Metadata Report for BODC Series Reference Number 1248631

Metadata Summary
Problem Reports
Data Access Policy
Narrative Documents
Project Information
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Fixed Station Information
BODC Quality Flags
SeaDataNet Quality Flags

Metadata Summary

Data Description

Data Category

Water sample data

Instrument Type

Name	Categories
Niskin bottle	discrete water samplers

Instrument Mounting

lowered unmanned submersible

Originating Country

United Kingdom

Originator

Mr Malcolm Woodward

Originating Organization

Plymouth Marine Laboratory

Processing Status

banked

Online delivery of data

Download available - Ocean Data View (ODV) format

Project(s)

UKSOLAS

Data Identifiers

Originator's Identifier	D338_CTD_NUTS_62:CTD_099
BODC Series Reference	1248631

Time Co-ordinates(UT)

Start Time (yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm)	2009-05-22 08:05
End Time (yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm)	-
Nominal Cycle Interval	-

Spatial Co-ordinates

Latitude	19.49224 N ( 19° 29.5' N )
Longitude	19.14291 W ( 19° 8.6' W )
Positional Uncertainty	Unspecified
Minimum Sensor or Sampling Depth	2.6 m
Maximum Sensor or Sampling Depth	499.9 m
Minimum Sensor or Sampling Height	2548.2 m
Maximum Sensor or Sampling Height	3045.5 m
Sea Floor Depth	3048.1 m
Sea Floor Depth Source	-
Sensor or Sampling Distribution	Unspecified -
Sensor or Sampling Depth Datum	Unspecified -
Sea Floor Depth Datum	Instantaneous - Depth measured below water line or instantaneous water body surface

Parameters

BODC CODE	Rank	Units	Title
ADEPZZ01	1	Metres	Depth (spatial coordinate) relative to water surface in the water body
AMONAATX	1	Micromoles per litre	Concentration of ammonium {NH4+ CAS 14798-03-9} per unit volume of the water body [dissolved plus reactive particulate phase] by colorimetric autoanalysis
BOTTFLAG	1	Not applicable	Sampling process quality flag (BODC C22)
FIRSEQID	1	Dimensionless	Bottle firing sequence number
NTRIAATX	1	Micromoles per litre	Concentration of nitrite {NO2- CAS 14797-65-0} per unit volume of the water body [dissolved plus reactive particulate phase] by colorimetric autoanalysis
NTRZAATX	1	Micromoles per litre	Concentration of nitrate+nitrite {NO3+NO2} per unit volume of the water body [dissolved plus reactive particulate phase] by colorimetric autoanalysis
PHOSAATX	1	Micromoles per litre	Concentration of phosphate {PO43- CAS 14265-44-2} per unit volume of the water body [dissolved plus reactive particulate phase] by colorimetric autoanalysis
ROSPOSID	1	Dimensionless	Bottle rosette position identifier
SAMPRFNM	1	Dimensionless	Sample reference number
SLCAAATX	1	Micromoles per litre	Concentration of silicate {SiO44- CAS 17181-37-2} per unit volume of the water body [dissolved plus reactive particulate phase] by colorimetric autoanalysis

Definition of BOTTFLAG

BOTTFLAG	Definition
0	The sampling event occurred without any incident being reported to BODC.
1	The filter in an in-situ sampling pump physically ruptured during sample resulting in an unquantifiable loss of sampled material.
2	Analytical evidence (e.g. surface water salinity measured on a sample collected at depth) indicates that the water sample has been contaminated by water from depths other than the depths of sampling.
3	The feedback indicator on the deck unit reported that the bottle closure command had failed. General Oceanics deck units used on NERC vessels in the 80s and 90s were renowned for reporting misfires when the bottle had been closed. This flag is also suitable for when a trigger command is mistakenly sent to a bottle that has previously been fired.
4	During the sampling deployment the bottle was fired in an order other than incrementing rosette position. Indicative of the potential for errors in the assignment of bottle firing depth, especially with General Oceanics rosettes.
5	Water was reported to be escaping from the bottle as the rosette was being recovered.
6	The bottle seals were observed to be incorrectly seated and the bottle was only part full of water on recovery.
7	Either the bottle was found to contain no sample on recovery or there was no bottle fitted to the rosette position fired (but SBE35 record may exist).
8	There is reason to doubt the accuracy of the sampling depth associated with the sample.
9	The bottle air vent had not been closed prior to deployment giving rise to a risk of sample contamination through leakage.

