Metadata Report for BODC Series Reference Number 2102316
Metadata Summary
Problem Reports
Data Access Policy
Narrative Documents
Project Information
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Fixed Station Information
BODC Quality Flags
SeaDataNet Quality Flags
Metadata Summary
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Problem Reports
No Problem Report Found in the Database
Data Access Policy
Open Data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
You must always use the following attribution statement to acknowledge the source of the information: "Contains data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council."
Narrative Documents
Kipp and Zonen Pyranometer Model CM6B
The CM6B pyranometer is intended for routine global solar radiation measurement research on a level surface. The CM6B features a sixty-four thermocouple junction (series connected) sensing element. The sensing element is coated with a highly stable carbon based non-organic coating, which delivers excellent spectral absorption and long term stability characteristics. The sensing element is housed under two concentric fitting Schott K5 glass domes.
Specifications
| Dimensions (W x H) | 150.0 mm x 91.5 mm |
|---|---|
| Weight | 850 grams |
| Operating Temperature | -40°C to +80°C |
| Spectral Range | 305 - 2800 nm (50% points) |
| Sensitivity | 9 -15 µV/W/m2 |
| Impedance (nominal) | 70 - 100 ohm |
| Response Time (95%) | 30 sec |
| Non-linearity | < ± 1.2% (<1000 W/m2) |
| Temperature dependence of sensitivity | < ± 2% (-10 to +40°C) |
| Zero-offset due to temperature changes | < ± 4 W/m2 at 5 K/h temperature change |
Skye Instruments PAR Energy Sensor Model SKE 510
The SKE 510 is suitable for measuring photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) from natural or artificial light sources. The sensor is fully waterproof and guaranteed submersible to 4m depth, and indoor versions are also available.
The instrument uses a blue-enhanced planar diffused silicon detector to measure energy (in W m-2) over the 400-700 nm waveband. It has a cosine-corrected head and a square spectral response. The sensor can operate over a temperature range of -35 to 70 °C and a humidity range of 0-100% RH.
Specifications
| Sensitivity (current) | 1.5µA or 100 W m-2 |
|---|---|
| Sensitivity (voltage) | 1mV or 100 W m-2 |
| Working Range | 0-5000 W m-2 |
| Linearity error | 0.2% |
| Absolute calibration error | typ. less than 3% 5% max |
| Response time - voltage output | 10 ns |
| Cosine error | 3% |
| Azimuth error | less than 1% |
| Temperature co-efficient | ±0.1% per °C |
| Internal resistance - voltage output | c. 300 ohms |
| Longterm stability | ±2% |
| Material | Dupont 'Delrin' |
| Dimensions | 34 mm diameter 38mm height |
| Cable | 2 core screened 7 - 2 - 2C |
| Sensor Passband | 400 - 700 nm |
| Detector | Silicon photocell |
| Filters | Glass type and/or metal interference |
Vaisala Analog Barometers Models PTB100 (A), (B) and PTB101 (B), (C)
The PTB 100 series analog barometers are designed both for accurate barometric measurements at room temperature and for general environmental pressure monitoring over a wide temperature range. The long-term stability of the barometer minimizes the need for field adjustment in many applications.
Physical Specifications
| Size | 97 x 60 x 22 mm |
|---|---|
| Weight | 85g |
The barometers use the BAROCAP* silicon capacitive absolute pressure sensor developed by Vaisala for barometric pressure measurements. The BAROCAP* sensor combines the elasticity characteristics and mechanical stability of a single-crystal silicon with the proven capacitive detection principle.
