Metadata Report for BODC Series Reference Number 1108941
Metadata Summary
Problem Reports
Data Access Policy
Narrative Documents
Project Information
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Fixed Station Information
BODC Quality Flags
Metadata Summary
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Problem Reports
No Problem Report Found in the Database
Data Access Policy
Public domain data
These data have no specific confidentiality restrictions for users. However, users must acknowledge data sources as it is not ethical to publish data without proper attribution. Any publication or other output resulting from usage of the data should include an acknowledgment.
The recommended acknowledgment is
"This study uses data from the data source/organisation/programme, provided by the British Oceanographic Data Centre and funded by the funding body."
Narrative Documents
Turner Designs 10AU Field Fluorometer
The Turner Designs 10AU is designed for continuous-flow monitoring or discrete sample analyses of fluorescent species. A variety of optical kits with appropriate filters and lamps are available for a wide range of applications. Individual filters and lamps are also available for customised applications.
Standard optical kits include those for chlorophyll-a (extracted and/or in vivo), phycocyanin, phycoerythrin, CDOM, ammonium, rhodamine and fluorescein dye tracing, crude oil, refined oil, histamine and optical brighteners.
The instrument's light source is a 4 watt lamp and the detector is a photomultiplier tube with a standard detection range of 300-650 nm. A red-sensitive version with a detetion range of 185-970 nm is also available.
Specifications
| Operating temperature | 0 to 55°C |
| Detector | PhotoMultiplier Tube 300 to 650 nm (standard) 185 to 870 nm (Red) |
| Detection Limits: Extracted Chlorophyll-a Rhodamine WT Dye Fluorescein Dye | 0.025 µg L-1 0.01 ppb (in potable water) 0.01 ppb (in potable water) |
| Linear range: Extracted Chlorophyll-a Rhodamine WT Dye Fluorescein Dye | 0 to 250µg L-1 0 to 250 ppb 0 to 250 ppb |
Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.
Ashtech GG24 receiver
The GG24 is an all-in-view Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) receiver that blends GPS and GLONASS into a single position solution. This receiver uses all available satellites from both systems to obtain the best position information.
The three-dimensional position and velocity are calculated when tracking any combination of five satellites. Up to five independent measurements are determined every second, with no interpolation or extrapolation from previous solutions.
Specifications
| Parameter | Values |
| Operating Temperature | -30°C to 55°C |
| Sampling frequency | up to 5 Hz |
| Receiver channels | 12 L1 GPS + 12 L1 GLONASS |
| Real-Time Position Accuracy | 3.2 m (autonomous) 35.0 m (differential) |
| Velocity Accuracy | 0.1 knots |
Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.
Ashtech Global Positioning System receivers (ADU series)
The ADU series of Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers are designed to give real-time three-dimensional position and attitude measurements. Attitude determination is based on differential carrier phase measurements between four antennas connected to a receiver, providing heading, pitch and roll, along with three-dimensional position and velocity.
The ADU2 model receives information from 48 channels, while the upgraded model (ADU5) uses 56 channels. The ADU5 also features a unique Kalman filter with user selectable dynamic modes to match operating conditions. It also incorporates signals from Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) and features an embedded 2-channel 300 kHz beacon receiver for easy differential GPS (DGPS) operations.
Specifications
| Parameter | ADU2 | ADU5 |
| Operational Temperature range: | | |
| Sampling frequency | 5 Hz | 5 Hz |
| Receiver channels | 48 | 56 |
| Accuracy: | | |
| Circular Error Probability: | | |
Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheets for the ADU2 andADU5.
Furuno GPS/WAAS Navigator GP32
The GP32 is an advanced GPS navigator with a Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) receiver which can receive up to 12 discrete GPS channels, all-in-view, and also has DGPS capabilities.
The WAAS applies correction data by means of geostationary satellites. The reference stations on earth monitor the GPS constellation and route GPS error data to the WAAS satellite via the master earth station.
This equipment is comprised of a compact unit designed for coastal activities with several display modes, e.g. Plotter, Nav Data, Steering, Highway, Speedometer and two other costumisable modes. The data can be viewed in WGS-84 or other geodetic systems.
