Metadata Report for BODC Series Reference Number 1054996

• Metadata Summary

• Problem Reports

• Data Access Policy

• Narrative Documents

• Project Information

• Data Activity or Cruise Information

• Fixed Station Information

• BODC Quality Flags

• SeaDataNet Quality Flags

Metadata Summary

Problem Reports

Problem Report

Beam attenuance

The transmissometer appeared to suffer from slight pressure or temperature hysteresis at depth. The pattern showed a minimum attenuance in the range 150-200 db and then a slight increase in value as the profile went deeper. Cast 52 appeared to be obviously affected, and users should take account of quality control flags. For cast 52 where data are binned to 1 decibar, there will be large sections of the cast where the data are null, due to the absence of good quality data for each bin.

The transmissometer has been calibrated with pure water as the reference for 100% transmission and therefore beam attenuation values in clear water should be close to 0 m^-1. Chelsea Instruments advise that ALPHAtracka is calibrated at the factory at 20°C in distilled water with an electrical conductivity less than one µS cm^-1 and filtered to better than 5 µm and that it is possible that the user will encounter water which is purer than that used during the calibration. Indeed the minimum attenuance values for the profiles from the stainless steel rig mounted tranmissometer were lower then 0 m^-1, suggesting that the calibration procedure recommended by Sea-Bird and Chelsea Instruments may need adjusting to use deep clear oceanic water as the reference for 100% transmission. The attenuance data from each transmissometer will need further offset correction to bring them in line with recognised values. Whether this should be done for the dataset as a whole or on a cast by cast basis is for the user to decide based on their requirements. The absolute attenuation values are therefore questionable but the relative profile should be reliable except for profiles where hysteresis was a problem at depth.

RSS Discovery Cruise AMT15 CTD Data Quality Document

Fluorescence (Chelsea Technology Group (CTG) Aquatracka MKIII fluorometer)

The nominal chlorophyll-a values have been calculated from the CTG Aquatracka MKIII fluorometer data (with manufacturer's calibration applied) from the up-cast at bottle firing and the fluorometric chlorophyll-a data from sampled bottles. Where samples were not supplied or too few to generate a calibration and could not be grouped with other casts, the fluorometer profiles have not been calibrated. The sampling strategy for the extracted chlorophyll-a dataset used to calibrate the fluorometer focused on the upper water column, therefore the calibration is biased towards these depths. The calibration may not be as reliable below depths ~150m. Casts CTD001S, CTD002S, CTD003T, CTD004T, CTD005S, CTD006S, CTD007T, CTD010T, CTD060S and CTD061S have not been calibrated. The extracted chlorophyll-a dataset is available for users to derive their own calibrations should they wish.

Attenuance

Due to the transmissometer calibration issues, many of the attenuance values were negative (beyond the range of the parameter). All negative values were flagged 'M'. This does not necessarily mean that the data are scientifically useless, just that the calibration coefficients may be slightly out. Where previous 'T' flags were overwritten, the original flagged data are available on request. The transmissometer was replaced with a spare on Julian day 285.

Downwelling and upwelling sub-surface PAR irradiance

For downwelling PAR, some data points were beyond the maximum range of the parameter and so were flagged as suspect. The downwelling PAR channel in series CTD014S, CTD015S, CTD046S, CTD078T and CTD079S is constant. As all these casts were shallow, below 350 m and taken at night time. The exception to this is series CTD078T which was to over 5000 m depth and taken at ~ 10:00 hours. The upwelling PAR channel in series CTD032T is constant but this cast was taken at night.

Dissolved oxygen concentration and oxygen saturation

Oxygen concentration and saturation were flagged on cycle 1 for several series where obvious outliers were identified.

Data Access Policy

Open Data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)

You must always use the following attribution statement to acknowledge the source of the information: "Contains data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council."

Narrative Documents

Sea-Bird Dissolved Oxygen Sensor SBE 43 and SBE 43F

The SBE 43 is a dissolved oxygen sensor designed for marine applications. It incorporates a high-performance Clark polarographic membrane with a pump that continuously plumbs water through it, preventing algal growth and the development of anoxic conditions when the sensor is taking measurements.

