Metadata Report for BODC Series Reference Number 699441
Metadata Summary
Problem Reports
Data Access Policy
Narrative Documents
Project Information
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Fixed Station Information
BODC Quality Flags
Metadata Summary
Data Description |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data Identifiers |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Time Co-ordinates(UT) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Spatial Co-ordinates | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parameters |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Problem Reports
No Problem Report Found in the Database
Data Access Policy
Public domain data
These data have no specific confidentiality restrictions for users. However, users must acknowledge data sources as it is not ethical to publish data without proper attribution. Any publication or other output resulting from usage of the data should include an acknowledgment.
The recommended acknowledgment is
"This study uses data from the data source/organisation/programme, provided by the British Oceanographic Data Centre and funded by the funding body."
Narrative Documents
Sea-Bird SBE 37-SMP MicroCAT
The SBE 37-SMP MicroCAT is a high accuracy conductivity and temperature recorder (pressure optional) with Serial interface, internal battery, non-volatile FLASH Memory and integral Pump. The Integral Pump runs for 1 second each time the MicroCAT samples, improving the conductivity response and giving improved anti-foul protection.
Designed for moorings and other long-duration, fixed-site deployments, MicroCATs have non-corroding titanium housings rated for operation to 7000 meters or pressure sensor full scale-range. Communication with the MicroCAT is over an internal, 3-wire, RS-232C link. The MicroCAT's aged and pressure-protected thermistor has a long history of exceptional accuracy and stability (typical drift is less than 0.002°C per year). Electrical isolation of the conductivity electronics eliminates any possibility of ground-loop noise.
Specifications
| Temperature (°C) | Conductivity (S/m) | Optional Pressure | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Measurement Range | -5 to +35 | 0 to 7 (0 to 70 mS/cm) | 0 to full scale range: 20 / 100 / 350 / 600 / 1000 / 2000 / 3500 / 7000 metres |
| Initial accuracy | 0.002 | 0.0003 | 0.1% of full scale range |
| Typical Stability | 0.0002 | 0.0003 | 0.05% of full scale range |
| Resolution | 0.0001 | 0.00001 | 0.002% of full scale range |
| Data Storage | Temperature and conductivity: 6 bytes per sample Time: 4 bytes per sample Pressure (optional): 5 bytes per sample | ||
| Clock stability | 5 seconds per month | ||
| Standard Internal Batteries | Nominal 10.6 Ampere-hour pack consisting of twelve AA lithium batteries. Provides sufficient capacity for more than 100,000 samples for a typical sampling scheme | ||
| Housing | Titanium pressure case rated at 7000 metres | ||
| Weight (without pressure) | In water: 3kg In air: 5kg | ||
Further information can be found via the following link: Sea-Bird SBE 37-SMP MicroCAT Datasheet
RAPIDMOC Calibration Coefficients: Series 699441
| BODC Series identifier | 699441 |
|---|---|
| Instrument Serial number | 3486 |
| Deployment cruise | PO319 |
| Recovery cruise | CD170 |
Processing Log
| Variable | pre-cruise | post-cruise |
|---|---|---|
| Conductivity [mS/cm] | NaN | -0.0043 |
| Temperature [°C] | NaN | -0.0005 |
| Pressure [dbar] | NaN | -6.3000 |
Post cruise coefficients were applied as constant offsets.
Pressure drift removal? n
Conductivity pressure correction redone? n
Skipped conductivity intervals: [0]
Skipped temperature intervals : [0]
Skipped pressure intervals : [0]
Number of additional C points skipped interactively: [0]
Number of additional C points skipped automatically: [0]
RAPIDMOC/MOCHA Sea-Bird MicroCAT data processing document
This document outlines the procedures undertaken to process and quality assure the MicroCAT data collected under the RAPIDMOC and MOCHA projects.
Originator's processing
The raw data are downloaded from the instrument and converted to ASCII format. All processing is performed in Matlab.
Calculating calibration coefficients
Prior to deployment and on recovery, a CTD dip is performed with the MicroCATs strapped onto the CTD frame. This allows calibration of the MicroCAT data by comparing the MicroCAT data with the CTD data. As the MicroCATs adjustment is much slower than the CTD, data are only compared during bottle stops and after the sensors have adjusted. Bottle stops on these calibration dips last no less than 5 minutes.