Specifications
| GPS/WAAS | |
| Receiver type | GPS: 12 discrete channels, C/A code, all-in-view WAAS: standard fitted display unit |
| Receive frequency | L1 (1575.42 MHz) |
| Time to first fix | 12 s (typical) |
| Tracking velocity | 999 knots |
| DGPS | |
| Reference stations | Automatic or manual selection |
| Frequency range | 283.5 to 325 kHz in 0.5 kHz steps |
| Accuracy | |
| GPS | 10 m (95%) |
| DGPS | 5 m (95%) |
| WAAS | 3 m (95%) |
The equipment's specification sheet can be accessed Furuno GP32
Kongsberg Seatex Seapath 200 GPS and Gyrocompass
The Seapath 200 is a highly accurate, real-time heading, attitude and position information system that integrates the best signal characteristics of Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) and Global Positioning System (GPS), using a differential GPS method to acquire this data.
The high-rate motion data is obtained from the Seatex MRU5 inertial sensor and two fixed baseline GPS carrier-phase receivers. The raw data is integrated in a Kalman filter in the Seapath Processing Unit. The IMU contains an accurate linear accelerometer and Bosch Coriolis force angular rate gyros (CFG).
This system is equipped to utilise up to six different DGPS reference stations, it checks for consistency within measurements from the different sensors to ensure reliability and rejects noisy data or reports its inaccuracy. The data is available through various output protocols, RS-232, RS-422 and Ethernet.
This instrument is no longer in production; the main characteristics are presented below, and the specification sheet can be accessed here Kongsberg Seatex Seapath 200 .
Specifications
| Scale factor error in pitch, roll and heading | 0.2% RMS |
| Heave motion periods | 1 to 25 s |
| Accuracy | |
| Heading | 0.05° RMS (4 m baseline) 0.075° RMS (2.5 m baseline) |
| Roll and Pitch | 0.03° EMS (± 5° amplitude) |
| Heave | 5 cm or 5%, whichever is highest |
| Position | 0.7 RMS or 1.5 m (95% CEP) with DGPS 0.15 m EMS or 0.4 m (95% CEP) with Searef 100 corrections |
| Velocity | 0.03 m s-1 RMS or 0.07 m s-1 (95% CEP) with DGPS |
SeaBird MicroTSG Thermosalinograph SBE 45
The SBE45 MicroTSG is an externally powered instrument designed for shipboard measurement of temperature and conductivity of pumped near-surface water samples. The instrument can also compute salinity and sound velocity internally.
The MicroTSG comprises a platinum-electrode glass conductivity cell and a stable, pressure-protected thermistor temperature sensor. It also contains an RS-232 port for appending the output of a remote temperature sensor, allowing for direct measurement of sea surface temperature.
The instrument can operate in Polled, Autonomous and Serial Line Sync sampling modes:
- Polled sampling: the instrument takes one sample on command
- Autonomous sampling: the instrument samples at preprogrammed intervals and does not enter quiescence (sleep) state between samples
- Serial Line Sync: a pulse on the serial line causes the instrument to wake up, sample and re-enter quiescent state automatically
Specifications
| Conductivity | Temperature | Salinity | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Range | 0 to 7 Sm-1 | -5 to 35°C | |
| Initial accuracy | 0.0003 Sm-1 | 0.002°C | 0.005 (typical) |
| Resolution | 0.00001 Sm-1 | 0.0001°C | 0.0002 (typical) |
| Typical stability (per month) | 0.0003 Sm-1 | 0.0002°C | 0.003 (typical) |
Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.
DISCOVERY2010 James Clark Ross Cruise JR20061024 (JR161) Surface Hydrography Document
Cruise details
| Dates | 2006-10-24 to 2006-12-03 |
|---|---|
| Principal Scientific Officer | Rachael Shreeve, British Antarctic Survey |
| Data supplied by | Hugh Venables, Nathan Cunningham, British Antarctic Survey |
Cruise JR20061024 (JR161) was conducted within the Scotia Sea as part of the DISCOVERY 2010 BAS program. Three transects were run as follows:
1- From Stanley in the Falkland Islands, to Signy in the South Orkneys
2- From Signy towards the Polar Front North of the Island of South Georgia
3- From the Polar front back to Stanley
The cruise strategy included samples and measurements to characterise the oceanography, nutrients, phytoplankton, zooplankton, fish and higher predators. Some of the planned sampling events had to be cancelled due to operational delays related with staff relief at Signy and the occasional bad weather.
Fully processed data covering a period from 24 October 2006 to 28 November 2006 was received at BODC in a single file, with time supplied in UT.
The data set is shorter than expected as it was trimmed during the processing stages carried out by the originator. The ship navigated in and out of the ice region in several periods and most of them were deleted from the final file. Data from the anemometer was logged but because it was considered of poor quality, it was decided, during the processing stages performed by the originator, that it should not be included in the final file.
