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RRS Discovery D317
Cruise summary report
Cruise Info. | |||||||||
Ship name (ship code) | RRS Discovery (74E3) | ||||||||
Cruise identifier | D317 | ||||||||
Cruise period | 2007-03-21 — 2007-04-12 | ||||||||
Status | Completed | ||||||||
Port of departure | Glasgow, United Kingdom | ||||||||
Port of return | Lisbon, Portugal | ||||||||
Purpose | Research | ||||||||
Objectives | This study is primarily concerned with physical exchange processes at the air-sea interface and the determination of sea-salt aerosol source functions and gas transfer velocities. The scientific goals of SEASAW are to:
1. Establish the impact of various forcing parameters on the transfer velocity of CO2 and improve its parameterisation. The transfer velocity will be related to the transfer velocity of other trace gases via the Schmidt number. 2. Determine the sea spray source function via direct eddy-covariance methods using ultrasonic anemometers alongside fast-response optical particle counters and condensation particle counters. 3. Investigate wave breaking and whitecap production coincident with air-sea flux measurements, in order to provide increased understanding and improved parameterisation of wave breaking and whitecap production which is related to the observed air-sea fluxes. 4. Investigate the production and fate of sea spray aerosol particles very close to the ocean surface by means of 10Hz optical particle counter observations with sub-surface bubble observations. 5. Utilise a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer and associated instruments to study the composition of individual aerosol particles as a means of source apportionment and to investigate interactions between the sea spray aerosol and other aerosol and gaseous components. Measurements of background aerosol and turbulent fluxes are made continuously, during transits as well as designated measurement periods on station. Data are generally useful ONLY when the wind is from over the bows. When on station ship is hove to, with wind within 30 degrees of bows. Short duration deployemnts of a tethered buoy are made intermittently throughout the cruise to measure aerosol at ~0.7 and 1.0 m above the surface, and bubble spectra ~0.42m below the surface. LEEDS INSTRUMENTATION Foremast Flux system: Gill R3A sonic anemometer - 3D turbulent wind components at 50Hz LiCOR 7500 open path gas analyzer - H2O and CO2 concentrations at 20Hz 2 CLASP aerosol probe - 16-bin aerosol spectra at 10Hz, 0.05 to 3.5 m radius 2 motion packs - 3-axis linear accelerations, pitch, roll, and heading at 20Hz. Fast Lightweight Ozone Sensor (FLOS) : ozone concentration at 20Hz INSTRUMENT - Mean ozone concentration Background Aerosol: PMS OAP PCASP Grimm CPC Grimm dust monitor Aerosol Composition: TSI ATOFMS - single particle aerosol mass spectrometer providing chemical composition Aethalometer - black carbon loading VACC - PMS PCASP and volatility system providing chemical composition and mixing mode information via changes in aerosol spectra with temperature Aerosol Buoy: 2 CLASP aerosol probes with inlets at ~0.7 and 1m above the surface Subsurface bubble camera provided by TNO - photographic images of bubble populations at ~0.42m below the surface 3D motion pack (3-axis accelerometer, pitch, roll, and heading at 20Hz. NOC INSTRUMENTATION AUTOFLUX system: 2 x Gill sonic anemometers 2 x LiCOR 7500 open path gas analyzers 1 x motion pack | ||||||||
Chief scientist | Ian Brooks (University of Leeds School of Earth and Environment) | ||||||||
Project | UK SOLAS | ||||||||
Coordinating body | NERC | ||||||||
Cruise report | (4.63 MB) | ||||||||
Ocean/sea areas | |||||||||
General | North East Atlantic Ocean (limit 40W) | ||||||||
Specific | North East Atlantic | ||||||||
Track charts | (0.04 MB) | ||||||||
Measurements | |||||||||
Meteorology | |||||||||
Other meteorological measurements | Quantity: activity duration in hours = 432 Description: OAP - aerosol spectra 5-150 micron radius | ||||||||
Other meteorological measurements | Quantity: activity duration in hours = 432 Description: 2 x LiCOR 7500 open path gas analyzer - CO2 and H20 concentrations at 20Hz | ||||||||
Other meteorological measurements | Quantity: activity duration in hours = 396 Description: PCASP - aerosol spectra 0.05-1.5 micron radius | ||||||||
Other meteorological measurements | Quantity: activity duration in hours = 384 Description: Volatility - aerosol spectra 0.05 - 1.5 micron radius, with heated inlet (ambient to 900 celsius) | ||||||||
Other meteorological measurements | Quantity: activity duration in hours = 276 Description: ATOFMS - single particle mass spectrometry | ||||||||
