Hespérides in February 1995, 1996 and 1998 (Garcia et al., 2002).

A table of UK SR1b cruises is presented below with links to the relevant cruise reports.

Cruise Start Date End Date
RRS Discovery D198 11-11-1992 17-12-1992
RRS James Clark Ross JR0a 20-11-1993 18-12-1993
RRS James Clark Ross JR0b 13-11-1994 30-11-1994
RRS James Clark Ross JR16 13-11-1996 07-12-1996
RRS James Clark Ross JR27 17-12-1997 08-01-1998
RRS James Clark Ross JR47 13-01-2000 17-02-2000
RRS James Clark Ross JR55 21-11-2000 14-12-2000
RRS James Clark Ross JR67 19-11-2001 17-12-2001
RRS James Clark Ross JR81 18-12-2002 02-01-2003
RRS James Clark Ross JR94 28-11-2003 16-12-2003
RRS James Clark Ross JR115 01-12-2004 19-12-2004
RRS James Clark Ross JR139 05-12-2005 12-12-2005
RRS James Clark Ross JR163 06-12-2006 15-12-2006
RRS James Clark Ross JR193 29-11-2007 08-12-2007
RRS James Cook JC031 03-02-2009 03-03-2009

References

García, M. A., I. Bladé, A. Cruzado, Z. Velásquez, H. García, J. Puigdefàbregas and J. Sospedra, 2002: Observed variability of water properties and transports on the World Ocean Circulation Experiment SR1b section across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. J. Geophys. Res. 107 (C10) 3162, 10.1029/2000JC000277.

Gersonde, R., 1993: The Expedition Antarktis X/5 of RV Polarstern in 1992. Berichte zur Polarforschung, 131, 167 pp.

Other Series linked to this Fixed Station - 1011935 1012011 1012059 1012176 1012256 1012324 1012404 1077368 1077448 1077541 1009513 1009537 1009574 1009630 1009666 1009783 1052105 1016626 1016731 1016779 1016792 1052222 1052258 1089369 1088888 1089112 1089136 1089357 1016245 1016337 1016398 734342 734422 734502 734514 734575 734618 734667 734680 739205 739322 739402 739426 739463 739475 739518 744035 703607 703619 945237 945354 945483 912698 912858 912963 913616 913628 936314 936338 936375 936431 936560 1012035 1012207 1012244 1012300 1012312 1012348 1012385 1009605 1009642 1052117 1052154 1052178 1052191 1016706 1016755 1052399 1088852 1088864 1088968 1089185 1089290 1016208 1016257 1016270 1016313 1016430 734458 734563 734631 734692 739832 739948 740071 739217 739254 739310 739487 739499 739506 739543 743843 743867 743923 743996 744115 945194 945201 945286 945329 945342 912601 912717 912730 912914 913493 913500 913524 913604 913641 913677 913690 913721 913733 913801 913825 936351 936523 936535 936572 936652 936664 1011923 1012164 1012336 1077461 1077485 1077589 1077621 1077645 1022029 1009549 1009550 1009586 1009746 1009771 1052130 1016510 1016583 1016602 1052363 1052375 1089370 1089394 1088827 1089007 1089124 1089161 1089321 1016301 1016454 1016466 739844 739893 739985 739186 739198 739346 739438 743935 743960 744084 703379 703392 703459 703460 703472 703484 703539 703540 