Two configurations are available: SBE 43 produces a voltage output and can be incorporated with any Sea-Bird CTD that accepts input from a 0-5 volt auxiliary sensor, while the SBE 43F produces a frequency output and can be integrated with an SBE 52-MP (Moored Profiler CTD) or used for OEM applications. The specifications below are common to both.

Specifications

Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.

Discovery Cruise AMT15 CTD Instrumentation for the stainless steel frame.

Two different CTD frames were used - a stainless steel frame and a titanium frame used for trace metal sampling. This document describes the instrumentation on the stainless steel frame.

Stainless Steel

The CTD unit was a Sea-Bird Electronics 911plus system, with dissolved oxygen sensor. The CTD was fitted with a transmissometer, 2 fluorometers, a downwelling PAR sensor and a light scatter sensor. All instruments were attached to a Sea-Bird SBE 32 carousel. The table below lists more detailed information about the various sensors.

Change of sensors during cruise: PAR sensor removed for 1000m casts. Light Scatter Sensor 339 removed prior to cast CTD022.

Sampling device

Rosette sampling system equipped with 24 x 20 l sampling bottles (manufactured by Ocean Test Equipment Inc.).

Sea-Bird Electronics SBE 911 and SBE 917 series CTD profilers

The SBE 911 and SBE 917 series of conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) units are used to collect hydrographic profiles, including temperature, conductivity and pressure as standard. Each profiler consists of an underwater unit and deck unit or SEARAM. Auxiliary sensors, such as fluorometers, dissolved oxygen sensors and transmissometers, and carousel water samplers are commonly added to the underwater unit.

Underwater unit

The CTD underwater unit (SBE 9 or SBE 9 plus) comprises a protective cage (usually with a carousel water sampler), including a main pressure housing containing power supplies, acquisition electronics, telemetry circuitry, and a suite of modular sensors. The original SBE 9 incorporated Sea-Bird's standard modular SBE 3 temperature sensor and SBE 4 conductivity sensor, and a Paroscientific Digiquartz pressure sensor. The conductivity cell was connected to a pump-fed plastic tubing circuit that could include auxiliary sensors. Each SBE 9 unit was custom built to individual specification. The SBE 9 was replaced in 1997 by an off-the-shelf version, termed the SBE 9 plus, that incorporated the SBE 3 plus (or SBE 3P) temperature sensor, SBE 4C conductivity sensor and a Paroscientific Digiquartz pressure sensor. Sensors could be connected to a pump-fed plastic tubing circuit or stand-alone.

Temperature, conductivity and pressure sensors

The conductivity, temperature, and pressure sensors supplied with Sea-Bird CTD systems have outputs in the form of variable frequencies, which are measured using high-speed parallel counters. The resulting count totals are converted to numeric representations of the original frequencies, which bear a direct relationship to temperature, conductivity or pressure. Sampling frequencies for these sensors are typically set at 24 Hz.

The temperature sensing element is a glass-coated thermistor bead, pressure-protected inside a stainless steel tube, while the conductivity sensing element is a cylindrical, flow-through, borosilicate glass cell with three internal platinum electrodes. Thermistor resistance or conductivity cell resistance, respectively, is the controlling element in an optimized Wien Bridge oscillator circuit, which produces a frequency output that can be converted to a temperature or conductivity reading. These sensors are available with depth ratings of 6800 m (aluminium housing) or 10500 m (titanium housing). The Paroscientific Digiquartz pressure sensor comprises a quartz crystal resonator that responds to pressure-induced stress, and temperature is measured for thermal compensation of the calculated pressure.

Additional sensors

Optional sensors for dissolved oxygen, pH, light transmission, fluorescence and others do not require the very high levels of resolution needed in the primary CTD channels, nor do these sensors generally offer variable frequency outputs. Accordingly, signals from the auxiliary sensors are acquired using a conventional voltage-input multiplexed A/D converter (optional). Some Sea-Bird CTDs use a strain gauge pressure sensor (Senso-Metrics) in which case their pressure output data is in the same form as that from the auxiliary sensors as described above.