Other meteorological measurements | Quantity: activity duration in hours = 420 Description: Aethalometer - atmospheric black carbon loading | ||||||||
Other meteorological measurements | Quantity: activity duration in hours = 432 Description: Automatic weather station - temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed and direction | ||||||||
Other meteorological measurements | Quantity: activity duration in hours = 432 Description: FLOS - 20Hz atmospheric ozone concentration, sited on foremast for flux measurement | ||||||||
Other meteorological measurements | Quantity: activity duration in hours = 432 Description: Dasibi UV analyszer - atmospheric ozone concentration | ||||||||
Other meteorological measurements | Quantity: activity duration in hours = 432 Description: Sonic anemometer, turbulent wind measurements at 20Hz, sited on foremast | ||||||||
Other meteorological measurements | Quantity: activity duration in hours = 432 Description: Motion pack on foremast - 3-axis accelerometers and pitch, roll, heading angles at 20Hz | ||||||||
Other meteorological measurements | Quantity: activity duration in hours = 432 Description: LiCOR 7500 open path gas analyzer - CO2 and H20 concentrations at 20Hz | ||||||||
Other meteorological measurements | Quantity: activity duration in hours = 432 Description: CLASP - aerosol spectra 0.05 - 3.5 micron radius at 10Hz. Sited on foremast for turbulent flux measurements | ||||||||
Other meteorological measurements | Quantity: activity duration in hours = 432 Description: 2 x Sonic anemometer, turbulent wind measurements at 20Hz, sited on foremast | ||||||||
Other meteorological measurements | Quantity: activity duration in hours = 432 Description: Motion pack on foremast - 3-axis accelerometers and pitch, roll, heading angles at 20Hz | ||||||||
Other meteorological measurements | Quantity: activity duration in hours = 384 Description: GRIMM OPC - aerosol spectra 0.23 - 20 micron radius | ||||||||
Moorings, landers, buoys | |||||||||
Physical oceanography | |||||||||
Instrumented wave measurements | 56° 57' 41" N 8° 16' 47" W — Station ID D317/001 #1 (22/03/2007 09:30 - 13:00) Tethered buoy test deployment. All systems run, but whitecaps marginal, useful data not really expected. | ||||||||
Instrumented wave measurements | 50° 12' 59" N 26° 1' 59" W — Station ID D317/009 #1 (06/04/2007 10:15 - 15:00) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only. | ||||||||
Instrumented wave measurements | 50° 18' 59" N 22° 45' 59" W — Station ID D317/008 #1 (05/04/2007 09:10 - 11:41) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only. | ||||||||
Instrumented wave measurements | 50° 36' 59" N 22° 49' 59" W — Station ID D317/007 #1 (04/04/2007 13:20 - 16:30) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only. | ||||||||
Instrumented wave measurements | 58° 55' 59" N 23° 26' 59" W — Station ID D317/006 #1 (01/04/2007 09:05 - 13:30) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only. | ||||||||
Instrumented wave measurements | 59° 13' 59" N 22° 51' 59" W — Station ID D317/005 #1 (31/3/2007 09:17 - 11:20) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only. | ||||||||
Instrumented wave measurements | 59° 45' 0" N 22° 19' 59" W — Station ID D317/004 #1 (30/3/2007 09:00 - 10:10) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only. Buoy recovered early on request from bridge due to increasing waves | ||||||||
Instrumented wave measurements | 58° 16' 29" N 20° 6' 0" W — Station ID D317/003 #1 (28/3/2007 09:27 - 11:20) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only | ||||||||
Instrumented wave measurements | 59° 59' 17" N 15° 12' 11" W — Station D317/002 #1 (24/03/2007 09:15 - 13:15) Tethered buoy measuring: aerosol particles at 0.7 and 1.0 m above surface, bubble spectra at 0.42 m below surface, and wave heights via buoy motion pack. Buoy monitored by webcam - images recorded every second. ~4 hours data collected | ||||||||
Other physical oceanographic measurements | 50° 36' 59" N 22° 49' 59" W — Station ID D317/007 #1 (04/04/2007 13:20 - 16:30) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only. | ||||||||
Other physical oceanographic measurements | 50° 12' 59" N 26° 1' 59" W — Station ID D317/009 #1 (06/04/2007 10:15 - 15:00) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only. | ||||||||
Other physical oceanographic measurements | 56° 57' 41" N 8° 16' 47" W — Station ID D317/001 #1 (22/03/2007 09:30 - 13:00) Tethered buoy test deployment. All systems run, but whitecaps marginal, useful data not really expected. | ||||||||
Other physical oceanographic measurements | 59° 59' 17" N 15° 12' 11" W — Station D317/002 #1 (24/03/2007 09:15 - 13:15) Tethered buoy measuring: aerosol particles at 0.7 and 1.0 m above surface, bubble spectra at 0.42 m below surface, and wave heights via buoy motion pack. Buoy monitored by webcam - images recorded every second. ~4 hours data collected | ||||||||
