Cruise inventory

RRS Discovery D299 (AMT17)

Cruise summary report

Cruise inventory

Cruise Info. 
Cruise period2005-10-15 — 2005-11-28
StatusCompleted
Port of departureGovan, United Kingdom
Port of returnPort Elizabeth, South Africa
PurposeResearch
ObjectivesThe Atlantic Meridional Transect Programme (AMT) is a UK National Environment Research Council (NERC) funded project which aims to quantify the nature and causes of ecological and biogeochemical variability in the planktonic ecosystems of the Atlantic Ocean, and the effects of this variability on the biological carbon pump and on air-sea exchange of radiatively active gases and aerosols. The programme continues a series of 12 bi-annual transect cruises between the UK (50degN) and the Falkland Islands (52degS) which took place between 1995 and 2000. The cruises measured hydrographic and bio-optical properties, plankton community structure and primary production. Six further cruises have taken place between 2003 and 2005, the first three between the UK and the Falklands and the second three between the UK and South Africa, to provide a unique decadal time series of spatially extensive observations on the structure and biogeochemical properties of planktonic ecosystems.
AMT 17 was the last cruise of the current series, and had a particular focus on the biological productivity and microbiology of the subtropical gyres. The cruise track ran to 40degW in the northern gyre, crossed the equator at 25degW, and then continued due south to 20degS before turning south east towards South Africa.
Chief scientistPatrick M Holligan (University of Southampton School of Ocean and Earth Science)
ProjectAtlantic Meridional Transect (AMT)
Coordinating bodyNERC/AMT Steering Committee
Cruise reportRRS Discovery D299 (AMT17) cruise report d299.pdf — access key 'C' (2.70 MB) 
Ocean/sea areas 
GeneralNorth Atlantic Ocean
South Atlantic Ocean
SpecificSouthern Atlantic, Equatorial Atlantic, Northern Atlantic
Measurements 
Physical oceanography 
Surface measurements underway (T,S)Quantity: activity duration in days = 39
Description: Continuous underway sampling from de-aerated non-toxic seawater system measuring temperature, salinity, fluorescence, backscatter at 530nm, acid labile backscatter at 530nm and absorption and attenuation at 9 wavelengths (412, 440, 488, 510, 555, 630, 650, 676 and 715 nm), alternating every 2 minutes between total and 0.2 um filtered. (Bruce Bowler).
Optics (eg underwater light levels)Quantity: number of profiles = 33
Description: VSF, 3 angle, 3 wavelength optical backscatter profiles (Gerald Moore).
Optics (eg underwater light levels)Quantity: number of profiles = 33
Description: Downwelling light with the spectral region 250-500nm, consequently UVA, UVB in water (Gerald Moore).
Optics (eg underwater light levels)Quantity: number of profiles = 33
Description: ac9 - 9 channel optical absorption and settling profiles (Gerald Moore).
Optics (eg underwater light levels)Quantity: number of profiles = 3
Description: Downwelling light and water reflectance by freefall optical probe (Gerald Moore).
Chemical oceanography 
OxygenQuantity: number of samples = 125
Description: Calibration samples taken from underway seawater system for O2/Ar, N2/O2, 17O/16O ratios (Jan Kaiser).
OxygenQuantity: number of stations = 28
Description: Water column depth profiles of gross production/net community production/dark community respiration via changes in dissolved oxygen concentrations (Niki Gist).
OxygenQuantity: track kilometres = 4000
Description: Underway dissolved oxygen (Gerald Moore).
OxygenQuantity: number of samples = 353
Description: In-situ oxygen samples for calibration of SBE O2 sensors on CTDs (Niki Gist).
OxygenQuantity: activity duration in days = 41
Description: Underway pCO2 measurements (Nick Pope).
OxygenQuantity: number of samples = 58
Description: Calibration samples for optode, measured by Winkler titration with photometric or potentiometric endpoint detection, taken from surface CTD samples for comparison with underway surface intake (Jan Kaiser).
OxygenQuantity: activity duration in days = 42
Description: Continuous O2 measurement by O2 optode (Aanderaa) every 10s (Jan Kaiser).