Content of data series
| Parameter | Units | Parameter code |
|---|---|---|
| Latitude | degrees | ALATGP01 |
| Longitude | degrees | ALONGP01 |
| Conductivity | S cm-1 | CNDCSG01 |
| Salinity | - | PSALSG01 |
| Sound Velocity | m s-1 | SVELSG01 |
| Chlorophyll Fluorescence | µg l-1 | CPHLUMTF |
| Flow Rate | l min-1 | INFLTF01 |
| Sea Surface Temperature | °c90 | TEMPSG01 |
Instrumentation
The instruments used to obtain hydrographic measurements are listed below:
| Sensor | Manufacturer | Serial number | Last calibration date | Main role |
| Ashtech ADU5 | Ashtech | - | - | Antenna 1 used to determine the ships' position, antennae 2-4 used to determine roll, pitch and yaw |
| GLONASS GG24 | Ashtech | - | - | Positional information |
| Seapath GPS200 | Seatex | - | - | Position and heading |
| GPS NMEA GP32 | Furuno | - | - | Positional information |
| Gyro 200 heading | Seapath | - | - | Heading information |
| SBE45 CTD | SeaBird Electronics | 4524698-0018 | 2004-03-05 | Surface hydrography |
| 10-AU Fluorometer | Turner Designs | 6465RTX | - | Chlorophyll fluorescence |
Data Processing Procedures
One file was received at BODC, containing fully processed data that were merged from the navigation, meteorology and oceanlogger systems. The data were sent with a 1 minute resolution. The start date was 24 October 2006 00:00 hours and end date 28 November 2006 23:58 hours.
The file contained 24 channels, and although all are available on request, not all were loaded onto BODC's database, as they uncalibrated data or obtained from secondary sensors. Originator's variables and units are: time (seconds), time_jday (days), air_temperature1 (°c90), humidity1 (%), par1 (µmol m-2 s-1), tir1 (W m-1), air_temperature2 (°c90), humidity2 (%), par2 (µmol m-2 s-1), tir2 (W m-1), pressure1 (hPa), pressure2 (hPa), saltemp (°c90), cond (S m-1), psal (pss-78), sound_vel (m s-1), fluor (µg l-1), fstemp (°c90), flow (l min-1), sst (°c90), sst_uncal (°c90), psal_uncal (pss-78), latitude (degrees), longitude (degrees).
Originator's Data Processing
The thermosalinograph and fluorometer connected to the ship's non-toxic seawater supply collected surface hydrographic data that were merged into one single file with data from the other systems. The data were fully processed and calibration procedures were performed on board.
Several gaps are present in the data set and they relate to periods when the oceanlogger system did not function due to ice blockage. During the transfer procedures these gaps were assigned an absent value flag (N).
BODC Data Processing
Parameter codes defined in BODC's parameter dictionary were assigned to originator's variables. There was no need to apply a conversion as original units were equivalent to the ones defined in BODC codes. Data were loaded into BODC's database using established data banking procedures.
| Originators' Parameter Name | Units | Description | BODC parameter code | Units |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| latitude | degrees | Latitude north (WGS84) by unspecified GPS system Method Global Positioning System (receiver type unspecified) | ALATGP01 | degrees |
| longitude | degrees | Longitude east (WGS84) by unspecified GPS system Method Global Positioning System (receiver type unspecified) | ALONGP01 | degrees |
| cond | S m-1 | Electrical conductivity of the water body by thermosalinograph | CNDCSG01 | S m-1 |
| psal | pss-78 | Practical salinity of the water body by thermosalinograph and computation using UNESCO 1983 algorithm and calibration against independent measurements | PSALSG01 | - |
| sound_vel | m s-1 | Sound velocity in the water body by thermosalinograph and computation from temperature and salinity by unspecified algorithm | SVELSG01 | m s-1 |
| fluor | µg l-1 | Concentration of chlorophyll-a {chl-a} per unit volume of the water body [particulate phase] by through-flow fluorometer plumbed into non-toxic supply and manufacturer's calibration applied | CPHLUMTF | mg m-3 |
| flow | l min-1 | Flow rate through instrument | INFLTF01 | l min-1 |
| sst | °c90 | Temperature of the water body by thermosalinograph and verification against independent measurements | TEMPSG01 | °C |
Navigation was checked using the NAVCHECK routine and speed fails were identified. The cycles were identified and flagged with the absent value flag (N). NAVINT was then used to interpolate data for these gaps and later confirmed that they were successfully applied. No other flags were applied to these channels.