Deck unit or SEARAM

Each underwater unit is connected to a power supply and data logging system: the SBE 11 (or SBE 11 plus) deck unit allows real-time interfacing between the deck and the underwater unit via a conductive wire, while the submersible SBE 17 (or SBE 17 plus) SEARAM plugs directly into the underwater unit and data are downloaded on recovery of the CTD. The combination of SBE 9 and SBE 17 or SBE 11 are termed SBE 917 or SBE 911, respectively, while the combinations of SBE 9 plus and SBE 17 plus or SBE 11 plus are termed SBE 917 plus or SBE 911 plus.

Specifications

Specifications for the SBE 9 plus underwater unit are listed below:

Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.

Chelsea Technologies Group Aquatracka MKIII fluorometer

The Chelsea Technologies Group Aquatracka MKIII is a logarithmic response fluorometer. Filters are available to enable the instrument to measure chlorophyll, rhodamine, fluorescein and turbidity.

It uses a pulsed (5.5 Hz) xenon light source discharging along two signal paths to eliminate variations in the flashlamp intensity. The reference path measures the intensity of the light source whilst the signal path measures the intensity of the light emitted from the specimen under test. The reference signal and the emitted light signals are then applied to a ratiometric circuit. In this circuit, the ratio of returned signal to reference signal is computed and scaled logarithmically to achieve a wide dynamic range. The logarithmic conversion accuracy is maintained at better than one percent of the reading over the full output range of the instrument.

Two variants of the instrument are available, both manufactured in titanium, capable of operating in depths from shallow water down to 2000 m and 6000 m respectively. The optical characteristics of the instrument in its different detection modes are visible below:

* The wavelengths for the turbidity filters are customer selectable but must be in the range 400 to 700 nm. The same wavelength is used in the excitation path and the emission path.

The instrument measures chlorophyll a, rhodamine and fluorescein with a concentration range of 0.01 µg l^-1 to 100 µg l^-1. The concentration range for turbidity is 0.01 to 100 FTU (other wavelengths are available on request).

The instrument accuracy is ± 0.02 µg l^-1 (or ± 3% of the reading, whichever is greater) for chlorophyll a, rhodamine and fluorescein. The accuracy for turbidity, over a 0 - 10 FTU range, is ± 0.02 FTU (or ± 3% of the reading, whichever is greater).

Further details are available from the Aquatracka MKIII specification sheet.

Chelsea Technologies Group ALPHAtracka and ALPHAtracka II transmissometers

The Chelsea Technologies Group ALPHAtracka (the Mark I) and its successor, the ALPHAtracka II (the Mark II), are both accurate (< 0.3 % fullscale) transmissometers that measure the beam attenuation coefficient at 660 nm. Green (565 nm), yellow (590 nm) and blue (470 nm) wavelength variants are available on special order.

The instrument consists of a Transmitter/Reference Assembly and a Detector Assembly aligned and spaced apart by an open support frame. The housing and frame are both manufactured in titanium and are pressure rated to 6000 m depth.

The Transmitter/Reference housing is sealed by an end cap. Inside the housing an LED light source emits a collimated beam through a sealed window. The Detector housing is also sealed by an end cap. A signal photodiode is placed behind a sealed window to receive the collimated beam from the Transmitter.

The primary difference between the ALPHAtracka and ALPHAtracka II is that the Alphatracka II is implemented with surface-mount technology; this has enabled a much smaller diameter pressure housing to be used while retaining exactly the same optical train as in the Mark I. Data from the Mark II version are thus fully compatible with that already obtained with the Mark I. The performance of the Mark II is further enhanced by two electronic developments from Chelsea Technologies Group - firstly, all items are locked in a signal nulling loop of near infinite gain and, secondly, the signal output linearity is inherently defined by digital circuitry only.