OxygenQuantity: activity duration in days = 42
Description: Membrane inlet mass spectrometry measurements of O2/N2/Ar/CO2 samples from underway surface intake (every 10s) (Jan Kaiser).
OxygenQuantity: number of samples = 175
Description: Calibration samples for optode, measured by Winkler titration with photometric or potentiometric endpoint detection, taken from underway surface intake (Jan Kaiser).
OxygenQuantity: number of samples = 21
Description: Calibration samples taken from CTD / Niskin bottles for O2/Ar, N2/O2, 17O/16O ratios (19 from surface, 2 deep) (Jan Kaiser).
Carbon dioxideQuantity: track kilometres = 2500
Description: Underway atmospheric and equilibrated carbon dioxide (Gerald Moore).
Carbon dioxideQuantity: activity duration in days = 41
Description: Underway pCO2 measurements (Nick Pope).
Other dissolved gasesQuantity: activity duration in days = 42
Description: Membrane inlet mass spectrometry measurements of O2/N2/Ar/CO2 samples from underway surface intake (every 10s) (Jan Kaiser).
Other dissolved gasesQuantity: number of samples = 125
Description: Calibration samples taken from underway seawater system for O2/Ar, N2/O2, 17O/16O ratios (Jan Kaiser).
Other dissolved gasesQuantity: number of samples = 21
Description: Calibration samples taken from CTD / Niskin bottles for O2/Ar, N2/O2, 17O/16O ratios (19 from surface, 2 deep) (Jan Kaiser).
PhosphateQuantity: number of measurements = 1400
Description: Micromolar and nanomolar phosphate from all successfully deployed CTDs for onboard analysis (Katie Chamberlain, Malcolm Woodward).
PhosphateQuantity: number of measurements = 800
Description: Micromolar and nanomolar phosphate, sample analysis required from bioassay group (Katie Chamberlain, Malcolm Woodward).
PhosphateQuantity: number of measurements = 300
Description: Micromolar phosphate sample analysis required by Xi Pan (Katie Chamberlain, Malcolm Woodward).
Total - PQuantity: number of experiments = 5
Description: To investigate the positive effects of P and/or Fe on diazotroph activity and the effects of NH4+ and NO3- on inhibiting diazotroph activity (Mark Moore, Dave Suggett, Matt Mills, Mike Lucas, Eric Achterberg).
Total - PQuantity: number of experiments = 5
Description: Nutrient addition bioassays to determine what nutrient (N, P, Fe) limits primary productivity and nitrogen fixation (Mark Moore, Dave Suggett, Matt Mills, Mike Lucas, Eric Achterberg).
NitrateQuantity: number of measurements = 800
Description: Micromolar and nanomolar nitrate, sample analysis required from bioassay group (Katie Chamberlain, Malcolm Woodward).
NitrateQuantity: number of measurements = 1400
Description: Micromolar and nanomolar nitrate from all successfully deployed CTDs for onboard analysis (Katie Chamberlain, Malcolm Woodward).
NitriteQuantity: number of measurements = 1400
Description: Micromolar and nanomolar nitrite from all successfully deployed CTDs for onboard analysis (Katie Chamberlain, Malcolm Woodward).
NitriteQuantity: number of measurements = 800
Description: Micromolar and nanomolar nitrite, sample analysis required from bioassay group (Katie Chamberlain, Malcolm Woodward).
Total - NQuantity: number of experiments = 5
Description: Nutrient addition bioassays to determine what nutrient (N, P, Fe) limits primary productivity and nitrogen fixation (Mark Moore, Dave Suggett, Matt Mills, Mike Lucas, Eric Achterberg).
AmmoniaQuantity: number of measurements = 700
Description: Nanomolar ammonia from all successfully deployed CTDs for onboard analysis (Katie Chamberlain, Malcolm Woodward).
AmmoniaQuantity: number of measurements = 400
Description: Nanomolar ammonium, sample analysis required from bioassay group (Katie Chamberlain, Malcolm Woodward).
SilicateQuantity: number of samples = 170
Description: Discrete filtered samples from the non-toxic seawater system for biogenic silica (Bruce Bowler).