Definition of Rank
Rank 1 is a one-dimensional parameter Rank 2 is a two-dimensional parameter Rank 0 is a one-dimensional parameter describing the second dimension of a two-dimensional parameter (e.g. bin depths for moored ADCP data)

Problem Reports

No Problem Report Found in the Database

Data Access Policy

Open Data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)

You must always use the following attribution statement to acknowledge the source of the information: "Contains data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council."

Narrative Documents

Niskin Bottle

The Niskin bottle is a device used by oceanographers to collect subsurface seawater samples. It is a plastic bottle with caps and rubber seals at each end and is deployed with the caps held open, allowing free-flushing of the bottle as it moves through the water column.

Standard Niskin

The standard version of the bottle includes a plastic-coated metal spring or elastic cord running through the interior of the bottle that joins the two caps, and the caps are held open against the spring by plastic lanyards. When the bottle reaches the desired depth the lanyards are released by a pressure-actuated switch, command signal or messenger weight and the caps are forced shut and sealed, trapping the seawater sample.

Lever Action Niskin

The Lever Action Niskin Bottle differs from the standard version, in that the caps are held open during deployment by externally mounted stainless steel springs rather than an internal spring or cord. Lever Action Niskins are recommended for applications where a completely clear sample chamber is critical or for use in deep cold water.

Clean Sampling

A modified version of the standard Niskin bottle has been developed for clean sampling. This is teflon-coated and uses a latex cord to close the caps rather than a metal spring. The clean version of the Levered Action Niskin bottle is also teflon-coated and uses epoxy covered springs in place of the stainless steel springs. These bottles are specifically designed to minimise metal contamination when sampling trace metals.

Deployment

Bottles may be deployed singly clamped to a wire or in groups of up to 48 on a rosette. Standard bottles and Lever Action bottles have a capacity between 1.7 and 30 L. Reversing thermometers may be attached to a spring-loaded disk that rotates through 180° on bottle closure.

Inorganic nutrients concentrations (micromolar sensitivity nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, silicate and ammonium) for UK SOLAS cruise Discovery D338 (ICON)

Originator's Data Acquisition and Analysis

Water samples were collected from 60 of the CTD deployments. The 20-litre CTD bottles were subsampled into acid washed 60 ml HDPE (Nalgene) bottles. Surface samples were also taken from the trace metal clean fish deployed over the starboard quarter whenever a mapping exercise of an upwelling filament was carried out. Hence nutrients surface mapping was not performed throughout the duration of the cruise.

Analysis for the nutrient samples was, in most cases, complete within 3-4 hours of sampling. No samples were stored. Analysis was conducted using a Bran and Luebbe AAIII segmented flow colorimetric autoanalyser. Clean handling techniques were employed to avoid any contamination of the samples, particularly ammonium.

BODC Data Processing Procedures

Nutrients data from CTD, underway and incubation sampling were received by BODC as one accession in three separate files: CTD_nutrients_ICON_09.xls,ICON_09_All_Underway_Final.xls, and ICON_09_All_Photo_OX_Final.xls. For profile data, the samples were identified by CTD cast number and approximate bottle firing depth. For underway data sample identifiers and date and time were provided.

Parameter codes defined in the BODC parameter dictionary were mapped to the variables as follows:

Originator's Parameter	Units	Description	BODC Parameter Code	Units	Comments
Nitrite	µmol 1^-1	Concentration of nitrite per unit volume of seawater	NTRIAATX	µmol l^-1	none
Nitrite+Nitrate	µmol l^-1	Concentration of nitrate per unit volume of seawater	NTRZAATX	µmol l^-1	none
Ammonium	µmol l^-1	Concentration of ammonium per unit volume of seawater	AMONAATX	µmol l^-1	none
Silicate	µmol l^-1	Concentration of silicate per unit volume of seawater	SLCAAATX	µmol l^-1	none
Phosphate	µmol l^-1	Concentration of phosphate per unit volume of seawater	PHOSAATX	µmol l^-1	none

The data were banked according to BODC standard procedures for sample data. The data were banked as received, with no averaging or other modifications applied.