Among other advantages noted above, these features ensure that the optical intensity of the Mark II, indicated by the output voltage, is accurately represented by a straight line interpolation between a reading near full-scale under known conditions and a zero reading when blanked off.

For optimum measurements in a wide range of environmental conditions, the Mark I and Mark II are available in 5 cm, 10 cm and 25 cm path length versions. Output is default factory set to 2.5 volts but can be adjusted to 5 volts on request.

Further details about the Mark II instrument are available from the Chelsea Technologies Group ALPHAtrackaII specification sheet.

Chelsea Technologies Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) Irradiance Sensor

This sensor was originally designed to assist the study of marine photosynthesis. With the use of logarithmic amplication, the sensor covers a range of 6 orders of magnitude, which avoids setting up the sensor range for the expected signal level for different ambient conditions.

The sensor consists of a hollow PTFE 2-pi collector supported by a clear acetal dome diverting light to a filter and photodiode from which a cosine response is obtained. The sensor can be used in moorings, profiling or deployed in towed vehicles and can measure both upwelling and downwelling light.

Specifications

Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.

Paroscientific Absolute Pressure Transducers Series 3000 and 4000

Paroscientific Series 3000 and 4000 pressure transducers use a Digiquartz pressure sensor to provide high accuracy and precision data. The sensor comprises a quartz crystal resonator that responds to pressure-induced stress, and temperature is measured for thermal compensation of the calculated pressure.

The 3000 series of transducers includes one model, the 31K-101, whereas the 4000 series includes several models, listed in the table below. All transducers exhibit repeatability of better than ±0.01% full pressure scale, hysteresis of better than ±0.02% full scale and acceleration sensitivity of ±0.008% full scale /g (three axis average). Pressure resolution is better than 0.0001% and accuracy is typically 0.01% over a broad range of temperatures.

Differences between the models lie in their pressure and operating temperature ranges, as detailed below:

Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.

Discovery Cruise AMT15 CTD Processing

Sampling strategy

A total of 105 successful CTD casts were made during the cruise, 68 casts used the stainless steel rig and 37 used the titanium rig. Rosette bottles were fired throughout the water column on the upcast of most profiles. Data were measured at 24 Hz by a PC running SEASAVE, Sea-Bird's data acquisition software. The raw data files were supplied to BODC after the cruise.

Originator's processing

Only a subset of files had been partially processed on board during the cruise. The raw data were therefore reprocessed at BODC to produce a homogeneous set of CTD data files for this cruise.

BODC post-processing and screening

BODC used the latest version of the SeaBird Processing software available at the time to process the raw binary data files (DAT files) based on information held in the sensor configuration files (CON files), and bottle firing files (BL).

• Sea-Bird processing

  The CON files were first checked for any changes which may have occurred during the cruise, none were made. The information was also cross checked against information held in the sensors' calibration reports.

  The following SeaBird routines were then carried out using SBE Data Processing software version 5.30a: DATCNV, CELLTM, FILTER, LOOPEDIT, DERIVE, BINAVG, STRIP. After CELLTM was run, tests were carried out to check whether an alignment of the conductivity sensor was necessary. In some instances a lag of 0.007 s was found but since this was not consistent on all casts it was decided that no lag need to be applied to conductivity. Details of the routines and settings used were as follows:

  DATCNV converts the raw data into engineering units. Both down and upcasts were selected. All channels were selected for transfer.

  The manufacturer's calibration for the fluorometer was applied during Sea-Bird processing as follows:

  Stainless steel	Nominal chl-a conc (µg/l) = (0.00948 * 10voltage) - 0.0174
  Titanium	Nominal chl-a conc (µg/l) = (0.01080 * 10voltage) - 0.0270

  CELLTM was run on the DATCNV output using SeaBird's recommended settings of alpha= 0.03 and Tau=7.

  FILTER was run on pressure using a low pass time constant of 0.15 seconds.

  LOOPEDIT was run in order to minimise the marked wake effect linked to ship rolling observed on recent cruises.