SilicateQuantity: number of samples = 400
Description: Filtered samples from CTD casts for biogenic silica (Bruce Bowler).
SilicateQuantity: number of measurements = 700
Description: Micromolar silicate from all successfully deployed CTDs for onboard analysis (Katie Chamberlain, Malcolm Woodward).
AlkalinityQuantity: number of samples = 60
Description: Alkalinity samples collected for Andrew Dickson, SIO Marine Physical Laboratory, La Jolla, CA92037, USA (Nick Pope).
Trace elementsQuantity: number of experiments = 5
Description: Nutrient addition bioassays to determine what nutrient (N, P, Fe) limits primary productivity and nitrogen fixation (Mark Moore, Dave Suggett, Matt Mills, Mike Lucas, Eric Achterberg).
Trace elementsQuantity: number of stations = 60
Description: Horizontal dissolved iron profiles - analysis on-shore (Simon Ussher).
Trace elementsQuantity: number of stations = 10
Description: Dissolved Fe analysed for nutrient addition bioassays (Mark Moore, Dave Suggett, Matt Mills, Mike Lucas, Eric Achterberg).
Trace elementsQuantity: number of stations = 30
Description: Vertical dissolved iron profiles - analysis on-shore (Simon Ussher).
Trace elementsQuantity: number of experiments = 5
Description: To investigate the positive effects of P and/or Fe on diazotroph activity and the effects of NH4+ and NO3- on inhibiting diazotroph activity (Mark Moore, Dave Suggett, Matt Mills, Mike Lucas, Eric Achterberg).
IsotopesQuantity: number of samples = 125
Description: Calibration samples taken from underway seawater system for O2/Ar, N2/O2, 17O/16O ratios (Jan Kaiser).
IsotopesQuantity: number of stations = 10
Description: 15N2 - nitrogen fixation and 13C primary productivity water column profiles (size segregated <20um and whole water) (Mark Moore, Dave Suggett, Matt Mills, Mike Lucas, Eric Achterberg).
IsotopesQuantity: number of samples = 21
Description: Calibration samples taken from CTD / Niskin bottles for O2/Ar, N2/O2, 17O/16O ratios (19 from surface, 2 deep) (Jan Kaiser).
IsotopesQuantity: activity duration in days = 42
Description: Membrane inlet mass spectrometry measurements of O2/N2/Ar/CO2 samples from underway surface intake (every 10s) (Jan Kaiser).
Other chemical oceanographic measurementsQuantity: number of stations = 26
Description: Discrete samples at the 55% light depth for alkaline phosphatose and leucine amino peptidase activities. Samples collected from CTD Niskin bottles and incubated for 24 hours in an on-deck incubator. Measurements made with a TD-700 Turner Designs fluorometer. Turnover of fluorogenic substrates calculated as ?mol l-1 hr-1 (Rhiannon Mather).
Other chemical oceanographic measurementsQuantity: number of stations = 6
Description: 18 incubations at each station. Water concentrated on SPE column which will be analysed in the laboratory for Fe-biding ligands using HPLC ICP-MS and HPLC ESI-MS (Ed Mawji).
Other chemical oceanographic measurementsQuantity: number of stations = 15
Description: Samples taken for hemen analyses at NOC (Mark Moore, Dave Suggett, Matt Mills, Mike Lucas, Eric Achterberg).
Other chemical oceanographic measurementsQuantity: number of samples = 400
Description: Filtered samples from CTD casts for particulate inorganic carbon (Bruce Bowler).
Other chemical oceanographic measurementsQuantity: number of samples = 74
Description: Dissolved inorganic carbon 13/12 samples collected every degree of latitude from 45degN to 31degS (Nick Pope).
Other chemical oceanographic measurementsQuantity: number of samples = 170
Description: Discrete filtered samples from the non-toxic seawater system for particulate inorganic carbon (Bruce Bowler).
Biology and fisheries 
Primary productivityQuantity: number of stations = 3
Description: Measurements of calcification from full profiles of 4 depths (Tim Adey).