Data Quality Report

The quality and accuracy of the analyses of nitrate, phosphate and silicate were checked by the originator using reference materials supplied by Dr Michio Aoyama from the KANSO company in Japan. These reference materials are close to being globally certified and the exercise was part of a global initiative for a nutrient intercomparability study.

Data values which were indicated as below detection limit or suspect by the originator have been flagged using the appropriate flag in the BODC quality flag scheme.

Project Information

UK Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study

The UK Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (UK SOLAS) is the UK's contribution to the international SOLAS programme.

UK SOLAS formed interdisciplinary teams to address three primary aims

To determine the mechanisms controlling rates of chemical transfer and improve estimates of chemical exchanges
To evaluate the impact of these exchanges on the biogeochemistry of the surface ocean and lower atmosphere and on feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere
To quantify the impacts of these boundary layer processes on the global climate system

UK SOLAS started in 2003, to run for seven years. The programme was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council.

Funded projects

In total, 19 projects have been funded by UK SOLAS, over four funding rounds.

Project Title	Short Title	Principal Investigator
Impact of atmospheric dust derived material and nutrient inputs on near-surface plankton microbiota in the tropical North Atlantic	Dust	Eric Achterberg
The role and effects of photoprotective compounds in marine plankton	-	Steve Archer
Field observations of sea spray, gas fluxes and whitecaps	SEASAW	Ian Brooks
Factors influencing the biogeochemistry of iodine in the marine environment	-	Lucy Carpenter
Global model of aerosol processes - effects of aerosol in the marine atmospheric boundary layer	GLOMAP	Ken Carslaw
Ecological controls on fluxes of dimethyl sulphide (DMS) to the atmosphere	-	David Green
Dust outflow and deposition to the ocean	DODO	Ellie Highwood
Investigation of near surface production of iodocarbons - rates and exchanges	INSPIRE	Gill Malin
Reactive halogens in the marine boundary layer	RHaMBLe	Gordon McFiggans
The role of bacterioneuston in determining trace gas exchange rates	-	Colin Murrell
Measuring methanol in sea water and investigating its sources and sinks in the marine environment	-	Phil Nightingale
The impact of coastal upwellings on air-sea exchange of climatically important gases	ICON	Carol Robinson
The Deep Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment	DOGEE	Rob Upstill-Goddard
High wind air-sea exchanges	HiWASE	Margaret Yelland
Aerosol characterisation and modelling in the marine environment	ACMME	James Allan
3D simulation of dimethyl sulphide (DMS) in the north east Atlantic	-	Icarus Allen
Processes affecting the chemistry and bioavailability of dust borne iron	-	Michael Krom
The chemical structure of the lowermost atmosphere	-	Alastair Lewis
Factors influencing the oxidative chemistry of the marine boundary layer	-	Paul Monks

UK SOLAS has also supported ten tied studentships, and two CASE studentships.

Fieldwork

UK SOLAS fieldwork has included eight dedicated research cruises in the North Atlantic Ocean. Continuous measurements were made aboard aboard the Norwegian weather ship, Polarfront, until her decommission in 2009. Time series have been established at the SOLAS Cape Verde Observatory, and at the Plymouth Marine Laboratory L4 station. Experiments have taken place at the Bergen mesocosm facility.

A series of collaborative aircraft campaigns have added complementary atmospheric data. These campaigns were funded by UK SOLAS, African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA-UK), Dust and Biomass Experiment (DABEX) and the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM).