Sensor Specifications
| Model Number | Pressure Range (mbar) | Temperature Range (°C) | Humidity Range | Total Accuracy | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PTB100A | 800 to 1060 | -40 to +60 | non-condensing | +20 °C | ± 0.3 mbar |
| 0 to +40 °C | ± 1.0 mbar | ||||
| -20 to +45 °C | ± 1.5 mbar | ||||
| -40 to +60 °C | ± 2.5 mbar | ||||
| PTB100B | 600 to 1060 | -40 to +60 | non-condensing | +20 °C | ± 0.5 mbar |
| 0 to +40 °C | ± 1.5 mbar | ||||
| -20 to +45 °C | ± 2.0 mbar | ||||
| -40 to +60 °C | ± 3.0 mbar | ||||
| PTB101B | 600 to 1060 | -40 to +60 | non-condensing | +20 °C | ± 0.5 mbar |
| 0 to +40 °C | ± 1.5 mbar | ||||
| -20 to +45 °C | ± 2.0 mbar | ||||
| -40 to +60 °C | ± 3.0 mbar | ||||
| PTB101C | 900 to 1100 | -40 to +60 | non-condensing | +20 °C | ± 0.3 mbar |
| 0 to +40 °C | ± 1.0 mbar | ||||
| -20 to +45 °C | ± 1.5 mbar | ||||
| -40 to +60 °C | ± 2.5 mbar | ||||
* BAROCAP is a registered trademark of Vaisala
Vaisala Temperature and Relative Humidity HMP Sensors
A family of sensors and instruments (sensors plus integral displays or loggers) for the measurement of air temperature and relative humidity. All are based on a probe containing a patent (HUMICAP) capacitive thin polymer film capacitanece humidity sensor and a Pt100 platinum resistance thermometer. The probes are available with a wide range of packaging, cabling and interface options all of which have designations of the form HMPnn or HMPnnn such as HMP45 and HMP230. Vaisala sensors are incorporated into weather stations and marketed by Campbell Scientific.
All versions operate at up to 100% humidity. Operating temperature ranges vary between models, allowing users to select the version best suited to their requirements.
Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheets for the HMP 45 series, HMP 70 series and HMP 230 series.
Vaisala WA15 Wind Set
The WAA151 combines a WAA151 anemometer and a WAV151 wind vane, to measure wind speed and direction.
WAA151 Anemometer
The anemometer has three lightweight conical cups in the cup wheel. A wind-rotated chopper disc, attached to the cup wheel's shaft, cuts an infrared light beam 14 times per revolution, generating a pulse output from a phototransistor. The output rate can be regarded as directly proportional to the wind speed. However, for the best accuracy, a transfer function is used to compensate starting inertia and slight over-speeding:
Uf = 0.328 + 0.101 x R, where Uf = wind speed and R = output pulse rate
A thermostatically controlled heating element in the shaft tunnel prevents the bearings from freezing in cold environments.
WAV151 Wind Vane
The WAV151 is a counter-balanced optelectronic wind vane. Infrared LEDs and phototransistors are mounted in six orbits around a 6 bit Gray coded disc. Turned by the vane, the disc determines the code received by the phototransistors.
Specifications
| WAA151 Anemometer | WAV151 Wind Vane | |
|---|---|---|
| Measurement range | 0.4-75 m s-1 | 0-300° (at 0.4-75 m s-1) |
| Starting threshold | < 0.5 m s-1 | < 0.4 m s-1 |
| Resolution | - | ±2.8° |
| Accuracy | ±0.17 m s-1 (within range 0.4-60 m s-1) | < ± 3° |
| Output | 0-750 Hz square wave | 6 bit parallel Gray code |
| Operating temperature | -50°C to 55°C | -50°C to 55°C |
Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification document.
UK SOLAS Cruise D313 Underway Navigation, Meteorology and Sea Surface Hydrography Processing Document
Cruise details
| Dates | 07 November - 06 December 2006 |
|---|---|
| Principal Scientific Officer | Rob Upstill-Goddard, University of Newcastle upon Tyne |
Content of data series
| Parameter | Units | Parameter code | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Latitude | Degrees (+ve N) | ALATGP01 | - |
| Longitude | Degrees (+ve E) | ALONGP01 | - |
| Heading | Degrees | HEADCM01 | - |
| Ship's eastward velocity | cm s-1 | APEWGP01 | - |
| Ship's northward velocity | cm s-1 | APNSGP01 | - |
| Bathymetric depth | m | MBANUA01 | - |
| Absolute wind direction | Degrees | EWDASS01 | Corrected for ship's heading |
| Absolute wind speed | m s-1 | EWSBSS01 | Corrected for ship's motion and heading |
| Atmospheric temperature | °C | CDTASS01 | - |
| Atmospheric pressure | mbar | CAPHSL01 | - |
| Relative humidity | % | CRELSS01 | - |
| Relative wind direction | Degrees | ERWDSS01 | - |
