Resources

RRS James Clark Ross JR20101221 (JR245, JR246, JR247)

Cruise summary report

Cruise Info. 
Ship name (ship code)RRS James Clark Ross (74JC)
Cruise identifierJR20101221 (JR245, JR246, JR247)
Cruise period2010-12-21 — 2011-01-19
StatusCompleted
Port of departureStanley, Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
Port of returnStanley, Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
PurposeResearch
ObjectivesCruises JR245, 246 and 247 were amalgamated into one cruise. JR245 was 19 days of the Western Core Box cruise, JR246 was 2 days of Hotspots and JR247 was 7 science days for an AFI project (The role of krill grazing in Southern Ocean nutrient cycles). In addition there was an AFI-CGS (Individual physiological and behavioural responses of krill to distributional shifts and thermal change) project undertaken. All three projects were focussed on investigating Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and it was therefore sensible to combine them into one cruise focused around South Georgia.

JR245 Western Core Box
Since 1981 BAS have undertaken cruises to determine krill biomass as part of the ongoing assessment of the status of the marine ecosystem in the region of South Georgia. This unique time series, known as the "Western Core Box" is part of the Ecosystem Programme contribution to BAS' national capability. It is comprised of an acoustic grid survey of 8 transects each of 80 km in length, together with associated net and oceanographic sampling and the calibration of the acoustic instrumentation. In addition to the acoustic survey, which covers a wide area but has limited temporal coverage, there are three moorings (one in the Western Core Box and one south and one north of South Georgia) to provide a temporal context. These moorings are typically recovered and redeployed during the WCB survey. Due to the lack of gantry this year the moorings were not recovered or redeployed.

JR247 The role of krill grazing in Southern Ocean nutrient cycles
Even though Antarctic krill are a key species in the Southern Ocean food web and commercially fished for, little is known about their role in biogeochemical cycles. This AFI project will test the hypothesis that Antarctic krill help to promote the drawdown of CO2 from the atmosphere to the deep ocean by enhancing the biological carbon pump. It will address (a) how much carbon, nitrogen, silica and iron are in krill fecal pellets, (b) do the elements dissolve out of the pellets before sinking to depth, (c) do krill accumulate iron in their bodies and (d) how much iron and nitrogen do krill release in dissolved form when feeding.

AFI-CGS Individual physiological and behavioural responses of krill to distributional shifts and thermal change
The physiology of krill is considered to be stenothermal, operating most efficiently within a narrow temperature range of between 0 and 2C. South Georgia is a krill rich region, but recent reports have indicated there has been a mean increase of 0.9C in its surface waters over the past 81 years. Trend analyses have also pointed to a significant negative relationship between summer South Georgia temperatures and mean summer density of krill, predicting a decline in the suitability of this area as a future krill habitat. The physiological response of krill to temperature change will be investigated through analysis of aerobic respiration and other indicators of performance.
Chief scientistSophie Fielding (British Antarctic Survey)
ProjectEcosystems; BAS Long Term and Monitoring Survey
Cruise reportRRS James Clark Ross JR20101221 (JR245, JR246, JR247) cruise report jr245.pdf (3.86 MB) 
Ocean/sea areas 
GeneralSouth Atlantic Ocean
SpecificSouth Atlantic Ocean and Scotia Sea.
Track chartsRRS James Clark Ross JR20101221 (JR245, JR246, JR247) cruise track — jr245trk.pdf (0.88 MB) 
Measurements 
Physical oceanography 
Surface measurements underway (T,S)Quantity: number of track lines = 1
Description: Underway - ships non toxic pumped sea water supply
BathythermographDescription: XBT
Water bottle stationsDescription: CTD
CTD stationsDescription: CTD
Current profiler (eg ADCP)Description: ADCP
Chemical oceanography 
Trace elementsDescription: SAPS - time period pumping through filter
Trace elementsDescription: Go-flo bottles (clean water) varying depth
Trace elementsDescription: Towed iron fish underway sea water supply
Biology and fisheries 
Phytoplankton pigs (eg chlorophyll, fluorescence)Quantity: number of track lines = 1
Description: Underway - ships non toxic pumped sea water supply
ZooplanktonDescription: Custom 1m Net - krill length measurements, krill oxygen respiration rates & calorific value
ZooplanktonDescription: Custom 1m Net - Krill swimming and tail flip response to stimulus
ZooplanktonDescription: Custom 1m Net - Krill feeding and egestion incubations
ZooplanktonDescription: Bongo net - obliquely hauled
NektonDescription: Custom 1m Net - Themisto swimming
Meteorology 
Routine standard measurementsDescription: Onboard ships meteorological
Geology and geophysics 
Single-beam echosoundingDescription: EA600 Single Beam
Multi-beam echosoundingDescription: EK60 Multi-beam
Data held at BODC Get data
Series/Profiles 
26  Bathythermograph (MBT/XBT)
Sound velocity and travel time in the water column
Reference numbers
Temperature of the water column
Vertical spatial coordinates
Sound velocity and travel time in the water column
Reference numbers
Temperature of the water column
Vertical spatial coordinates