945298 945330 945422 945495 912637 912649 912883 913597 913782 913837 936302 936363 936443 936479 936584 1011892 1011947 1012103 1012127 1012140 1012152 1012428 1077504 1077657 1022042 1009562 1009598 1009654 1009709 1009802 1009814 1052166 1016491 1016522 1016546 1088907 1088944 1088956 1088981 1089056 1089204 1089228 1089308 1089333 1016177 1016221 1016282 1016362 1016429 734410 739820 739881 739900 739961 739973 740095 739309 739334 739371 739383 739395 739451 743880 743947 703299 703306 703423 703496 703515 945182 945305 945366 945502 912686 912742 912834 913512 913689 913745 913770 936399 936559 936615 1011911 1011972 1011984 1012023 1012084 1012096 1012268 1012397 1012453 1012477 1077393 1077400 1077669 1009525 1016614 1016651 1052271 1052283 1052314 1052326 1052338 1052406 1089382 1088993 1089068 1089081 1089197 1016189 1016233 1016269 1016294 1016325 1016417 734378 734434 734483 734538 734606 739788 739912 739936 739997 740022 740046 740102 740114 739174 739230 739242 743831 743855 743911 743984 744023 744047 703447 703503 945378 945434 945446 945458 912674 912705 912938 913548 913561 913573 913585 913665 913708 913849 936418 936511 936596 1011996 1012047 1012072 1012361 1012373 1012441 1077344 1077356 1077424 1077497 1009617 1009710 1009722 1009734 1009758 1016478 1016509 1016718 1088839 1088840 1088876 1089032 1089241 1089277 1089345 1016374 1016405 1016442 734354 734551 734643 739819 740058 740083 739291 739531 743892 743959 744072 744103 703318 703331 703343 703355 703380 703527 703576 703552 945410 945471 912613 912662 912754 912846 912871 912895 912951 913757 913769 913850 936387 936492 936547 936639 1012060 1012115 1012139 1012188 1012219 1012220 1012281 1012416 1077381 1077412 1077436 1077473 1077516 1077553 1077565 1077577 1009678 1009691 1009795 1052098 1052129 1016558 1016571 1016663 1016687 1016699 1016743 1016780 1052209 1052246 1052295 1052351 1052387 1088919 1088932 1089019 1089093 1089265 1016350 1016386 734366 734391 734409 734471 734587 734655 739868 739924 740010 739266 739555 743818 743879 744011 744060 744096 744127 703435 703564 703588 945213 945225 945249 945274 945317 945391 945409 912729 912778 912809 912810 912822 912902 913536 913653 913794 936326 936603 936627 1011880 1011959 1011960 1012232 1012293 1012465 1077528 1077590 1077608 1077633 1077670 1009629 1009826 1052074 1052086 1052142 1016534 1016595 1016638 1016675 1016767 1052210 1052234 1052302 1052418 1089401 1088920 1089020 1089044 1089100 1089148 1089173 1089216 1089253 1089289 1016190 1016349 734446 734495 734526 734599 734679 739807 739856 740009 740034 739229 739278 739358 739414 743972 744059 703287 703367 703411 945250 945262 945514 912625 912650 912766 912791 912926 913813 936295 936406 936455 936467 936480 936640

