Resources

RRS Discovery D317

Cruise summary report

Cruise Info. 
Ship name (ship code)RRS Discovery (74E3)
Cruise identifierD317
Cruise period2007-03-21 — 2007-04-12
StatusCompleted
Port of departureGlasgow, United Kingdom
Port of returnLisbon, Portugal
PurposeResearch
ObjectivesThis study is primarily concerned with physical exchange processes at the air-sea interface and the determination of sea-salt aerosol source functions and gas transfer velocities. The scientific goals of SEASAW are to:

1. Establish the impact of various forcing parameters on the transfer velocity of CO2 and improve its parameterisation. The transfer velocity will be related to the transfer velocity of other trace gases via the Schmidt number.
2. Determine the sea spray source function via direct eddy-covariance methods using ultrasonic anemometers alongside fast-response optical particle counters and condensation particle counters.
3. Investigate wave breaking and whitecap production coincident with air-sea flux measurements, in order to provide increased understanding and improved parameterisation of wave breaking and whitecap production which is related to the observed air-sea fluxes.
4. Investigate the production and fate of sea spray aerosol particles very close to the ocean surface by means of 10Hz optical particle counter observations with sub-surface bubble observations.
5. Utilise a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer and associated instruments to study the composition of individual aerosol particles as a means of source apportionment and to investigate interactions between the sea spray aerosol and other aerosol and gaseous components.

Measurements of background aerosol and turbulent fluxes are made continuously, during transits as well as designated measurement periods on station. Data are generally useful ONLY when the wind is from over the bows. When on station ship is hove to, with wind within 30 degrees of bows. Short duration deployemnts of a tethered buoy are made intermittently throughout the cruise to measure aerosol at ~0.7 and 1.0 m above the surface, and bubble spectra ~0.42m below the surface.

LEEDS INSTRUMENTATION

Foremast Flux system:
Gill R3A sonic anemometer - 3D turbulent wind components at 50Hz
LiCOR 7500 open path gas analyzer - H2O and CO2 concentrations at 20Hz
2 CLASP aerosol probe - 16-bin aerosol spectra at 10Hz, 0.05 to 3.5 m radius
2 motion packs - 3-axis linear accelerations, pitch, roll, and heading at 20Hz.
Fast Lightweight Ozone Sensor (FLOS) : ozone concentration at 20Hz
INSTRUMENT - Mean ozone concentration

Background Aerosol:
PMS OAP
PCASP
Grimm CPC
Grimm dust monitor

Aerosol Composition:
TSI ATOFMS - single particle aerosol mass spectrometer providing chemical composition
Aethalometer - black carbon loading
VACC - PMS PCASP and volatility system providing chemical composition and mixing mode information via changes in aerosol spectra with temperature

Aerosol Buoy:
2 CLASP aerosol probes with inlets at ~0.7 and 1m above the surface
Subsurface bubble camera provided by TNO - photographic images of bubble populations at ~0.42m below the surface
3D motion pack (3-axis accelerometer, pitch, roll, and heading at 20Hz.