Any discrepancy between the MicroCAT clock and the CTD clock is calculated and corrected if necessary.
An average offset (MicroCAT - CTD) is calculated for temperature, conductivity and pressure during the stable period of each bottle stop and interpolated onto the instrument deployment depths. For temperature and conductivity, an average of the offsets derived during the bottle stops is calculated for a specified pressure range where the data are stable (deep water). For pressure, the average offset interpolated to the deployment depth is used. If the calibration dip is shallower than the deployment depth, the offset is extrapolated to the deployment depth.
All the offsets are visually checked and adjusted if necessary.
Applying calibrations
The data are calibrated using the pre and post deployment calibration coefficients. The calibration can be applied as either
- A linear trend between the pre and post deployment coefficients
- A constant offset using the pre deployment coefficient
- A constant offset using the post deployment coefficient
- A constant offset using an average of the pre and post deployment coefficients
- A general linear trend using either the pre or post deployment coefficient
If required, a conductivity pressure correction can be applied. This is used if the pressure channel shows spurious data in a particular time interval. A drift in the pressure data can also be removed.
To aid the quality of the calibration, data from CTD casts performed near mooring locations on previous cruises are used as a reference and are visually compared with the MicroCAT data.
Quality control
All variables in specified time intervals can be set to dummy values if the data are suspect and it is also possible to apply an offset to a subsection of a particular channel, if required. Interactive despiking can be carried out on the temperature and conductivity data, if present, by selecting data based on a T-S plot. Automatic despiking can also be performed using the option to exclude data outside the 6σ area.
The last stage of the processing is to grid the data onto a pressure field and visually check against historical data. This enables the calibrations to be checked and adjusted if necessary. On occasion, comparison of the time series with historical data and series from nearby instruments highlights the need for removal of a drift from one or more data channels. This is accomplished by removing a linear trend from the appropriate channel(s) and may affect the entire series or a subsection thereof. If a trend has been removed it will be noted in the 'RAPIDMOC Calibration Coefficients' section of the documentation.
BODC processing
Data are received after quality checks have been made and calibrations have been applied. The data files are submitted in ASCII format as one file per instrument.
Once the submitted data files are safely archived, the data undergo reformatting and banking procedures:
-
The data files are transferred into a common format, a NetCDF subset.
-
Standard parameter codes are assigned that accurately describe the data (see Parameter mapping section below).
-
Unit conversions are applied, if necessary, so that units are standardised (see Parameter mapping section below).
-
Salinity is derived using UNESCO 1983 polynomial.
-
The data are screened visually and any spikes or instrument malfunctions can be clearly labelled with quality control flags.
-
Comprehensive documentation is prepared describing the collection, processing and quality of each data series.
-
Detailed metadata and documents are loaded to the database and linked to each series so that the information is readily available to future users.
Parameter mapping
The following describes the parameters contained in the originator's files and their mapping to BODC parameter codes:
| Identifier | Unit | Definition | BODC parameter code | Units | Unit conversion | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| YY | year | Year | AADYAA01 | days | - | Combined with MM and DD to form a date and transferred |
| MM | month | Month | AADYAA01 | days | - | Combined with MM and DD to form a date and transferred |
| DD | day | Day | AADYAA01 | days | - | Combined with MM and DD to form a date and transferred |
| HH | hour | Decimal hours | AAFDZZ01 | days | /24 | Transferred |
| P | decibar | Pressure | PREXMCAT | decibars | - | Transferred |
| T | °C | Temperature (IPTS-90) | TEMPPR01 | °C | - | Transferred |
| C | mS/cm | Conductivity | CNDCPR01 | S/m | /10 | Transferred |
Parameter derivation
The following describes the parameters derived by BODC and their mapping to BODC parameter codes:
| BODC parameter code | Units | Variables | Definition | Units | Equation | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSALPR01 | dimensionless | PREXMCAT TEMPPR01 CNDCPR01 | Pressure Temperature Conductivity | decibars °C S/m | UNESCO 1983 polynomial for salinity | - |
Project Information
Rapid Climate Change (RAPID) Programme
Rapid Climate Change (RAPID) is a £20 million, six-year (2001-2007) programme of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). The programme aims to improve our ability to quantify the probability and magnitude of future rapid change in climate, with a main (but not exclusive) focus on the role of the Atlantic Ocean's Thermohaline Circulation.