Fixed Station Information

Station NameDrake Passage
CategoryOffshore area
Latitude59° 0.00' S
Longitude62° 0.00' W
Water depth below MSL

Drake Passage

The World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE, 1990-1998) was a major international experiment which made measurements and undertook modelling studies of the deep oceans in order to provide a much improved understanding of the role of ocean circulation in changing and ameliorating the Earth's climate.

The Drake Passage is the narrowest constriction of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) - the largest current in the world and connects all three major oceanic basins both horizontally and vertically, thus being a key control in the global overturning circulation.Within the Drake Passage, two repeat hydrographic sections (SR1 and SR1b) were established by WOCE. These were designed to extend measurements collected earlier by the International Southern Ocean Studies (ISOS) programme and have continued beyond the WOCE time-frame.

The original section was SR1 (which also covers part of the A21 one time survey track). Subsequently, the section was shifted to the east (and designated SR1b) in order for it to lie on a satellite ground track as illustrated in the image below.

BODC image

In addition to the hydrographic measurements, UK research in Drake Passage also includes a network of coastal and deep tide gauges, analysis of satellite altimeter data, and state-of-the-art global numerical modeling.

Other Series linked to this Fixed Station - 1052105 1052222 1052258 1009513 1009537 1009574 1009630 1009666 1009783 1016245 1016337 1016398 1016626 1016731 1016779 1016792 703619 945354 936375 739463 936314 734618 912963 913628 936431 734342 734502 734575 739475 744035 703607 912858 936338 734667 945237 945483 739426 734422 734680 734514 739205 739322 739402 739518 912698 913616 936560 912220 912139 913376 935974 936154 912397 913026 935833 935950 936142 912570 913179 912164 912312 912508 935789 912188 935821 912385 913106 913419 912441 912545 936246 530326 530086 530338 530074 581640 758203 758288 759138 761247 759427 760164 761468 530166 530191 249636 249741 249488 392948 392961 581559 541035 541397 761014 761388 761825 775950 758497 758910 759267 759415 759476 759661 759777 760207 760895 761075 761929 758701 758798 758829 759544 760115 760521 760871 761524 761708 761905 758043 758111 758553 759231 760987 759556 760428 761002 757980 758215 758750 759789 759949 759998 760397 760674 761653 1052117 1052154 1052178 1052191 1052399 1009605 1009642 1016208 1016257 1016270 1016313 1016430 1016706 1016755 739487 743867 945194 913524 936652 734563 739217 739254 913468 743843 743923 945329 912717 913493 913690 739948 740071 739310 739499 739543 945286 913801 936535 734631 743996 945201 912914 913500 913604 936572 936664 734458 739506 744115 912730 913733 945342 913677 913721 936351 734692 739832 912601 913641 913825 936523 913038 936234 936258 913002 913075 912569 913432 935925 913315 913352 913444 935790 935901 912300 913247 935869 912373 913259 936130 592975 530363 759199 759716 761099 761604 775974 757863 759894 760754 760791 761143 761327 761849 762017 530209 530210 530130 582919 249507 249661 249777 541508 581615 541477 541637 541698 35405 35362 758670 760778 761364 759010 759163 759384 759439 759532 759685 760293 760465 758516 758589 758958 759636 760834 760846 761432 777298 759697 759869 759882 761954 776234 758055 758400 758971 759292 759520 760594 761493 758424 758922 760557 760730 760766 761512 762005 776154 776191 1022029 1052130 1052363 1052375 1009549 1009550 1009586 1009746 1009771 1016301 1016454 1016466 1016510 1016583 1016602 739346 743960 936443 739186 703472 703484 913837 739438 703379 703460 945298 912649 936584 739893 945495 936479 739844 743935 703392 703459 703539 703540 912883 913782 936363 739198 744084 913597 739985 945330 945422 912637 936302 912096 912207 913407 912490 912256 912533 935913 912293 913260 913339 935949 936105 913296 913364 935986 936209 912281 912324 912521 913099 913303 912115 936129 936178 758135 759187 759624 759974 760140 761063 761500 530178 530129 582907 529153 249520 249673 249519 249556 249753 527619 249648 249697 249532 249685 392997 392985 541465 540972 540960 35442 541373 541385 760084 760951 761051 761167 761481 770656 758239 758725 761272 758485 758934 759280 760256 760281 760385 761942 758159 758878 760188 760453 761131 761211 757691 758307 758817 759083 759095 759206 760914 762042 757887 758018 758240 758264 758436 758528 759568 759600 760072 760312 761721 1022042 1052166 1009562 1009598 1009654 1009709 1009802 1009814 1016177 1016221 1016282 1016362 1016429 1016491 1016522 1016546 739900 739309 743880 743947 945366 936399 734410 739961 739371 739451 703496 912834 913512 913745 739820 739334 703306 703423 912742 913689 912686 739395 739881 739973 740095 739383 945182 945305 936559 936615 703299 703515 945502 913770 936049 936271 936074 913014 913051 913118 935882 935894 936037 936086 936222 912152 912465 935870 936025 912127 592987 530105 757955 758412 759913 760176 760348 