NOC INSTRUMENTATION

AUTOFLUX system:
2 x Gill sonic anemometers
2 x LiCOR 7500 open path gas analyzers
1 x motion pack
Chief scientistIan Brooks (University of Leeds School of Earth and Environment)
ProjectUK SOLAS
Coordinating bodyNERC
Cruise reportRRS Discovery D317 cruise report d317.pdf (4.63 MB) 
Ocean/sea areas 
GeneralNorth East Atlantic Ocean (limit 40W)
SpecificNorth East Atlantic
Track chartsRRS Discovery D317 cruise track — d317trk.pdf (0.04 MB) 
Measurements 
Meteorology 
Other meteorological measurementsQuantity: activity duration in hours = 432
Description: OAP - aerosol spectra 5-150 micron radius
Other meteorological measurementsQuantity: activity duration in hours = 432
Description: 2 x LiCOR 7500 open path gas analyzer - CO2 and H20 concentrations at 20Hz
Other meteorological measurementsQuantity: activity duration in hours = 396
Description: PCASP - aerosol spectra 0.05-1.5 micron radius
Other meteorological measurementsQuantity: activity duration in hours = 384
Description: Volatility - aerosol spectra 0.05 - 1.5 micron radius, with heated inlet (ambient to 900 celsius)
Other meteorological measurementsQuantity: activity duration in hours = 276
Description: ATOFMS - single particle mass spectrometry
Other meteorological measurementsQuantity: activity duration in hours = 420
Description: Aethalometer - atmospheric black carbon loading
Other meteorological measurementsQuantity: activity duration in hours = 432
Description: Automatic weather station - temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed and direction
Other meteorological measurementsQuantity: activity duration in hours = 432
Description: FLOS - 20Hz atmospheric ozone concentration, sited on foremast for flux measurement
Other meteorological measurementsQuantity: activity duration in hours = 432
Description: Dasibi UV analyszer - atmospheric ozone concentration
Other meteorological measurementsQuantity: activity duration in hours = 432
Description: Sonic anemometer, turbulent wind measurements at 20Hz, sited on foremast
Other meteorological measurementsQuantity: activity duration in hours = 432
Description: Motion pack on foremast - 3-axis accelerometers and pitch, roll, heading angles at 20Hz
Other meteorological measurementsQuantity: activity duration in hours = 432
Description: LiCOR 7500 open path gas analyzer - CO2 and H20 concentrations at 20Hz
Other meteorological measurementsQuantity: activity duration in hours = 432
Description: CLASP - aerosol spectra 0.05 - 3.5 micron radius at 10Hz. Sited on foremast for turbulent flux measurements
Other meteorological measurementsQuantity: activity duration in hours = 432
Description: 2 x Sonic anemometer, turbulent wind measurements at 20Hz, sited on foremast
Other meteorological measurementsQuantity: activity duration in hours = 432
Description: Motion pack on foremast - 3-axis accelerometers and pitch, roll, heading angles at 20Hz
Other meteorological measurementsQuantity: activity duration in hours = 384
Description: GRIMM OPC - aerosol spectra 0.23 - 20 micron radius
Moorings, landers, buoys 
Physical oceanography 
Instrumented wave measurements56° 57' 41" N  8° 16' 47" W — Station ID D317/001 #1 (22/03/2007 09:30 - 13:00) Tethered buoy test deployment. All systems run, but whitecaps marginal, useful data not really expected.
Instrumented wave measurements50° 12' 59" N  26° 1' 59" W — Station ID D317/009 #1 (06/04/2007 10:15 - 15:00) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only.
Instrumented wave measurements50° 18' 59" N  22° 45' 59" W — Station ID D317/008 #1 (05/04/2007 09:10 - 11:41) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only.
Instrumented wave measurements50° 36' 59" N  22° 49' 59" W — Station ID D317/007 #1 (04/04/2007 13:20 - 16:30) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only.
Instrumented wave measurements58° 55' 59" N  23° 26' 59" W — Station ID D317/006 #1 (01/04/2007 09:05 - 13:30) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only.
Instrumented wave measurements59° 13' 59" N  22° 51' 59" W — Station ID D317/005 #1 (31/3/2007 09:17 - 11:20) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only.
Instrumented wave measurements59° 45' 0" N  22° 19' 59" W — Station ID D317/004 #1 (30/3/2007 09:00 - 10:10) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only. Buoy recovered early on request from bridge due to increasing waves
Instrumented wave measurements58° 16' 29" N  20° 6' 0" W — Station ID D317/003 #1 (28/3/2007 09:27 - 11:20) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only
Instrumented wave measurements59° 59' 17" N  15° 12' 11" W — Station D317/002 #1 (24/03/2007 09:15 - 13:15) Tethered buoy measuring: aerosol particles at 0.7 and 1.0 m above surface, bubble spectra at 0.42 m below surface, and wave heights via buoy motion pack. Buoy monitored by webcam - images recorded every second. ~4 hours data collected
Other physical oceanographic measurements50° 36' 59" N  22° 49' 59" W — Station ID D317/007 #1 (04/04/2007 13:20 - 16:30) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only.
Other physical oceanographic measurements50° 12' 59" N  26° 1' 59" W — Station ID D317/009 #1 (06/04/2007 10:15 - 15:00) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only.
Other physical oceanographic measurements56° 57' 41" N  8° 16' 47" W — Station ID D317/001 #1 (22/03/2007 09:30 - 13:00) Tethered buoy test deployment. All systems run, but whitecaps marginal, useful data not really expected.
Other physical oceanographic measurements59° 59' 17" N  15° 12' 11" W — Station D317/002 #1 (24/03/2007 09:15 - 13:15) Tethered buoy measuring: aerosol particles at 0.7 and 1.0 m above surface, bubble spectra at 0.42 m below surface, and wave heights via buoy motion pack. Buoy monitored by webcam - images recorded every second. ~4 hours data collected
Other physical oceanographic measurements50° 18' 59" N  22° 45' 59" W — Station ID D317/008 #1 (05/04/2007 09:10 - 11:41) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only.
Other physical oceanographic measurements58° 16' 29" N  20° 6' 0" W — Station ID D317/003 #1 (28/3/2007 09:27 - 11:20) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only
Other physical oceanographic measurements58° 55' 59" N  23° 26' 59" W — Station ID D317/006 #1 (01/04/2007 09:05 - 13:30) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only.
Other physical oceanographic measurements59° 13' 59" N  22° 51' 59" W — Station ID D317/005 #1 (31/3/2007 09:17 - 11:20) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only.
Other physical oceanographic measurements59° 45' 0" N  22° 19' 59" W — Station ID D317/004 #1 (30/3/2007 09:00 - 10:10) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only. Buoy recovered early on request from bridge due to increasing waves
Meteorology 
Other meteorological measurements58° 16' 29" N  20° 6' 0" W — Station ID D317/003 #1 (28/3/2007 09:27 - 11:20) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only
Other meteorological measurements50° 12' 59" N  26° 1' 59" W — Station ID D317/009 #1 (06/04/2007 10:15 - 15:00) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only.
Other meteorological measurements58° 55' 59" N  23° 26' 59" W — Station ID D317/006 #1 (01/04/2007 09:05 - 13:30) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only.
Other meteorological measurements50° 36' 59" N  22° 49' 59" W — Station ID D317/007 #1 (04/04/2007 13:20 - 16:30) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only.
Other meteorological measurements59° 45' 0" N  22° 19' 59" W — Station ID D317/004 #1 (30/3/2007 09:00 - 10:10) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only. Buoy recovered early on request from bridge due to increasing waves
Other meteorological measurements59° 13' 59" N  22° 51' 59" W — Station ID D317/005 #1 (31/3/2007 09:17 - 11:20) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only.
Other meteorological measurements59° 59' 17" N  15° 12' 11" W — Station D317/002 #1 (24/03/2007 09:15 - 13:15) Tethered buoy measuring: aerosol particles at 0.7 and 1.0 m above surface, bubble spectra at 0.42 m below surface, and wave heights via buoy motion pack. Buoy monitored by webcam - images recorded every second. ~4 hours data collected
Other meteorological measurements56° 57' 41" N  8° 16' 47" W — Station ID D317/001 #1 (22/03/2007 09:30 - 13:00) Tethered buoy test deployment. All systems run, but whitecaps marginal, useful data not really expected.
Other meteorological measurements50° 18' 59" N  22° 45' 59" W — Station ID D317/008 #1 (05/04/2007 09:10 - 11:41) Tethered buoy as above. Aerosol at 1m only.
Data held at BODC Get data
Series/Profiles 
1  Meteorological data logger
Visible waveband radiance and irradiance measurements in the atmosphere
Horizontal spatial co-ordinates
Air pressure
Date and time
Air temperature
Wind strength and direction
Solar Radiation
Atmospheric humidity
Visible waveband radiance and irradiance measurements in the atmosphere
Horizontal spatial co-ordinates
Air pressure
Date and time
Air temperature
Wind strength and direction
Solar Radiation
Atmospheric humidity