Weblink: http://www.nerc.ac.uk/research/programmes/solas/

Data Activity or Cruise Information

Data Activity

Start Date (yyyy-mm-dd)	2009-05-22
End Date (yyyy-mm-dd)	2009-05-22
Organization Undertaking Activity	University of East Anglia School of Environmental Sciences
Country of Organization	United Kingdom
Originator's Data Activity Identifier	D338_CTD_CTD_099
Platform Category	lowered unmanned submersible

BODC Sample Metadata Report for D338_CTD_CTD_099

Sample reference number	Nominal collection volume(l)	Bottle rosette position	Bottle firing sequence number	Minimum pressure sampled (dbar)	Maximum pressure sampled (dbar)	Depth of sampling point (m)	Bottle type	Sample quality flag

207299	20.00	1	1	503.40	503.70	499.90	Niskin bottle	No problem reported
207300	10.00	2	2	503.30	503.90	499.90	Niskin bottle	No problem reported
207301	20.00	3	3	403.50	404.10	401.00	Niskin bottle	No problem reported
207302	20.00	4	4	403.10	404.00	400.70	Niskin bottle	No problem reported
207303	20.00	5	5	352.60	353.10	350.40	Niskin bottle	No problem reported
207304	20.00	6	6	352.70	353.40	350.60	Niskin bottle	No problem reported
207305	20.00	7	7	302.40	303.00	300.60	Niskin bottle	No problem reported
207306	20.00	8	8	302.40	302.70	300.50	Niskin bottle	No problem reported
207307	20.00	9	9	202.00	202.30	200.80	Niskin bottle	No problem reported
207308	20.00	10	10	202.10	202.30	200.90	Niskin bottle	No problem reported
207309	20.00	11	11	151.60	152.10	150.90	Niskin bottle	No problem reported
207310	20.00	12	12	151.60	151.90	150.80	Niskin bottle	No problem reported
207311	20.00	13	13	101.40	101.80	101.00	Niskin bottle	No problem reported
207312	20.00	14	14	101.30	102.00	101.00	Niskin bottle	No problem reported
207313	20.00	15	15	71.30	71.50	71.00	Niskin bottle	No problem reported
207314	20.00	16	16	71.10	71.70	71.00	Niskin bottle	No problem reported
207315	20.00	17	17	51.10	51.40	50.90	Niskin bottle	No problem reported
207316	20.00	18	18	51.10	51.50	51.00	Niskin bottle	No problem reported
207317	10.00	19	19	26.00	26.20	25.90	Niskin bottle	No problem reported
207318	20.00	20	20	25.90	26.30	25.90	Niskin bottle	No problem reported
207319	20.00	21	21	5.70	6.30	6.00	Niskin bottle	No problem reported
207320	20.00	22	22	5.50	6.50	6.00	Niskin bottle	No problem reported
207321	20.00	23	23	1.90	3.40	2.60	Niskin bottle	No problem reported
207322	20.00	24	24	2.10	3.20	2.60	Niskin bottle	No problem reported

Please note:the supplied parameters may not have been sampled from all the bottle firings described in the table above. Cross-match the Sample Reference Number above against the SAMPRFNM value in the data file to identify the relevant metadata.

Related Data Activity activities are detailed in Appendix 1

Cruise

Cruise Name	D338
Departure Date	2009-04-15
Arrival Date	2009-05-27
Principal Scientist(s)	Carol Robinson (University of East Anglia School of Environmental Sciences)
Ship	RRS Discovery

Complete Cruise Metadata Report is available here

Fixed Station Information

No Fixed Station Information held for the Series

BODC Quality Control Flags

The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:

Flag	Description
Blank	Unqualified
<	Below detection limit
>	In excess of quoted value
A	Taxonomic flag for affinis (aff.)
B	Beginning of CTD Down/Up Cast
C	Taxonomic flag for confer (cf.)
D	Thermometric depth
E	End of CTD Down/Up Cast
G	Non-taxonomic biological characteristic uncertainty
H	Extrapolated value
I	Taxonomic flag for single species (sp.)
K	Improbable value - unknown quality control source
L	Improbable value - originator's quality control
M	Improbable value - BODC quality control
N	Null value
O	Improbable value - user quality control
P	Trace/calm
Q	Indeterminate
R	Replacement value
S	Estimated value
T	Interpolated value
U	Uncalibrated
W	Control value
X	Excessive difference

SeaDataNet Quality Control Flags