Metadata Report for BODC Series Reference Number 2102328
Metadata Summary
Problem Reports
Data Access Policy
Narrative Documents
Project Information
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Fixed Station Information
BODC Quality Flags
SeaDataNet Quality Flags
Metadata Summary
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Problem Reports
Visual screening in BODC's in-house data visualisation software EDSERPLO alongside the fluorometer, sea surface temperature and salinity revealed the transmissometer channel to be completely unreliable - behaving erratically throughout the cruise. These transmissivity data have been flagged as suspect throughout.
Data Access Policy
Open Data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
You must always use the following attribution statement to acknowledge the source of the information: "Contains data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council."
Narrative Documents
WET Labs WETStar Fluorometers
WET Labs WETStar fluorometers are miniature flow-through fluorometers, designed to measure relative concentrations of chlorophyll, CDOM, uranine, rhodamineWT dye, or phycoerythrin pigment in a sample of water. The sample is pumped through a quartz tube, and excited by a light source tuned to the fluorescence characteristics of the object substance. A photodiode detector measures the portion of the excitation energy that is emitted as fluorescence.
Specifications
By model:
| Chlorophyll WETStar | CDOM WETStar | Uranine WETStar | Rhodamine WETStar | Phycoerythrin WETStar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitation wavelength | 460 nm | 370 nm | 485 nm | 470 nm | 525 nm |
| Emission wavelength | 695 nm | 460 nm | 530 nm | 590 nm | 575 nm |
| Sensitivity | 0.03 µg l-1 | 0.100 ppb QSD | 1 µg l-1 | - | - |
| Range | 0.03-75 µg l-1 | 0-100 ppb; 0-250 ppb | 0-4000 µg l-1 | - | - |
All models:
| Temperature range | 0-30°C |
|---|---|
| Depth rating | 600 m |
| Response time | 0.17 s analogue; 0.125 s digital |
| Output | 0-5 VDC analogue; 0-4095 counts digital |
Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet, and in the instrument manual.
WETLabs C-Star transmissometer
This instrument is designed to measure beam transmittance by submersion or with an optional flow tube for pumped applications. It can be used in profiles, moorings or as part of an underway system.
Two models are available, a 25 cm pathlength, which can be built in aluminum or co-polymer, and a 10 cm pathlength with a plastic housing. Both have an analog output, but a digital model is also available.
This instrument has been updated to provide a high resolution RS232 data output, while maintaining the same design and characteristics.
Specifications
| Pathlength | 10 or 25 cm |
| Wavelength | 370, 470, 530 or 660 nm |
| Bandwidth | ~ 20 nm for wavelengths of 470, 530 and 660 nm ~ 10 to 12 nm for a wavelength of 370 nm |
| Temperature error | 0.02 % full scale °C-1 |
| Temperature range | 0 to 30°C |
| Rated depth | 600 m (plastic housing) 6000 m (aluminum housing) |
Further details are available in the manufacturer's specification sheet or user guide.
Falmouth Scientific Inc. Ocean Sensor Modules
FSI's individual sensor modules include an Ocean Conductivity Module (OCM), Ocean Temperature Module (OTM) and Ocean Pressure Module (OPM). All three use a low power micro-controller to collect, scale and transmit real-time data via RS-232 or RS-485.
| Parameter | OCM Conductivity | OTM Temperature | OPM Pressure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Range | 0 - 7.0 S/m(0 - 70 mS/cm) | -2 to 32 °C | User Specified:0-200 dBar0-1000 dBar0-2000 dBar0-3000 dBar0-7000 dBar |
| Accuracy | -0.0003* S/m(-0.003 mS/cm) | -0.003 °C* | -0.03% full scale* |
| Stability /month | -0.00005 S/m(-0.0005 mS/cm) | -0.0005 °C | -0.002% full scale |
| Resolution | 0.00001 S/m(-0.0001 mS/cm) | 0.0001 °C | 0.0004% full scale |
| Response at 1 m/s flow | 50 msec | 150 msec | 25 msec |
| Sensor Type | Inductive cell | Platinum thermometer | Strain gauge |
* Higher accuracy available
For further details, see the manufacturer's specification sheet.