  DERIVE, BINAVG and STRIP were then run to derive the salinity and oxygen concentration, reduce the data to 2Hz and strip redundant channels from the final sets of ASCII files.

  Conversion of transmissometer voltages to beam attenuation

  There were no air and blocked path readings provided for this cruise. So the transmissometer output was not processed to transmissance or attenuance during SeaBird processing but retained as a voltage. The conversion to attenuance was carried out after transfer, screening and loading to the database.

  Conversion of PAR sensor voltages to irradiance

  The PAR sensor output was not processed to irradiance units during SeaBird processing but retained as a voltage. The conversion to irradiance was carried out after transfer, screening and loading to the database.

• Reformatting

  The data were converted from Sea-Bird ASCII format into BODC internal format (PXF) using BODC transfer function 357. The following table shows how the variables within the Sea-Bird files were mapped to appropriate BODC parameter codes:

  Sea-Bird Parameter Name	Units	Description	BODC Parameter Code	Units	Comments
  Pressure, Digiquartz	dbar	CTD pressure	PRESPR01	dbar	-
  Temperature [ITS-90]	°C	Temperature of water column by CTD sensor 1	TEMPCU01	°C	-
  Temperature, 2 [ITS-90]	°C	Temperature of water column by CTD sensor 2	TEMPCU02	°C	-
  Salinity	-	Practical salinity of the water body by CTD sensor 1	PSALCU01	-	-
  Salinity, 2	-	Practical salinity of the water body by CTD sensor 2	PSALCU02	-	-
  Oxygen	µmol kg-1	Dissolved oxygen concentration	DOXYSU01	µmol l-1	Converted from µmol kg-1 to µmol l-1 using sigma-T during transfer
  Fluorescence	mg m-3	Nominal chl-a concentration	CPHLPM01	mg m-3	Manufacturer's calibration applied during processing
  Voltage 4	V	Downwelling PAR sensor voltage	LVLTPD01	V	-
  Voltage 5	V	Upwelling PAR sensor voltage	LVLTPU01	V	-
  Voltage 6	V	Light Scatter Sensor voltage	NVLTST01	V	No calibration details - only available as raw voltage
  Voltage 7	V	Transmissometer voltage	TVLTDR01	V	-
  -	-	Practical salinity of the water body by CTD sensor 1 - sample calibrated	PSALCC01	-	PSALCU01 calibrated against bench salinometer data
  -	-	Dissolved oxygen concentration - sample calibrated	DOXYSC01	µmol l-1	DOXYSU01 calibrated against Winkler titration data
  -	-	Fluorometer - sample calibrated	CPHLPS01	mg m-3	CPHLPM01 calibrated against fluorometric chlorophyll-a data
  -	-	Downwelling sub-surface PAR irradiance	IRRDPP01	µE m-2 s-1	Generated using manufacturer's calibration
  -	-	Upwelling sub-surface PAR irradiance	IRRUPP01	µE m-2 s-1	Generated using manufacturer's calibration
  -	-	Beam attenuance	ATTNDR01	m-1	Generated using manufacturer's calibration
  -	-	Oxygen saturation	OXYSSC01	%	Generated by BODC using the Benson and Krause (1984) algorithm wioth parameters DOXYSC01, PSALCC01 and TEMPCU01
  -	-	Potential temperature	POTMCV01	°C	Generated by BODC using UNESCO Report 38 (1981) algorithm with parameters PRESPR01, PSALCC01 and TEMPCU01
  -	-	Sigma-theta	SIGTPR01	kg m-3	Generated by BODC using the Fofonoff and Millard (1982) algorithm with parameters PSALCC01 and POTMCV01

• References

  Benson, B.B. and Krause, D., 1984. The concentration and isotopic fractionation of oxygen dissolved in freshwater and seawater in equilibrium with the atmosphere. Limnol. Oceanogr., 29(3), 620-632

  Fofonoff, N.P. and Millard, R.C., 1983. Algorithms for computations of fundamental properties of seawater. UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science No. 44, 53pp.