BODC idDate/TimeLocationDoc.
11742792010-12-28 13:31 53° 13' 19" S  38° 26' 56" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1174279
11741992010-12-27 12:48 53° 48' 58" S  38° 52' 24" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1174199
11742312010-12-28 10:13 53° 44' 58" S  38° 16' 39" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1174231
11743602010-12-30 17:05 53° 30' 2" S  37° 42' 49" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1174360
11743112010-12-30 11:27 53° 31' 0" S  37° 50' 45" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1174311
11742802010-12-30 09:10 53° 9' 50" S  37° 57' 53" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1174280
11743472010-12-30 14:51 53° 51' 13" S  37° 35' 35" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1174347
11741022010-12-26 08:58 54° 3' 20" S  39° 23' 29" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1174102
11742432010-12-28 11:21 53° 34' 30" S  38° 20' 3" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1174243
11743232010-12-30 12:33 53° 41' 30" S  37° 47' 14" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1174323
11743592010-12-30 15:58 53° 40' 36" S  37° 39' 12" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1174359
11743842010-12-30 19:26 53° 8' 52" S  37° 49' 58" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1174384
11742182010-12-28 09:05 53° 55' 35" S  38° 13' 12" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1174218
11742672010-12-28 12:28 53° 23' 51" S  38° 23' 27" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1174267
11742922010-12-30 10:16 53° 20' 10" S  37° 54' 14" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1174292
11741142010-12-26 10:08 53° 52' 39" S  39° 26' 40" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1174114
11741262010-12-26 11:14 53° 42' 3" S  39° 29' 50" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1174126
11741382010-12-26 12:22 53° 31' 29" S  39° 32' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1174138
11741872010-12-27 11:41 53° 38' 21" S  38° 55' 45" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1174187
11742552010-12-28 11:24 53° 34' 13" S  38° 20' 7" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1174255
11741512010-12-26 13:30 53° 20' 54" S  39° 36' 8" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1174151
11741752010-12-27 10:34 53° 27' 50" S  38° 59' 1" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1174175
11742062010-12-27 13:55 53° 59' 33" S  38° 49' 9" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1174206
11743352010-12-30 13:39 53° 52' 8" S  37° 43' 38" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1174335
11743722010-12-30 18:18 53° 19' 27" S  37° 46' 22" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1174372
11741632010-12-27 09:27 53° 17' 14" S  39° 2' 16" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1174163
24  CTD/STD cast
Reference numbers
Transmittance and attenuance of the water column
Salinity of the water column
Temperature of the water column
Vertical spatial coordinates
Dissolved oxygen parameters in the water column
Density of the water column
Electrical conductivity of the water column
Chlorophyll pigment concentrations in water bodies
Reference numbers
Transmittance and attenuance of the water column
Salinity of the water column
Temperature of the water column
Vertical spatial coordinates
Dissolved oxygen parameters in the water column
Density of the water column
Electrical conductivity of the water column
Chlorophyll pigment concentrations in water bodies