During the transfer, several gaps were identified and an absent value flag (N) was assigned. The entire data set was screened using Edserplo and a M flags were applied to a spike in Chlorophyll and to a period of constant values at the start of the cruise. No other flags were applied.
Calibration
The data were fully processed and calibrated by the originator, no details of the calibrations are available. BODC did not apply any calibration procedures to this data set.
Quality control report
T flags were assigned to the interpolated values created with NAVINT, the corresponding cycles are: 1283 to 1289 and 31919 to 31944.
CPHLUMTF data were flagged due to a spike on cycle 1024. Several cycles at the beginning of the cruise (cycles 1 to 814) were also assigned an M flag, as they exhibited a constant value (0.24 mg m-3) for a prolonged period (about 13 hours long).
Project Information
DISCOVERY 2010
DISCOVERY 2010 will investigate and describe the response of an ocean ecosystem to climate variability, climate change and commercial exploitation. The programme builds on past studies by BAS on the detailed nature of the South Georgia marine ecosystem and its links with the large-scale physical and biological behaviour of the Southern Ocean.
The aim is to identify, quantify and model key interactions and processes on scales that range from microscopic life forms to higher predators (penguins, albatrosses, seals and whales), and from the local to the circumpolar.
Objectives
Assess the links between the status of local marine food webs and variability and change in the Southern Ocean. Develop a linked set of ecosystem models applying relevant marine physics and biology over scales from the local to that of the entire Southern Ocean.
Relevance to Global Science
Ocean ecosystems play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity, in depositing carbon into the deep ocean, and as a source of protein for humans. However, fishing and climate change are having significant and often detrimental effects. To predict the future state of ocean ecosystems we must develop computer models capable of simulating biological and physical processes on a range of scales from the local to an entire ocean. Developing such predictive models is crucial to the sustainable management of world fisheries and requires integrated analyses of the way whole ecosystems work. DISCOVERY 2010 aims to take this work forward and at the same time help manage the South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands maritime zone. We will do this through providing information on the state of the ecosystem to the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), the international body that manages sustainable fishing in the Southern Ocean.
Delivering the Results
DISCOVERY 2010 will undertake an integrated programme of shipboard and land-based field studies of the marine food web, combined with modelling. We will pay particular attention to critical phases in the life cycles of key species, and to examining interactive effects in food webs. Interacting biological and physical processes will be modelled across a range of spatial scales to significantly improve our representation of the ocean ecosystem, upon which sustainable management and the prediction of future climate change can be based. DISCOVERY 2010 will link to BIOFLAME, ACES, and COMPLEXITY, two international programmes, and to a collaborative programme with the University of East Anglia on the role of the Southern Ocean in the global carbon cycle.
Component Projects
- DISCOVERY-OEM: Ocean Ecosystems and Management
- DISCOVERY-FOOD-WEBS: Scotia Sea FOOD-WEBS
- DISCOVERY-FLEXICON: FLEXIbility and CONstraints in life histories
- DISCOVERY-CEMI: Circumpolar Ecosystems; Modelling and Integration
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Cruise
| Cruise Name | JR20061024 (JR156, JR161) |
| Departure Date | 2006-10-24 |
| Arrival Date | 2006-12-03 |
| Principal Scientist(s) | Rachael Shreeve (British Antarctic Survey) |
| Ship | RRS James Clark Ross |
Complete Cruise Metadata Report is available here
Fixed Station Information
No Fixed Station Information held for the Series
BODC Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
| Flag | Description |
|---|---|
| Blank | Unqualified |
| < | Below detection limit |
| > | In excess of quoted value |
| A | Taxonomic flag for affinis (aff.) |
| B | Beginning of CTD Down/Up Cast |
| C | Taxonomic flag for confer (cf.) |
| D | Thermometric depth |
| E | End of CTD Down/Up Cast |
| G | Non-taxonomic biological characteristic uncertainty |
| H | Extrapolated value |
| I | Taxonomic flag for single species (sp.) |
| K | Improbable value - unknown quality control source |
| L | Improbable value - originator's quality control |
| M | Improbable value - BODC quality control |
| N | Null value |
| O | Improbable value - user quality control |
| P | Trace/calm |
| Q | Indeterminate |
| R | Replacement value |
| S | Estimated value |
| T | Interpolated value |
| U | Uncalibrated |
| W | Control value |
| X | Excessive difference |