  UNESCO, 1981. Background papers and supporting data on the International Equation of State of Seawater 1980. UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science No. 38, 192pp

• Screening

  The PXF data were compared with the original data files to ensure that no errors had been introduced during the conversion process. Reformatted CTD data were transferred onto a graphics work station for visualisation using the in-house editor EDSERPLO. Downcasts and upcasts were differentiated and the limits manually flagged. No data values were edited or deleted. Flagging was achieved by modification of the associated BODC quality control flag for suspect or null values.

  The profiles were generally of good quality with some flagging of the oxygen and fluorometer channels. The PAR channels showed some variation in the surface but these were not flagged as they could be from passing cloud or ship's shadow.

  The transmissometer appeared to suffer from slight pressure or temperature hysteresis at depth. The pattern showed a minimum attenuance in the range 150-200 db and then a slight increase in value as the profile went deeper.

• Banking

  Once quality control screening was complete, the CTD downcasts were banked. Finally, the data were binned against pressure at 1 dbar increments.

Voltage conversions

• PAR sub-surface irradiance

  The PAR sensor raw voltages have been converted to PAR irradiance values in units of µE m^-2 s^-1 using supplied manufacturer's calibration coefficients.

  Rig	Casts	Sensor s/n	Calibration	BODC cal ref
  Stainless steel	All	01	IRRDPP01 = 0.0423 * exp (LVLTDP01 * 4.987 - 7.7190)	4279
  Titanium	All	02	IRRDPP01 = 0.0423 * exp (LVLTDP01 * 5.1010 - 8.3209)	4281
  Titanium	1 - 18	03	IRRUPP01 = 0.0423 * exp (LVLTUP01 * 5.0970 - 8.7753)	4282
  Titanium	19 - 105	04	IRRUPP01 = 0.0423 * exp (LVLTUP01 * 5.1400 - 8.4029)	4280

• Attenuance

  The transmissometer raw voltages have been converted to attenuance values in units of m^-1 using manufacturer air/dark/pure water voltages converted to calibration coefficients as per Sea-Bird Application Note No.7. No air/dark voltages were provided from the cruise so coefficients have been calculated with the most recent dark/air voltages being those provided by the manufacturer.

  M = (Tw / (W0 - Y0) * (A0 - Y0) / (A1 - Y1)

  B = -M * Y1

  where

  		Stainless steel	Titanium
  Tw =	% transmission for pure water	100%	100%
  W0 =	voltage output in pure water	4.2009 V	4.1980 V
  A0 =	manufacturer's air voltage	4.7810 V	4.4320 V
  Y0 =	manufacturer's blocked path voltage	0.0184 V	0.0214 V
  A1 =	cruise air voltage	4.496 V	4.530 V
  Y1 =	cruise blocked path voltage	0.074 V	0.020 V

  Rig	Sensor s/n	Calibration	BODC cal ref
  Stainless steel	161048	ATTNDR01 = -1 / 0.25 * ln (TVLTDR01 * 0.257507 - 0.019055)	4278
  Titanium	161047	ATTNDR01 = -1 / 0.25 * ln (TVLTDR01 * 0.234152 - 0.004683)	4277

Field Calibrations

• Temperature

  No reversing thermometer data were available for AMT15, so the CTD sensor data have not been calibrated against another dataset. Temperature readings from the two temperature sensors were almost identical and no other independent measurements of better quality were available. No further correction was therefore applied to the data.

• Salinity

  Bench salinometer data were provided by UKORS.

  Casts	Calibration	N	R2	BODC cal ref
  Stainless steel	PSALCC01 = 0.9978 * PSALCU01 + 0.0722	52	0.4224	4141
  Titanium	PSALCC01 = 0.9993 * PSALCU01 + 0.0233	30	0.1328	4140

• Dissolved oxygen

  The oxygen sensor calibrations have been carried out using dissolved oxygen data from Winkler titrations (provided by Nikki Gist, Plymouth Marine Laboratory).