Scientific Objectives
- To establish a pre-operational prototype system to continuously observe the strength and structure of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC).
- To support long-term direct observations of water, heat, salt, and ice transports at critical locations in the northern North Atlantic, to quantify the atmospheric and other (e.g. river run-off, ice sheet discharge) forcing of these transports, and to perform process studies of ocean mixing at northern high latitudes.
- To construct well-calibrated and time-resolved palaeo data records of past climate change, including error estimates, with a particular emphasis on the quantification of the timing and magnitude of rapid change at annual to centennial time-scales.
- To develop and use high-resolution physical models to synthesise observational data.
- To apply a hierarchy of modelling approaches to understand the processes that connect changes in ocean convection and its atmospheric forcing to the large-scale transports relevant to the modulation of climate.
- To understand, using model experimentation and data (palaeo and present day), the atmosphere's response to large changes in Atlantic northward heat transport, in particular changes in storm tracks, storm frequency, storm strengths, and energy and moisture transports.
- To use both instrumental and palaeo data for the quantitative testing of models' abilities to reproduce climate variability and rapid changes on annual to centennial time-scales. To explore the extent to which these data can provide direct information about the thermohaline circulation (THC) and other possible rapid changes in the climate system and their impact.
- To quantify the probability and magnitude of potential future rapid climate change, and the uncertainties in these estimates.
Projects
Overall 38 projects have been funded by the RAPID programme. These include 4 which focus on Monitoring the Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC), and 5 international projects jointly funded by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, the Research Council of Norway and NERC.
The RAPID effort to design a system to continuously monitor the strength and structure of the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation is being matched by comparative funding from the US National Science Foundation (NSF) for collaborative projects reviewed jointly with the NERC proposals. Three projects were funded by NSF.
A proportion of RAPID funding as been made available for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) as part of NERC's Small Business Research Initiative (SBRI). The SBRI aims to stimulate innovation in the economy by encouraging more high-tech small firms to start up or to develop new research capacities. As a result 4 projects have been funded.
Monitoring the Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26.5N (RAPIDMOC)
Scientific Rationale
There is a northward transport of heat throughout the Atlantic, reaching a maximum of 1.3PW (25% of the global heat flux) around 24.5°N. The heat transport is a balance of the northward flux of a warm Gulf Stream, and a southward flux of cooler thermocline and cold North Atlantic Deep Water that is known as the meridional overturning circulation (MOC). As a consequence of the MOC northwest Europe enjoys a mild climate for its latitude: however abrupt rearrangement of the Atlantic Circulation has been shown in climate models and in palaeoclimate records to be responsible for a cooling of European climate of between 5-10°C. A principal objective of the RAPID programme is the development of a pre-operational prototype system that will continuously observe the strength and structure of the MOC. An initiative has been formed to fulfill this objective and consists of three interlinked projects:
- A mooring array spanning the Atlantic at 26.5°N to measure the southward branch of the MOC (Hirschi et al., 2003 and Baehr et al., 2004).
- Additional moorings deployed in the western boundary along 26.5°N (by Prof. Bill Johns, University of Miami) to resolve transport in the Deep Western Boundary Current (Bryden et al., 2005). These moorings allow surface-to-bottom density profiles along the western boundary, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and eastern boundary to be observed. As a result, the transatlantic pressure gradient can be continuously measured.
- Monitoring of the northward branch of the MOC using submarine telephone cables in the Florida Straits (Baringer et al., 2001) led by Dr Molly Baringer (NOAA/AOML/PHOD).
The entire monitoring array system created by the three projects will be recovered and redeployed annually until 2008 under RAPID funding. From 2008 until 2014 the array will continue to be serviced annually under RAPID-WATCH funding.