BODC idDate/TimeLocationDoc.
17416982010-12-22 11:47:27  — 2010-12-22 11:56:01 52° 15' 8" S  51° 24' 48" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1741698
17417052010-12-25 07:15:57  — 2010-12-25 07:22:52 53° 42' 1" S  38° 12' 34" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1741705
17418952011-01-08 07:04:16  — 2011-01-08 07:19:38 53° 37' 24" S  36° 20' 39" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1741895
17417292010-12-27 07:03:50  — 2010-12-27 07:23:03 53° 29' 35" S  39° 15' 3" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1741729
17417302010-12-27 21:04:13  — 2010-12-27 21:25:14 53° 25' 53" S  38° 41' 49" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1741730
17418462011-01-04 07:05:05  — 2011-01-04 07:11:09 54° 15' 19" S  35° 21' 18" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1741846
17419262011-01-11 07:53:49  — 2011-01-11 07:59:37 54° 6' 1" S  36° 14' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1741926
17417662010-12-30 07:04:28  — 2010-12-30 07:22:43 53° 21' 38" S  38° 4' 58" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1741766
17418092011-01-01 12:50:34  — 2011-01-01 12:52 54° 9' 30" S  36° 41' 34" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1741809
17418342011-01-03 14:33:39  — 2011-01-03 14:38:14 54° 5' 59" S  35° 27' 20" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1741834
17418832011-01-07 07:11:12  — 2011-01-07 07:17:04 54° 33' 29" S  35° 35' 14" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1741883
17419142011-01-10 07:24:50  — 2011-01-10 07:29:51 53° 53' 47" S  36° 34' 21" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1741914
17417172010-12-26 23:30:14  — 2010-12-26 23:36:45 53° 50' 45" S  39° 8' 35" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1741717
17417782010-12-31 07:04:33  — 2010-12-31 07:31:05 53° 29' 27" S  37° 42' 26" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1741778
17418222011-01-03 07:30:55  — 2011-01-03 07:37:18 54° 6' 2" S  35° 27' 19" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1741822
17418712011-01-06 09:08:18  — 2011-01-06 09:11:38 54° 31' 51" S  35° 16' 14" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1741871
17419022011-01-09 07:12:48  — 2011-01-09 07:17:41 54° 16' 9" S  35° 52' 3" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1741902
17417422010-12-28 07:06:05  — 2010-12-28 07:11:31 53° 47' 6" S  38° 35' 2" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1741742
17419382011-01-12 13:57:02  — 2011-01-12 14:24:52 53° 32' 24" S  38° 6' 33" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1741938
17419512011-01-13 11:12:39  — 2011-01-13 11:21:11 53° 45' 2" S  38° 58' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1741951
17418102011-01-02 07:17:48  — 2011-01-02 07:22:30 53° 59' 37" S  36° 22' 14" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1741810
17418582011-01-05 15:53:40  — 2011-01-05 16:09:30 54° 37' 16" S  34° 48' 18" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1741858
17417542010-12-28 20:14:57  — 2010-12-28 20:20:01 53° 42' 51" S  37° 57' 54" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1741754
17417912011-01-01 07:04:26  — 2011-01-01 07:09:35 53° 59' 38" S  36° 22' 14" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1741791
1  Meteorological data logger
Visible waveband radiance and irradiance measurements in the atmosphere
Horizontal spatial co-ordinates
Air pressure
Date and time
Air temperature
Wind strength and direction
Solar Radiation
Atmospheric humidity
Visible waveband radiance and irradiance measurements in the atmosphere
Horizontal spatial co-ordinates
Air pressure
Date and time
Air temperature
Wind strength and direction
Solar Radiation
Atmospheric humidity

BODC idDate/TimeLocationDoc.
19189562010-12-21 12:14  — 2011-01-14 23:59 51° 41' 29" S  57° 49' 26" W — 54° 3' 23" S  36° 10' 45" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1918956
1  Multiple instrument types
Sound velocity and travel time in the water column
Horizontal spatial co-ordinates
Date and time
Salinity of the water column
Metadata parameters
Electrical conductivity of the water column
Chlorophyll pigment concentrations in water bodies
Sound velocity and travel time in the water column
Horizontal spatial co-ordinates
Date and time
Salinity of the water column
Metadata parameters
Electrical conductivity of the water column
Chlorophyll pigment concentrations in water bodies

BODC idDate/TimeLocationDoc.
19189682010-12-21 12:14  — 2011-01-14 23:59 51° 41' 29" S  57° 49' 26" W — 54° 3' 23" S  36° 10' 45" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1918968
1  Single-beam echosounder
Horizontal spatial co-ordinates
Date and time
Platform or instrument orientation
Horizontal platform movement
Bathymetry and Elevation
Horizontal spatial co-ordinates
Date and time
Platform or instrument orientation
Horizontal platform movement
Bathymetry and Elevation

BODC idDate/TimeLocationDoc.
19189442010-12-21 12:14  — 2011-01-14 23:59 51° 41' 29" S  57° 49' 26" W — 54° 3' 23" S  36° 10' 45" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1918944
Discrete samples 
24  CTD frame plus rosette sampler
26  Expendable Bathythermograph