UK SOLAS Cruise D313 Underway Navigation, Meteorology and Sea Surface Hydrography Processing Document
Cruise details
| Dates | 07 November - 06 December 2006 |
|---|---|
| Principal Scientific Officer | Rob Upstill-Goddard, University of Newcastle upon Tyne |
Content of data series
| Parameter | Units | Parameter code | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Latitude | Degrees (+ve N) | ALATGP01 | - |
| Longitude | Degrees (+ve E) | ALONGP01 | - |
| Heading | Degrees | HEADCM01 | - |
| Ship's eastward velocity | cm s-1 | APEWGP01 | - |
| Ship's northward velocity | cm s-1 | APNSGP01 | - |
| Bathymetric depth | m | MBANUA01 | - |
| Absolute wind direction | Degrees | EWDASS01 | Corrected for ship's heading |
| Absolute wind speed | m s-1 | EWSBSS01 | Corrected for ship's motion and heading |
| Atmospheric temperature | °C | CDTASS01 | - |
| Atmospheric pressure | mbar | CAPHSL01 | - |
| Relative humidity | % | CRELSS01 | - |
| Relative wind direction | Degrees | ERWDSS01 | - |
| Relative wind speed | m s-1 | ERWSSS01 | - |
| PAR | W m-2 | DWIRRXMX | Starboard and port PAR combined |
| TIR | W m-2 | CSLRR1XS | Starboard and port PAR combined |
| Beam attenuance coefficient | m-1 | ATTNUN25 | Manufacturer's calibration applied |
| Raw chlorophyll fluorescence | V | FVLTWS01 | Manufacturer's calibration applied |
| Housing temperature | °C | TMESSG01 | Uncalibrated |
| Hull temperature | °C | TEMPHG01 | Calibrated against CTD temperature data |
| Salinity | - | PSALSG01 | Calibrated against CTD salinity data |
| Instrument output by 25 cm path length transmissometer | V | TVLTDZ01 | Uncalibrated |
Instrumentation
Navigation and bathymetry
| Instrument | Type | Main role |
|---|---|---|
| Trimble 4000 DS Surveyor | GPS | Navigation |
| Fugro Seastar DGPS (G12) | GPS | Navigation |
| Ashtec ADU-2 | GPS | Navigation |
| Gyrocompass | gyrocompass | Relative motion |
| Chernikeef log | EM log | Relative motion |
Meteorology
| Sensor | Serial Number | Last calibration date |
|---|---|---|
| Skye PAR (port) | SKE 510 1204 28558 | 21/12/2004 |
| Skye PAR (starboard) | SKE 510 1204 28557 | 21/12/2004 |
| Kipp & Zonen TIR (port) | 47463 | 22/12/2004 |
| Kipp & Zonen TIR (starboard) | 47462 | 22/12/2004 |
| Vaisala barometer PTB100A | S361 0008 (U1420016) | - |
| Vaisala anemometer WAA151 | P50421 | - |
| Vaisala wind vane WAV151 | S21208 | - |
| Vaisala temperature/humidity HMP44L | U 185 0012 | 12/02/2003 |
Surface hydrography
| Sensor | Serial Number | Last calibration date |
|---|---|---|
| FSI OTM Housing temperature | 1370 | 01/09/2004 |
| FSI OTM Remote temperature | 1360 | 01/09/2004 |
| FSI OCM Conductivity | 1376 | - |
| WET Labs Fluorometer | WS3S-247 | 05/12/2004 |
| WET Labs C-Star Transmissometer | CST-113R | 14/09/2005 |
Data processing by originator
Raw data were logged to NetCDF format through the ship's Techsas system. Data were converted to RVS binary format on a daily basis, for manual data processing including merging the navigation streams, deriving absolute winds and salinity, and correcting bathymetric depth data. Data were supplied to BODC in RVS ASCII format.
Navigation and bathymetry
Several GPS systems where used on the ship. These are treated hierarchically, with two used as backups to the first. The standard processing software, BESTNAV, identifies gaps in the preferred GPS stream, then fills them with data from the second choice stream, and finally, if necessary, with data from the third choice stream.
Meteorology
Meteorology data were collected from sensors mounted at 18.5 m height on the foremast platform. The ship's heading and course over ground were used to correct relative wind data to absolute values.
Sea surface hydrography
The surface water component consisted of a flow through system with a pumped pickup at 5 m depth. The TSG flow was set to approximately 25 L/min, and the fluorometer and transmissometer to a flow rate of approximately 3 L/min. The TSG conductivity and housing temperature were used to derive salinity.
BODC Data Processing
The data was received by BODC in ASCII format and converted into a single file with common time channel. During transfer, data were time-averaged to a common time interval, with directional data being averaged over a unit circle. All parameters were visually screened, and spikes flagged as suspect. Screening took into account comparisons between different parameters, and the environmental context.
Navigation and bathymetry
Bestnav latitude and longitude had some gaps, including one significant loss, due to the power failure, 02:08-03:47 02/12/2006. Gaps in the navigation channels were filled by linear interpolation.
Meteorology
BODC applied manufacturers' calibrations to the pyranometers and PAR sensors. Port and starboard PAR were merged, taking the maximum measured value from the pair for each cycle, to eliminate the shading effect of the ship. Port and starboard TIR were treated in the same way.
Wind data were screened with reference to the ship's heading, to account for the sheltering effect of the ship. BODC recalculated absolute wind speed and direction, from relative wind parameters and the ship's speed and heading, taking into account the vane orientation (0° at the stern). Air temperature were also screened with reference to heading, to identify instances of stack pollution.
Sea surface hydrography
TSG salinity was calibrated against CTD salinity averaged over the surface 10 m of the water column. A calibration dataset of 7 data pairs was analysed. There was no significant trend in instrument response with salinity, and although there was a suggestion of a temporal drift, the calibration dataset was too small for confidence. BODC has applied a mean offset calibration:
PSALSG01 = PSALSU01 - 0.1784
Hull temperature was calibrated against CTD temperature averaged over the surface 10 m of the water column. A calibration dataset of 8 data pairs was analysed. There was no significant trend in the instrument response with either time or temperature. BODC has applied a mean offset calibration:
TEMPHG01 = TEMPHU01 - 0.0903
Quality control report
Navigation and bathymetry
The echo sounder data have not been corrected for density affects. Bathymetric depth was found to be generally very poor. The data were heavily flagged by the originator, and BODC added further quality control flags where the data were particularly noisy, and when they severely deviated from GEBCO atlas bathymetry.
The navigation data suffered an outage between 02:08-03:47 02/12/2006. According to the cruise report the ship was hove to, sheltering off Rhum, during this period. BODC has judged it safe to fill the missing position data by linear interpolation.
Meteorology
Atmospheric temperature was rather erratic, with many sudden drops followed by a slow recovery. Wind speed and direction were rather noisy at times. Spikes in wind data associated with ship manoeuvres have been flagged.
Sea surface hydrography
No independent chlorophyll measurements were made on the cruise for calibration of chlorophyll fluorescence data. The fluorometer channel has been left as raw instrument output voltage.
Project Information
UK SOLAS, Field Observations of Sea Spray, Gas Fluxes and Whitecaps (SEASAW)
This project was led by the University of Leeds, in association with the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, and the University of the Highlands and Islands.
Sea spray aerosol particles, generated primarily by the action of the wind on the ocean surface, make a major contribution to the atmospheric aerosol over the global oceans. Their ability to participate in heterogeneous atmospheric chemical processes and especially their activity as cloud condensation nuclei make them very important in global climate processes. Similarly, the air-sea fluxes of trace gases, are influenced by wind speed and whitecap processes. The flux of carbon dioxide between atmosphere and ocean is a controlling factor on the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, but there are large uncertainties in the size of the flux as a function of wind speed; and the effects of factors such as wave breaking, surfacants, etc are almost entirely unknown.
SEASAW aimed to measure gas and particle fluxes across the air-sea interface by direct eddy-covariance methods and other techniques in order to determine their dependence on environmental factors.
Fieldwork comprised one dedicated open ocean research cruise: D317, and participation in another UK SOLAS cruise: D313. The observational data include:
- sea state, whitecapping and wave breaking
- bubble properties
- air-sea gas fluxes
- aerosol properties
More detailed information on this project may be found in the official cruise reports for D313 and D317.
Grant reference:
NE/C001869/1
Weblinks:
Funding: UKRI Gateway to Research
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Cruise
| Cruise Name | D313 (DOGEE SOLAS) |
| Departure Date | 2006-11-07 |
| Arrival Date | 2006-12-06 |
| Principal Scientist(s) | Robert Upstill-Goddard (Newcastle University School of Marine Science and Technology) |
| Ship | RRS Discovery |
Complete Cruise Metadata Report is available here
Fixed Station Information
No Fixed Station Information held for the Series
BODC Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
| Flag | Description |
|---|---|
| Blank | Unqualified |
| < | Below detection limit |
| > | In excess of quoted value |
| A | Taxonomic flag for affinis (aff.) |
| B | Beginning of CTD Down/Up Cast |
| C | Taxonomic flag for confer (cf.) |
| D | Thermometric depth |
| E | End of CTD Down/Up Cast |
| G | Non-taxonomic biological characteristic uncertainty |
| H | Extrapolated value |
| I | Taxonomic flag for single species (sp.) |
| K | Improbable value - unknown quality control source |
| L | Improbable value - originator's quality control |
| M | Improbable value - BODC quality control |
| N | Null value |
| O | Improbable value - user quality control |
| P | Trace/calm |
| Q | Indeterminate |
| R | Replacement value |
| S | Estimated value |
| T | Interpolated value |
| U | Uncalibrated |
| W | Control value |
| X | Excessive difference |
SeaDataNet Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
| Flag | Description |
|---|---|
| 0 | no quality control |
| 1 | good value |
| 2 | probably good value |
| 3 | probably bad value |
| 4 | bad value |
| 5 | changed value |
| 6 | value below detection |
| 7 | value in excess |
| 8 | interpolated value |
| 9 | missing value |
| A | value phenomenon uncertain |
| B | nominal value |
| Q | value below limit of quantification |