Primary productivityQuantity: number of stations = 20
Description: Fast repetition rate water column measurements of fluorescence yield and physiological variables (water column 10 depths); FIRe also (Mark Moore, Dave Suggett, Matt Mills, Mike Lucas, Eric Achterberg).
Primary productivityQuantity: number of stations = 20
Description: 14C primary productivity water column measurements (surface and DCM) (Mark Moore, Dave Suggett, Matt Mills, Mike Lucas, Eric Achterberg).
Primary productivityQuantity: number of stations = 10
Description: 15N2 - nitrogen fixation and 13C primary productivity water column profiles (size segregated <20um and whole water) (Mark Moore, Dave Suggett, Matt Mills, Mike Lucas, Eric Achterberg).
Primary productivityQuantity: number of samples = 23
Description: Measurements of calcifications from surface waters (Tim Adey).
Primary productivityQuantity: number of experiments = 5
Description: Nutrient addition bioassays to determine what nutrient (N, P, Fe) limits primary productivity and nitrogen fixation (Mark Moore, Dave Suggett, Matt Mills, Mike Lucas, Eric Achterberg).
Primary productivityQuantity: number of samples = 23
Description: Measurement of >2um and <2um phytoplankton production (Tim Adey).
Phytoplankton pigs (eg chlorophyll, fluorescence)Quantity: number of samples = 75
Description: Particle absorbance - Set 1, filters analysed onboard from surface of midday cast. Set 2, filters returned to laboratory for analysis (Patrick Holligan, Anna Hickman).
Phytoplankton pigs (eg chlorophyll, fluorescence)Quantity: number of samples = 50
Description: Particle absorption, pigment absorption and detrital absorption (Gerald Moore).
Phytoplankton pigs (eg chlorophyll, fluorescence)Quantity: number of samples = 660
Description: Chlorophyll samples - measured on board, fluorometer to be calibrated on return. Samples from CTD: predawn and midday casts, six light depths. Underway samples taken at approximately 3 hour intervals (Patrick Holligan, Anna Hickman).
Phytoplankton pigs (eg chlorophyll, fluorescence)Quantity: number of stations = 20
Description: Fast repetition rate water column measurements of fluorescence yield and physiological variables (water column 10 depths); FIRe also (Mark Moore, Dave Suggett, Matt Mills, Mike Lucas, Eric Achterberg).
Phytoplankton pigs (eg chlorophyll, fluorescence)Quantity: number of profiles = 58
Description: Fast repetition rate fluorometer (FRRF) profiles (Gerald Moore).
Phytoplankton pigs (eg chlorophyll, fluorescence)Quantity: number of samples = 270
Description: Pigment samples - filters returned to laboratory for HPLC analysis. Samples taken from 6 light depths for the predawn CTD and surface from the midday CTD (Patrick Holligan, Anna Hickman).
Particulate organic matter (inc POC, PON)Quantity: number of samples = 340
Description: POC/N samples: filters returned to laboratory for CHN analysis. Samples from CTD: predawn and midday casts, six light depths. Underway samples taken at approximately 3 hour intervals (Patrick Holligan, Anna Hickman).
Particulate organic matter (inc POC, PON)Quantity: number of stations = 11
Description: Stand Alone Pumps (SAPs) deployed at 50m, 100m (x2) and 150m to collect PON samples. Samples collected onto 293 mm 0.7?m GF/F filters. Samples will be used to calculated stable N isotope ratios. Analysis is hoped to be completed within a year (Rhiannon Mather).
Dissolved organic matter (inc DOC)Quantity: number of stations = 32
Description: Dissolved organic carbon, mitrogen and phosphorus samples (Xi Pan).
Biochemical measurements (eg lipids, amino acids)Quantity: number of stations = 31
Description: 6 discrete samples taken for amino acids analysis at each station. Samples collected from the CTD Niskin from depths of 97%, 55%, upslope chl-max, chl-max, downslope chl-max, and 300m. Samples filtered. Analysis is hoped to be completed within a year, using an HPLC, where the ratio of the D and L enantiomers will be examined (Rhiannon Mather).
Biochemical measurements (eg lipids, amino acids)Quantity: number of stations = 18
Description: Water column profiles (3 depths) for DNA/RNA of NiFH gene (diazotrophic activity) (Mark Moore, Dave Suggett, Matt Mills, Mike Lucas, Eric Achterberg).