| Relative wind speed | m s-1 | ERWSSS01 | - |
| PAR | W m-2 | DWIRRXMX | Starboard and port PAR combined |
| TIR | W m-2 | CSLRR1XS | Starboard and port PAR combined |
| Beam attenuance coefficient | m-1 | ATTNUN25 | Manufacturer's calibration applied |
| Raw chlorophyll fluorescence | V | FVLTWS01 | Manufacturer's calibration applied |
| Housing temperature | °C | TMESSG01 | Uncalibrated |
| Hull temperature | °C | TEMPHG01 | Calibrated against CTD temperature data |
| Salinity | - | PSALSG01 | Calibrated against CTD salinity data |
| Instrument output by 25 cm path length transmissometer | V | TVLTDZ01 | Uncalibrated |
Instrumentation
Navigation and bathymetry
| Instrument | Type | Main role |
|---|---|---|
| Trimble 4000 DS Surveyor | GPS | Navigation |
| Fugro Seastar DGPS (G12) | GPS | Navigation |
| Ashtec ADU-2 | GPS | Navigation |
| Gyrocompass | gyrocompass | Relative motion |
| Chernikeef log | EM log | Relative motion |
Meteorology
| Sensor | Serial Number | Last calibration date |
|---|---|---|
| Skye PAR (port) | SKE 510 1204 28558 | 21/12/2004 |
| Skye PAR (starboard) | SKE 510 1204 28557 | 21/12/2004 |
| Kipp & Zonen TIR (port) | 47463 | 22/12/2004 |
| Kipp & Zonen TIR (starboard) | 47462 | 22/12/2004 |
| Vaisala barometer PTB100A | S361 0008 (U1420016) | - |
| Vaisala anemometer WAA151 | P50421 | - |
| Vaisala wind vane WAV151 | S21208 | - |
| Vaisala temperature/humidity HMP44L | U 185 0012 | 12/02/2003 |
Surface hydrography
| Sensor | Serial Number | Last calibration date |
|---|---|---|
| FSI OTM Housing temperature | 1370 | 01/09/2004 |
| FSI OTM Remote temperature | 1360 | 01/09/2004 |
| FSI OCM Conductivity | 1376 | - |
| WET Labs Fluorometer | WS3S-247 | 05/12/2004 |
| WET Labs C-Star Transmissometer | CST-113R | 14/09/2005 |
Data processing by originator
Raw data were logged to NetCDF format through the ship's Techsas system. Data were converted to RVS binary format on a daily basis, for manual data processing including merging the navigation streams, deriving absolute winds and salinity, and correcting bathymetric depth data. Data were supplied to BODC in RVS ASCII format.
Navigation and bathymetry
Several GPS systems where used on the ship. These are treated hierarchically, with two used as backups to the first. The standard processing software, BESTNAV, identifies gaps in the preferred GPS stream, then fills them with data from the second choice stream, and finally, if necessary, with data from the third choice stream.
Meteorology
Meteorology data were collected from sensors mounted at 18.5 m height on the foremast platform. The ship's heading and course over ground were used to correct relative wind data to absolute values.
Sea surface hydrography
The surface water component consisted of a flow through system with a pumped pickup at 5 m depth. The TSG flow was set to approximately 25 L/min, and the fluorometer and transmissometer to a flow rate of approximately 3 L/min. The TSG conductivity and housing temperature were used to derive salinity.
BODC Data Processing
The data was received by BODC in ASCII format and converted into a single file with common time channel. During transfer, data were time-averaged to a common time interval, with directional data being averaged over a unit circle. All parameters were visually screened, and spikes flagged as suspect. Screening took into account comparisons between different parameters, and the environmental context.
Navigation and bathymetry
Bestnav latitude and longitude had some gaps, including one significant loss, due to the power failure, 02:08-03:47 02/12/2006. Gaps in the navigation channels were filled by linear interpolation.
Meteorology
BODC applied manufacturers' calibrations to the pyranometers and PAR sensors. Port and starboard PAR were merged, taking the maximum measured value from the pair for each cycle, to eliminate the shading effect of the ship. Port and starboard TIR were treated in the same way.
Wind data were screened with reference to the ship's heading, to account for the sheltering effect of the ship. BODC recalculated absolute wind speed and direction, from relative wind parameters and the ship's speed and heading, taking into account the vane orientation (0° at the stern). Air temperature were also screened with reference to heading, to identify instances of stack pollution.
Sea surface hydrography
TSG salinity was calibrated against CTD salinity averaged over the surface 10 m of the water column. A calibration dataset of 7 data pairs was analysed. There was no significant trend in instrument response with salinity, and although there was a suggestion of a temporal drift, the calibration dataset was too small for confidence. BODC has applied a mean offset calibration:
PSALSG01 = PSALSU01 - 0.1784
Hull temperature was calibrated against CTD temperature averaged over the surface 10 m of the water column. A calibration dataset of 8 data pairs was analysed. There was no significant trend in the instrument response with either time or temperature. BODC has applied a mean offset calibration:
TEMPHG01 = TEMPHU01 - 0.0903
Quality control report
Navigation and bathymetry
The echo sounder data have not been corrected for density affects. Bathymetric depth was found to be generally very poor. The data were heavily flagged by the originator, and BODC added further quality control flags where the data were particularly noisy, and when they severely deviated from GEBCO atlas bathymetry.
The navigation data suffered an outage between 02:08-03:47 02/12/2006. According to the cruise report the ship was hove to, sheltering off Rhum, during this period. BODC has judged it safe to fill the missing position data by linear interpolation.
Meteorology
Atmospheric temperature was rather erratic, with many sudden drops followed by a slow recovery. Wind speed and direction were rather noisy at times. Spikes in wind data associated with ship manoeuvres have been flagged.
Sea surface hydrography
No independent chlorophyll measurements were made on the cruise for calibration of chlorophyll fluorescence data. The fluorometer channel has been left as raw instrument output voltage.
Project Information
UK SOLAS, Field Observations of Sea Spray, Gas Fluxes and Whitecaps (SEASAW)
This project was led by the University of Leeds, in association with the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, and the University of the Highlands and Islands.
Sea spray aerosol particles, generated primarily by the action of the wind on the ocean surface, make a major contribution to the atmospheric aerosol over the global oceans. Their ability to participate in heterogeneous atmospheric chemical processes and especially their activity as cloud condensation nuclei make them very important in global climate processes. Similarly, the air-sea fluxes of trace gases, are influenced by wind speed and whitecap processes. The flux of carbon dioxide between atmosphere and ocean is a controlling factor on the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, but there are large uncertainties in the size of the flux as a function of wind speed; and the effects of factors such as wave breaking, surfacants, etc are almost entirely unknown.
SEASAW aimed to measure gas and particle fluxes across the air-sea interface by direct eddy-covariance methods and other techniques in order to determine their dependence on environmental factors.
Fieldwork comprised one dedicated open ocean research cruise: D317, and participation in another UK SOLAS cruise: D313. The observational data include:
- sea state, whitecapping and wave breaking
- bubble properties
- air-sea gas fluxes
- aerosol properties
More detailed information on this project may be found in the official cruise reports for D313 and D317.
Grant reference:
NE/C001869/1
Weblinks:
Funding: UKRI Gateway to Research
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Cruise
| Cruise Name | D313 (DOGEE SOLAS) |
| Departure Date | 2006-11-07 |
| Arrival Date | 2006-12-06 |
| Principal Scientist(s) | Robert Upstill-Goddard (Newcastle University School of Marine Science and Technology) |
| Ship | RRS Discovery |
Complete Cruise Metadata Report is available here
Fixed Station Information
No Fixed Station Information held for the Series
BODC Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
| Flag | Description |
|---|---|
| Blank | Unqualified |
| < | Below detection limit |
| > | In excess of quoted value |
| A | Taxonomic flag for affinis (aff.) |
| B | Beginning of CTD Down/Up Cast |
| C | Taxonomic flag for confer (cf.) |
| D | Thermometric depth |
| E | End of CTD Down/Up Cast |
| G | Non-taxonomic biological characteristic uncertainty |
| H | Extrapolated value |
| I | Taxonomic flag for single species (sp.) |
| K | Improbable value - unknown quality control source |
| L | Improbable value - originator's quality control |
| M | Improbable value - BODC quality control |
| N | Null value |
| O | Improbable value - user quality control |
| P | Trace/calm |
| Q | Indeterminate |
| R | Replacement value |
| S | Estimated value |
| T | Interpolated value |
| U | Uncalibrated |
| W | Control value |
| X | Excessive difference |
SeaDataNet Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
| Flag | Description |
|---|---|
| 0 | no quality control |
| 1 | good value |
| 2 | probably good value |
| 3 | probably bad value |
| 4 | bad value |
| 5 | changed value |
| 6 | value below detection |
| 7 | value in excess |
| 8 | interpolated value |
| 9 | missing value |
| A | value phenomenon uncertain |
| B | nominal value |
| Q | value below limit of quantification |