The array will be focussed on three regions, the Eastern Boundary (EB), the Mid Atlantic Ridge (MAR) and the Western Boundary (WB). The geographical extent of these regions are as follows:
- Eastern Boundary (EB) array defined as a box with the south-east corner at 23.5°N, 25.5°W and the north-west corner at 29.0°N, 12.0°W
- Mid Atlantic Ridge (MAR) array defined as a box with the south-east corner at 23.0°N, 52.1°W and the north-west corner at 26.5°N, 40.0°W
- Western Boundary (WB) array defined as a box with the south-east corner at 26.0°N, 77.5°W and the north-west corner at 27.5°N, 69.5°W
References
Baehr, J., Hirschi, J., Beismann, J.O. and Marotzke, J. (2004) Monitoring the meridional overturning circulation in the North Atlantic: A model-based array design study. Journal of Marine Research, Volume 62, No 3, pp 283-312.
Baringer, M.O'N. and Larsen, J.C. (2001) Sixteen years of Florida Current transport at 27N Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 28, No 16, pp3179-3182
Bryden, H.L., Johns, W.E. and Saunders, P.M. (2005) Deep Western Boundary Current East of Abaco: Mean structure and transport. Journal of Marine Research, Volume 63, No 1, pp 35-57.
Hirschi, J., Baehr, J., Marotzke J., Stark J., Cunningham S.A. and Beismann J.O. (2003) A monitoring design for the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 30, No 7, article number 1413 (DOI 10.1029/2002GL016776)
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Data Activity
| Start Date (yyyy-mm-dd) | 2004-12-11 |
| End Date (yyyy-mm-dd) | 2005-04-06 |
| Organization Undertaking Activity | Southampton Oceanography Centre (now National Oceanography Centre, Southampton) |
| Country of Organization | United Kingdom |
| Originator's Data Activity Identifier | EB2#2 |
| Platform Category | subsurface mooring |
RAPID Moored Instrument Rig EB2#2
This rig was deployed as part of the Eastern Boundary (EB) array of the RAPIDMOC project.
| Deployment cruise | FS Poseidon cruise PO319 |
|---|---|
| Recovery cruise | RRS Charles Darwin cruise CD170 |
The rig was anchored and kept erect by a 40" steel sub-surface float with Argos beacon and supplemented by groups of smaller buoyancy attached along the mooring.
Instruments deployed on the rig
| Depth | Instrument |
|---|---|
| 89m | Sea-Bird SBE37 SMP MicroCAT (#3481) |
| 100m | Aanderaa RCM11 (#307) |
| 166m | Sea-Bird SBE37 SMP MicroCAT (#3483) |
| 500m | Aanderaa RCM11 (#309) |
| 1037m | Sea-Bird SBE37 SMP MicroCAT (#3484) |
| 1500m | Aanderaa RCM11 (#310) |
| 2131m | Sea-Bird SBE37 SMP MicroCAT (#3486) |
| 2800m | InterOcean S4AD current meter (#35612574) |
| 3490m | Sea-Bird SBE37 SMP MicroCAT (#3488) |
The deepest instrument (Sea-Bird SBE37 SMP MicroCAT #3488) was lost.
Other Series linked to this Data Activity - 699416 699404 699428
Fixed Station Information
Fixed Station Information
| Station Name | Eastern Boundary Array |
| Category | Offshore area |
| Latitude | 25° 51.60' N |
| Longitude | 18° 43.98' W |
| Water depth below MSL |
RAPIDMOC Eastern Boundary (EB) Array
The Eastern Boundary Array defines a box in which moorings are deployed at the eastern side of the North Atlantic as part of the RAPIDMOC project. The box region has latitudinal limits of 23.5° N to 29° N and longitudinal limits of 12° W to 25.5° W. Moorings have occupied this region since 2004 and are typically deployed for 6 to 18 months.
Moored data summary
A description of the data types can be found at the bottom of this document.
| Year | Cruise ID | Number of moorings | Data types (number of instruments) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | D277, PO319 | 11 | BPR (7), CM (10), MCTD (32) |
| 2005 | CD170,CD177 | 15 | ADCP (1), BPR (4), CM (4), MCTD (71), IES (2), MMP (1) |
| 2006 | D304, PO343, PO345 | 24 | BPR (6), CM (4), MCTD (78), MMP (1) |
| 2007 | D324 | 13 | BPR (3), MCTD (53), IES (2) |
| 2008 | D334 | 14 | BPR (3), CM (2), MCTD (44), IES (1) |
| 2009 | D344 | 14 | BPR (4), CM (2), MCTD (44) |
| 2011 | D359, JC064 | 22 | BPR (12), CM (18), MCTD (80), IES (1) |
| 2012 | D382 | 9 | BPR (6), CM (10), MCTD (50) |
Cruise data summary
During the cruises to service the moored array, a variety of data types are collected. The table below is a summary of these data. The number of CTD profiles performed on these cruises within the box region defined above is also included. Trans-Atlantic hydrographic CTD sections have also been performed since 2004 and are included in the table.
| Cruise ID | Cruise description | Data types | Number of CTD profiles performed within the box region |
|---|---|---|---|
| D277 | Initial array deployment | MET, NAV, SADCP, SURF | - |
| D279 | Hydrographic section | CTD, DIS, LADCP, MET, NAV, SADCP, SURF | 21 |
| CD170 | Array service | BATH, CTD, DIS, MET, NAV, SADCP, SURF | 4 |
| CD177 | Array service | BATH, CTD, DIS, MET, NAV, SADCP, SURF | 6 |
| D304 | Array service | CTD, DIS, MET, NAV, SADCP, SURF | 8 |
| PO343 | Array service | CTD, DIS, MET, NAV, SADCP, SURF | 5 |
| PO345 | Array service | CTD, DIS, MET, NAV, SADCP, SURF | 4 |
| D324 | Array service | CTD, DIS, MET, NAV, SADCP, SURF | 5 |
| D334 | Array service | CTD, DIS, MET, NAV, SADCP, SURF | 15 |
| D344 | Array service | CTD, DIS, MET, NAV, SADCP, SURF | 5 |
| D346 | Hydrographic section | CTD, DIS, LADCP, MET, NAV, SADCP, SURF | 22 |
| D359 | Array service | CTD, DIS, MET, NAV, SADCP, SURF | 4 |
| JC064 | Array service | CTD, DIS, MET, NAV, SADCP, SURF | 5 |
| D382 | Array service | CTD, DIS, MET, NAV, SADCP, SURF | 5 |
Data type ID and description
| Data type ID | Description |
|---|---|
| ADCP | Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler |
| BATH | Bathymetry |
| BPR | Bottom Pressure Recorder |
| CM | Current Meter |
| CTD | Conductivity-Temperature-Depth profiler |
| DIS | Discrete water bottle samples |
| IES | Inverted Echo Sounder |
| LADCP | Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler |
| MET | Meteorology |
| MCTD | Moored Conductivity-Temperature-Depth sensor |
| MMP | McLane Moored Profiler - profiling CTD and current meter |
| NAV | Navigation |
| SADCP | Shipborne Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler |
| SURF | Sea surface data |
Other Series linked to this Fixed Station - 696584 696596 696603 696615 696627 696639 696640 697852 697864 697876 697888 697907 697919 697920 697932 697944 697956 697968 697981 697993 698007 698019 698020 698032 698044 698056 698068 698081 698093 698100 698112 698124 698136 698148 698161 698173 698185 698197 698204 698216 698228 698241 698253 698265 698277 698289 698290 698308 698321 698333 698345 698357 698369 698498 698505 698517 698529 698530 698542 698554 698566 698578 698591 698609 698610 698622 698634 698646 698658 698671 698683 698695 698702 698714 698726 698738 698751 698763 699336 699348 699361 699373 699385 699397 699404 699416 699428 699453 699465 699477 699489 699490 699508 699521 699533 699545 699557 699569 699570 699582 699594 699601 699613 699625 699637 704334 704346 704358 704371 704383 704395 704402 704414 745524 745536 745548 745561 