Biochemical measurements (eg lipids, amino acids)Quantity: number of samples = 100
Description: Water samples returned to laboratory for analysis (Patrick Holligan, Anna Hickman).
Biochemical measurements (eg lipids, amino acids)Quantity: number of stations = 35
Description: LIBS samples from surface water (Mark Moore, Dave Suggett, Matt Mills, Mike Lucas, Eric Achterberg).
PhytoplanktonQuantity: number of samples = 300
Description: Filtered samples from CTD casts for microscope enumeration of coccolithophores and coccoliths (Bruce Bowler).
PhytoplanktonQuantity: number of samples = 170
Description: Discrete filtered samples from the non-toxic seawater system for microscope enumeration of coccolithophores and coccoliths (Bruce Bowler).
PhytoplanktonQuantity: number of samples = 23
Description: Measurements of calcifications from surface waters (Tim Adey).
PhytoplanktonQuantity: number of samples = 70
Description: Formalin preserved samples -water samples preserved in formaldehyde. Samples from predawn CTD at surface and 1% light depths (Patrick Holligan, Anna Hickman).
PhytoplanktonQuantity: number of samples = 75
Description: SEM samples - for coccolithophore identification, scanning electron microscope. Filters returned to laboratory. Samples from predawn CTD at surface and 1% light depth (Patrick Holligan, Anna Hickman).
PhytoplanktonQuantity: number of profiles = 10
Description: Filters returned to laboratory for possible DNA/RNA analysis. Samples from predawn CTD at surface and 1% light depth (Patrick Holligan, Anna Hickman).
PhytoplanktonQuantity: number of stations = 61
Description: Counts of cells from discrete depths on vertical profiles to 300m (Mike Zubkov, Isabelle Mary).
PhytoplanktonQuantity: number of experiments = 13
Description: Microzooplankton grazing experiments to determine bacterivory and herbivory rates (Michelle Hale).
PhytoplanktonQuantity: number of samples = 23
Description: Measurement of >2um and <2um phytoplankton production (Tim Adey).
PhytoplanktonQuantity: number of stations = 3
Description: Measurements of calcification from full profiles of 4 depths (Tim Adey).
ZooplanktonQuantity: number of samples = 162
Description: Nanozooplankton samples (6 depths from every pre-dawn CTD) (Nick Pope).
ZooplanktonQuantity: number of samples = 40
Description: Net hauls (predawn, depth approximately 150m) - zooplankton >50um. Fixed in formaldehyde and returned to laboratory (Patrick Holligan, Anna Hickman).
ZooplanktonQuantity: number of samples = 162
Description: Microzooplankton samples (6 depths from every pre-dawn CTD) (Nick Pope).
Pelagic bacteria/micro-organismsQuantity: number of experiments = 13
Description: Microzooplankton grazing experiments to determine bacterivory and herbivory rates (Michelle Hale).
Pelagic bacteria/micro-organismsQuantity: number of experiments = 5
Description: To investigate the positive effects of P and/or Fe on diazotroph activity and the effects of NH4+ and NO3- on inhibiting diazotroph activity (Mark Moore, Dave Suggett, Matt Mills, Mike Lucas, Eric Achterberg).
Pelagic bacteria/micro-organismsQuantity: number of stations = 10
Description: 15N2 - nitrogen fixation and 13C primary productivity water column profiles (size segregated <20um and whole water) (Mark Moore, Dave Suggett, Matt Mills, Mike Lucas, Eric Achterberg).
Pelagic bacteria/micro-organismsQuantity: number of experiments = 19
Description: Nutrient enrichments conducted on modified seawater (grazer free and diluted = 0.2um FSW) to determine nutrient limitation of bacterial growth by determining growth rates of control and amended treatments (+DOC, +N, +P) and bacterial production measurements made (Michelle Hale).
Pelagic bacteria/micro-organismsQuantity: number of stations = 56
Description: Samples collected frozen for composition analyses of prokaryotes, vertical profiles (Mike Zubkov, Isabelle Mary).