BODC idDate/TimeLocationDoc.
10976342007-03-21 11:41  — 2007-04-12 09:01:30 38° 33' 58" N  26° 10' 25" W — 60° 0' 39" N  4° 23' 0" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1097634
1  Pumped air sample

BODC idDate/TimeLocationDoc.
10434392007-03-21 00:00  — 2007-04-10 04:44:54 42° 34' 19" N  26° 8' 51" W — 60° 0' 39" N  4° 23' 34" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1043439
1  Single-beam echosounder
Horizontal spatial co-ordinates
Date and time
Platform or instrument orientation
Horizontal platform movement
Bathymetry and Elevation
Horizontal spatial co-ordinates
Date and time
Platform or instrument orientation
Horizontal platform movement
Bathymetry and Elevation

BODC idDate/TimeLocationDoc.
10976222007-03-21 11:41  — 2007-04-12 09:01:30 38° 33' 58" N  26° 10' 25" W — 60° 0' 39" N  4° 23' 0" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1097622
1  Thermosalinograph
Horizontal spatial co-ordinates
Transmittance and attenuance of the water column
Date and time
Salinity of the water column
Temperature of the water column
Metadata parameters
Raw fluorometer output
Horizontal spatial co-ordinates
Transmittance and attenuance of the water column
Date and time
Salinity of the water column
Temperature of the water column
Metadata parameters
Raw fluorometer output

BODC idDate/TimeLocationDoc.
10976462007-03-21 11:41  — 2007-04-12 09:01:30 38° 33' 58" N  26° 10' 25" W — 60° 0' 39" N  4° 23' 0" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1097646
Discrete samples 
16  Sample taken from ship's non-toxic supplySalinity of the water column