745573 745585 745597 745604 745616 745628 745641 745653 745665 745677 745689 745690 745708 745721 745733 745745 745757 745769 745770 745782 745794 745801 745813 745825 745837 745849 745850 745862 745874 745886 745898 745905 745917 745929 745930 745942 745954 745966 745978 745991 768756 768768 768781 768836 768848 770275 770287 770299 770306 770318 770331 770343 770355 770367 770379 770380 770681 770693 770700 770712 770724 770736 770748 770761 770797 770804 770816 770828 770841 770853 770865 770877 770889 770890 770908 770921 770933 770945 770957 770969 770970 770982 770994 771008 771021 771033 771045 771057 771069 771070 771082 771094 771101 771113 863206 863218 863231 863243 863255 863267 863279 863280 863292 863311 863323 863335 863347 863359 863360 863372 863384 863396 863403 863415 863427 863439 863440 863452 863464 863476 863488 863507 863519 863520 863532 863544 863556 863568 863581 863593 863600 863612 863624 863636 863648 863661 863673 863685 863697 863704 863716 863728 863741 863753 863765 864117 864129 945944 945956 946112 946124 946136 946148 946161 946173 946185 946197 972180 972192 972211 972223 972235 972247 972259 972260 972272 972284 972296 972303 972315 972327 972339 972340 972352 972364 972376 972388 972407 972419 972420 972432 972444 972456 972468 972481 972493 972500 972512 972524 972536 972548 972561 972573 972585 972597 972604 972616 972628 972641 1012508 1012521 1012533 1012545 1012557 1012569 1012570 1018092 1018111 1018123 1018135 1018147 1018159 1018160 1018172 1018184 1018196 1018203 1018215 1018227 1018239 1018240 1018252 1018264 1018276 1018288 1018307 1018319 1018320 1066383 1066395 1066402 1068630 1068642 1068654 1068666 1068678 1068691 1092365 1092377 1092389 1092390 1092408 1092421 1092433 1092445 1092457 1092469 1092470 1092482 1092494 1092501 1092513 1092525 1092537 1092549 1092550 1092562 1092574 1092586 1092598 1092605 1092617 1092629 1092630 1092642 1092654 1092666 1092678 1092691 1092709 1092710 1092722 1092734 1092746 1093172 1096194 1096201 1096213 1096225 1096237 1096249 1096250 1096262 1096274 1096286 1096298 1096305 1096317 1096329 1096330 1096342 1096354 1096366 1096378 1096391 1096409 1096410 1096422 1096434 1096446 1096458 1096471 1096483 1096495 1096502 1096514 1096526 1096538 1096551 1096563 1096575 1096587 1096599 1096606 1096618 1112792 1112811 1112823 1112835 1112847 1113863 1113875 1113887 1113899 1133968 1133981 1133993 1134007 1134019 1134020 1134032 1134044 1134056 1134068 1134081 1134093 1134100 1134112 1134124 1134136 1134148 1134161 1134173 1134185 1134197 1134204 1134216 1134228 1134241 1134253 1134265 1134277 1134289 1134290 1134308 1134321 1134333 1134345 1134357 1134369 1134370 1134382 1134394 1134401 1134413 1137122 1137134 1137146 1137158 1137171
BODC Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
| Flag | Description |
|---|---|
| Blank | Unqualified |
| < | Below detection limit |
| > | In excess of quoted value |
| A | Taxonomic flag for affinis (aff.) |
| B | Beginning of CTD Down/Up Cast |
| C | Taxonomic flag for confer (cf.) |
| D | Thermometric depth |
| E | End of CTD Down/Up Cast |
| G | Non-taxonomic biological characteristic uncertainty |
| H | Extrapolated value |
| I | Taxonomic flag for single species (sp.) |
| K | Improbable value - unknown quality control source |
| L | Improbable value - originator's quality control |
| M | Improbable value - BODC quality control |
| N | Null value |
| O | Improbable value - user quality control |
| P | Trace/calm |
| Q | Indeterminate |
| R | Replacement value |
| S | Estimated value |
| T | Interpolated value |
| U | Uncalibrated |
| W | Control value |
| X | Excessive difference |