Pelagic bacteria/micro-organismsQuantity: number of experiments = 6
Description: Bacterial production rates determined for bioassay experiments run by Moore/Mills/Suggett (Michelle Hale).
Pelagic bacteria/micro-organismsQuantity: number of measurements = 18
Description: Assays of microbial availability of inorganic phosphate in surface waters of the northern gyre (Mike Zubkov, Isabelle Mary).
Pelagic bacteria/micro-organismsQuantity: number of measurements = 28
Description: Assays of microbial availability of amino acids, leucine and methionine in surface waters and DChl maximum (Mike Zubkov, Isabelle Mary).
Pelagic bacteria/micro-organismsQuantity: number of samples = 15
Description: Samples for molecular analyses of picoplankton (Mike Zubkov, Isabelle Mary).
Pelagic bacteria/micro-organismsQuantity: number of stations = 61
Description: Counts of cells from discrete depths on vertical profiles to 300m (Mike Zubkov, Isabelle Mary).
Other biological/fisheries measurementQuantity: number of stations = 28
Description: Water column depth profiles of gross production/net community production/dark community respiration via changes in dissolved oxygen concentrations (Niki Gist).
Meteorology 
Incident radiationQuantity: activity duration in days = 39
Description: Water leaving radiance, sky radiance and surface irradiance at 7 wavelengths (443, 490, 510, 555, 670, 780 and 865 nm). Collected during daylight hours. (Bruce Bowler).
Atmospheric chemistryQuantity: number of samples = 30
Description: Trace metal and major ion rain samples (Tim Lesworth).
Atmospheric chemistryQuantity: number of samples = 30
Description: Gas phase ammonia analysis (Tim Lesworth).
Atmospheric chemistryQuantity: number of samples = 30
Description: Aerosols for major ion analysis (Tim Lesworth).
Atmospheric chemistryQuantity: number of samples = 30
Description: Aerosols for trace metal analysis (Tim Lesworth).
Atmospheric chemistryQuantity: number of samples = 30
Description: Aerosols for organic nitrogen analysis (Tim Lesworth).
Data held at BODC 
Series/Profiles 
1  Transmissometer

BODC idDate/TimeLocationDoc.
10443632005-10-16 19:47:32  — 2005-11-26 04:34:45 35° 51' 59" S  39° 5' 44" W — 51° 43' 38" N  18° 36' 37" E  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1044363
Discrete samples 
59  Atmospheric air sampling pumpInorganic phosphorus species concentrations in the atmosphere
Sulphur species concentrations in the atmosphere
Concentration of nitrogen species in the atmosphere
Metal concentrations in the atmosphere
Concentration of inorganic halogens in the atmosphere
60  CTD frame plus rosette samplerParticulate total and organic nitrogen concentrations in the water column
Raw suspended particulate material optical sensor output
Phytoplankton taxonomic abundance in water bodies
Phosphate concentration parameters in the water column
Density of the water column
Dissolved total or organic phosphorus concentration in the water column
Particulate total and organic carbon concentrations in the water column
Electrical conductivity of the water column
Transmittance and attenuance of the water column
Plankton abundance per unit volume of the water column
Concentration of silicon species in the water column
Silicate concentration parameters in the water column
Dissolved oxygen parameters in the water column
Raw fluorometer output
Ammonium concentration parameters in the water column
Nitrate concentration parameters in the water column
Dissolved total and organic nitrogen concentrations in the water column
Temperature of the water column
Bacteria generic abundance in water bodies
Particulate inorganic carbon concentrations in the water column
Salinity of the water column
Raw light meter output
Nitrite concentration parameters in the water column
Chlorophyll pigment concentrations in the water column
Dissolved organic carbon concentration in the water column
Oxygen production and respiration in the water column
13  Rain water collectorMetadata parameters
Precipitation chemistry
264  Sample taken from ship's non-toxic supplyParticulate total and organic carbon concentrations in the water column
Total dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2) concentration in the water column
Concentration of silicon species in the water column
Particulate inorganic carbon concentrations in the water column
Salinity of the water column
Stable isotope enrichment in the water column
Chlorophyll pigment concentrations in the water column