  Casts	Calibration	N	R2	BODC cal ref
  Stainless steel	DOXYSC01 = DOXYSU01 + 1.7590 (sd = 1.66)	124	-	6448
  Titanium	DOXYSC01 = 1.0602 * DOXYSU01 + 2.7248	77	0.9967	6449

• Fluorescence

  The nominal chlorophyll-a values have been calculated from the fluorometer data (with manufacturer's calibration applied) from the up-cast at bottle firing and the fluorometric chlorophyll-a data from sampled bottles. Where samples were not supplied or too few to generate a calibration and could not be grouped with other casts, the fluorometer profiles have not been calibrated. The sampling strategy for the extracted chlorophyll-a dataset used to calibrate the fluorometer focused on the upper water column, therefore the calibration is biased towards these depths. The calibration may not be as reliable below depths ~150m. Casts 1-7, 60 and 61 have not been calibrated. The extracted chlorophyll-a dataset is available for users to derive their own calibrations should they wish.

  Stainless steel

  Casts	Calibration	N	R2	BODC cal ref
  8 - 24	CPHLPS01 = 2.0816 * CPHLPM01	31	0.8910	6641
  26 - 42	CPHLPS01 = 3.7636 * CPHLPM01	29	0.9886	6642
  43 - 58	CPHLPS01 = 2.2671 * CPHLPM01	33	0.8805	6643
  64 - 105	CPHLPS01 = 1.2958 * CPHLPM01	69	0.3626	6645

  Titanium

  Casts	Calibration	N	R2	BODC cal ref
  13 - 22	CPHLPS01 = 4.7916 * CPHLPM01	24	0.9074	6646
  25 - 40	CPHLPS01 = 5.5096 * CPHLPM01	47	0.9965	6647
  45 - 59	CPHLPS01 = 2.4576 * CPHLPM01	27	0.8088	6648
  62 - 104	CPHLPS01 = 2.4869 * CPHLPM01	87	0.7469	6649

Project Information

The Atlantic Meridional Transect - Phase 2 (2002-2006)

Who was involved in the project?

The Atlantic Meridional Transect Phase 2 was designed by and implemented by a number of UK research centres and universities. The programme was hosted by Plymouth Marine Laboratory in collaboration with the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton. The universities involved were:

• University of Liverpool
• University of Newcastle
• University of Plymouth
• University of Southampton
• University of East Anglia

What was the project about?

AMT began in 1995, with scientific aims to assess mesoscale to basin scale phytoplankton processes, the functional interpretation of bio-optical signatures and the seasonal, regional and latitudinal variations in mesozooplankton dynamics. In 2002, when the programme restarted, the scientific aims were broadened to address a suite of cross-disciplinary questions concerning ocean plankton ecology and biogeochemistry and the links to atmospheric processes.

The objectives included the determination of:

• how the structure, functional properties and trophic status of the major planktonic ecosystems vary in space and time
• how physical processes control the rates of nutrient supply to the planktonic ecosystem
• how atmosphere-ocean exchange and photo-degradation influence the formation and fate of organic matter

The data were collected with the aim of being distributed for use in the development of models to describe the interactions between the global climate system and ocean biogeochemistry.

When was the project active?

The second phase of funding allowed the project to continue for the period 2002 to 2006 and consisted of six research cruises. The first phase of the AMT programme ran from 1995 to 2000.

Brief summary of the project fieldwork/data

The fieldwork on the first three cruises was carried out along transects from the UK to the Falkland Islands in September and from the Falkland Islands to the UK in April. The last three cruises followed a cruise track between the UK and South Africa, only deviating from the traditional transect in the southern hemisphere. During this phase the research cruises sampled further into the centre of the North and South Atlantic Ocean and also along the north-west coast of Africa where upwelled nutrient rich water is known to provide a significant source of climatically important gases.

Who funded the project?

Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)

Data Activity or Cruise Information

Cruise

Complete Cruise Metadata Report is available here

Fixed Station Information

No Fixed Station Information held for the Series

BODC Quality Control Flags

The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:

SeaDataNet Quality Control Flags

The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle: