Telemetry system
A basic description about the process used to obtain real time data via telemetry can be found here.

The instruments on each mooring record data frequently. At a pre-set time, the telemetry buoy interrogates each instrument on the mooring and retrieves a subset of the recorded data. These data are stored by the telemetry buoy. When the telemetry buoy can, it sends the data via a satellite back to the base station (NOCS or RSMAS).
These data are transferred to BODC where basic quality control is carried out. The data are displayed graphically and made available on the world wide web.
Read detailed information about the United Kingdom or United States telemetry system.