Other physical oceanographic measurements | 50° 18' 59" N 22° 45' 59" W — Station ID D317/008 #1 (05/04/2007 09:10 - 11:41) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only. | ||||||||
Other physical oceanographic measurements | 58° 16' 29" N 20° 6' 0" W — Station ID D317/003 #1 (28/3/2007 09:27 - 11:20) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only | ||||||||
Other physical oceanographic measurements | 58° 55' 59" N 23° 26' 59" W — Station ID D317/006 #1 (01/04/2007 09:05 - 13:30) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only. | ||||||||
Other physical oceanographic measurements | 59° 13' 59" N 22° 51' 59" W — Station ID D317/005 #1 (31/3/2007 09:17 - 11:20) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only. | ||||||||
Other physical oceanographic measurements | 59° 45' 0" N 22° 19' 59" W — Station ID D317/004 #1 (30/3/2007 09:00 - 10:10) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only. Buoy recovered early on request from bridge due to increasing waves | ||||||||
Meteorology | |||||||||
Other meteorological measurements | 58° 16' 29" N 20° 6' 0" W — Station ID D317/003 #1 (28/3/2007 09:27 - 11:20) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only | ||||||||
Other meteorological measurements | 50° 12' 59" N 26° 1' 59" W — Station ID D317/009 #1 (06/04/2007 10:15 - 15:00) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only. | ||||||||
Other meteorological measurements | 58° 55' 59" N 23° 26' 59" W — Station ID D317/006 #1 (01/04/2007 09:05 - 13:30) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only. | ||||||||
Other meteorological measurements | 50° 36' 59" N 22° 49' 59" W — Station ID D317/007 #1 (04/04/2007 13:20 - 16:30) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only. | ||||||||
Other meteorological measurements | 59° 45' 0" N 22° 19' 59" W — Station ID D317/004 #1 (30/3/2007 09:00 - 10:10) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only. Buoy recovered early on request from bridge due to increasing waves | ||||||||
Other meteorological measurements | 59° 13' 59" N 22° 51' 59" W — Station ID D317/005 #1 (31/3/2007 09:17 - 11:20) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only. | ||||||||
Other meteorological measurements | 59° 59' 17" N 15° 12' 11" W — Station D317/002 #1 (24/03/2007 09:15 - 13:15) Tethered buoy measuring: aerosol particles at 0.7 and 1.0 m above surface, bubble spectra at 0.42 m below surface, and wave heights via buoy motion pack. Buoy monitored by webcam - images recorded every second. ~4 hours data collected | ||||||||
Other meteorological measurements | 56° 57' 41" N 8° 16' 47" W — Station ID D317/001 #1 (22/03/2007 09:30 - 13:00) Tethered buoy test deployment. All systems run, but whitecaps marginal, useful data not really expected. | ||||||||
Other meteorological measurements | 50° 18' 59" N 22° 45' 59" W — Station ID D317/008 #1 (05/04/2007 09:10 - 11:41) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only. | ||||||||
Data held at BODC | Get data | ||||||||
Series/Profiles | |||||||||
1 Meteorological data logger | Visible waveband radiance and irradiance measurements in the atmosphere Horizontal spatial co-ordinates Air pressure Date and time Air temperature Wind strength and direction Solar Radiation Atmospheric humidity Visible waveband radiance and irradiance measurements in the atmosphere Horizontal spatial co-ordinates Air pressure Date and time Air temperature Wind strength and direction Solar Radiation Atmospheric humidity
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1 Pumped air sample |
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1 Single-beam echosounder | Horizontal spatial co-ordinates Date and time Platform or instrument orientation Horizontal platform movement Bathymetry and Elevation Horizontal spatial co-ordinates Date and time Platform or instrument orientation Horizontal platform movement Bathymetry and Elevation
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1 Thermosalinograph | Horizontal spatial co-ordinates Transmittance and attenuance of the water column Date and time Salinity of the water column Temperature of the water column Metadata parameters Raw fluorometer output Horizontal spatial co-ordinates Transmittance and attenuance of the water column Date and time Salinity of the water column Temperature of the water column Metadata parameters Raw fluorometer output
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Discrete samples | |||||||||
16 Sample taken from ship's non-toxic supply | Salinity of the water column |