760477 760601 760686 760809 761561 530142 249544 249581 527576 527607 249789 273593 392936 540947 541047 541649 35374 35454 35386 35429 35349 776166 758319 758320 759440 760489 760858 761407 761641 758830 760059 760705 757802 759519 759962 760649 760822 758006 758031 758067 758184 758196 758344 758866 759102 759790 760582 761444 761782 761874 770644 757826 758252 758393 758448 759347 759396 759857 760324 761352 761573 761850 759022 759046 759507 760268 761917 757838 1022017 1052271 1052283 1052314 1052326 1052338 1052406 1009525 1016189 1016233 1016269 1016294 1016325 1016417 1016614 1016651 739997 743911 703447 913665 913708 734434 740114 744047 912938 936511 739788 739936 913548 734483 734538 739230 744023 945378 739912 740046 743831 743855 743984 912674 912705 913561 913849 936596 734378 740102 739174 739242 703503 945434 945458 913573 913585 734606 740022 945446 936418 912176 912219 913235 912428 912232 913180 913211 935937 912361 935998 912489 912987 530098 530375 593014 593051 757967 758762 760637 761180 761296 761733 761966 761978 776178 758092 758842 760650 760742 760810 529165 249600 273624 249568 527564 249765 541490 541453 540984 541662 35430 35398 541281 757992 760047 760220 761026 757851 759464 760662 758123 759950 761118 761419 761548 761801 758682 759753 760938 760999 761536 703620 758786 758854 760035 760373 761862 758645 759335 760127 761223 761898 1009617 1009710 1009722 1009734 1009758 1016374 1016405 1016442 1016478 1016509 1016718 739819 703343 913769 913850 734354 945410 912613 912754 912846 936639 740083 739291 739531 743959 744103 912951 936547 703552 936492 703318 703576 945471 913757 936387 734551 740058 744072 912662 912871 743892 912895 734643 703331 703355 703380 703527 912140 913087 913155 913481 935808 936210 912336 913143 913223 936166 913340 913167 530314 593026 593002 592999 758172 758368 759279 759452 759593 761038 761087 758621 758694 758983 758995 759071 759673 529177 527620 540935 540923 541521 581603 541404 540996 541011 581596 35417 35337 758608 760336 761315 761597 761757 758079 758633 759360 760300 757931 758332 759845 760926 761420 761837 776142 758461 758891 758909 758946 759126 759218 759765 759901 760963 761339 757722 757771 760023 760533 759311 760717 761155 761340 775962 1022030 1052098 1052129 1052209 1052246 1052295 1052351 1052387 1009678 1009691 1009795 1016350 1016386 1016558 1016571 1016663 1016687 1016699 1016743 1016780 734391 734655 740010 739266 744011 703564 945213 912810 913653 734471 744060 703435 912822 734366 739924 744096 703588 734409 734587 912778 936326 739555 945249 945317 912729 743818 945225 912902 913536 913794 744127 945274 945409 936603 739868 743879 945391 912809 936627 912348 912404 913388 913327 935857 936117 913063 936191 936283 912416 912557 913192 936001 912477 913272 912244 913420 936050 912103 913456 581652 593038 758160 759009 759151 759359 759741 760232 760441 761106 770668 758749 759034 760545 760625 760975 761303 777305 530154 582920 527588 249624 249728 249716 392973 392924 541557 541545 541533 541428 541023 541686 541650 35350 758565 760103 760729 761235 761284 761456 761616 757875 760060 760490 761259 761769 758577 758737 760152 760508 761376 761585 761665 776210 758541 758805 759058 759403 759833 757899 758590 759925 759986 760361 760404 761991 757746 758147 758227 758504 759728 759821 761677 762029 757943 1052074 1052086 1052142 1052210 1052234 1052302 1052418 1009629 1009826 1016190 1016349 1016534 1016595 1016638 1016675 1016767 739807 740009 703367 703411 945250 739358 703287 912926 936295 936480 734599 739856 740034 945262 734526 744059 945514 912625 912650 739229 912766 913813 936406 936467 734495 739278 739414 743972 912791 936455 734446 734679 936640 936098 912582 936062 935845 912594 913284 935962 912453 936013 912268 913131 912999 530387 759114 760219 760883 761886 761930 776209 757979 759372 759488 759612 530302 249704 249593 527552 249612 541569 541441 541489 541416 593063 540959 581584 541674 757758 758276 758473 758657 758669 759704 759808 760244 760570 760613 761260 757709 757710 759255 760011 760416 761192 761689 761813 757734 757918 759323 761179 761770 762030 757814 757906 758356 760096 760569 761690 761745 777317 776222 757783 758080 758713 758774 759175 759581 759870 760139 760698 761794 758381 759243 759937 761628 757795

BODC Quality Control Flags

The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:

Flag Description
Blank Unqualified
< Below detection limit
> In excess of quoted value
A Taxonomic flag for affinis (aff.)
B Beginning of CTD Down/Up Cast
C Taxonomic flag for confer (cf.)
D Thermometric depth
E End of CTD Down/Up Cast
G Non-taxonomic biological characteristic uncertainty
H Extrapolated value
I Taxonomic flag for single species (sp.)
K Improbable value - unknown quality control source
L Improbable value - originator's quality control
M Improbable value - BODC quality control
N Null value
O Improbable value - user quality control
P Trace/calm
Q Indeterminate
R Replacement value
S Estimated value
T Interpolated value
U Uncalibrated
W Control value
X Excessive difference