Metadata Report for BODC Series Reference Number 2153445
Metadata Summary
Problem Reports
Data Access Policy
Narrative Documents
Project Information
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Fixed Station Information
BODC Quality Flags
SeaDataNet Quality Flags
Metadata Summary
Data Description |
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Data Identifiers |
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Time Co-ordinates(UT) |
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Spatial Co-ordinates | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Parameters |
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Definition of BOTTFLAG | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
BOTTFLAG | Definition |
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0 | The sampling event occurred without any incident being reported to BODC. |
1 | The filter in an in-situ sampling pump physically ruptured during sample resulting in an unquantifiable loss of sampled material. |
2 | Analytical evidence (e.g. surface water salinity measured on a sample collected at depth) indicates that the water sample has been contaminated by water from depths other than the depths of sampling. |
3 | The feedback indicator on the deck unit reported that the bottle closure command had failed. General Oceanics deck units used on NERC vessels in the 80s and 90s were renowned for reporting misfires when the bottle had been closed. This flag is also suitable for when a trigger command is mistakenly sent to a bottle that has previously been fired. |
4 | During the sampling deployment the bottle was fired in an order other than incrementing rosette position. Indicative of the potential for errors in the assignment of bottle firing depth, especially with General Oceanics rosettes. |
5 | Water was reported to be escaping from the bottle as the rosette was being recovered. |
6 | The bottle seals were observed to be incorrectly seated and the bottle was only part full of water on recovery. |
7 | Either the bottle was found to contain no sample on recovery or there was no bottle fitted to the rosette position fired (but SBE35 record may exist). |
8 | There is reason to doubt the accuracy of the sampling depth associated with the sample. |
9 | The bottle air vent had not been closed prior to deployment giving rise to a risk of sample contamination through leakage. |
Definition of Rank |
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Problem Reports
No Problem Report Found in the Database
Data Access Policy
Open Data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
You must always use the following attribution statement to acknowledge the source of the information: "Contains data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council."
Narrative Documents
Niskin Bottle
The Niskin bottle is a device used by oceanographers to collect subsurface seawater samples. It is a plastic bottle with caps and rubber seals at each end and is deployed with the caps held open, allowing free-flushing of the bottle as it moves through the water column.
Standard Niskin
The standard version of the bottle includes a plastic-coated metal spring or elastic cord running through the interior of the bottle that joins the two caps, and the caps are held open against the spring by plastic lanyards. When the bottle reaches the desired depth the lanyards are released by a pressure-actuated switch, command signal or messenger weight and the caps are forced shut and sealed, trapping the seawater sample.
Lever Action Niskin
The Lever Action Niskin Bottle differs from the standard version, in that the caps are held open during deployment by externally mounted stainless steel springs rather than an internal spring or cord. Lever Action Niskins are recommended for applications where a completely clear sample chamber is critical or for use in deep cold water.
Clean Sampling
A modified version of the standard Niskin bottle has been developed for clean sampling. This is teflon-coated and uses a latex cord to close the caps rather than a metal spring. The clean version of the Levered Action Niskin bottle is also teflon-coated and uses epoxy covered springs in place of the stainless steel springs. These bottles are specifically designed to minimise metal contamination when sampling trace metals.
Deployment
Bottles may be deployed singly clamped to a wire or in groups of up to 48 on a rosette. Standard bottles and Lever Action bottles have a capacity between 1.7 and 30 L. Reversing thermometers may be attached to a spring-loaded disk that rotates through 180° on bottle closure.
Helium concentrations from CTD samples for Cruises SO238 and JC112
Originator's Protocol for Data Acquisition and Analysis
Methods and Equipment
Water samples were taken in 10 litre PVC sample bottles attached to a CTD. Approximately 45 g of seawater from these samples were transferred at sea to 5/8 inch O.D. copper tubes which were then crimped for a helium-leak-tight seal. The samples were sent to Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and analysed at the Isotope Geochemistry Facility, using the methods described in Jenkins et al 2019.
References cited
Jenkins W.J., Lott D.E., Cahill K.L., 2019. A determination of atmospheric helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon solubility concentrations in water and seawater. Marine Chemistry, 211 (1), 94-107.
Instrument Description
Woods Hole Mass Spectrometer (custom-built, statically operated, dual-collecting, magnetic sector mass spectrometer).
SO238 and JC112 Cruise reports
Further information can be found in the SO238 and JC112 Cruise reports.
BODC Data Processing Procedures
Data were submitted in a spreadsheet containing He concentration and δ3He from OSCAR cruises SO238 and JC112 in the Panama Basin. Additional metadata such as station, CTD cast number and CTD bottle number were also included in the file. The data were reformatted and assigned BODC parameter codes.
A parameter mapping table is provided below:
Originator's Variable | Originator's Units | BODC Parameter Code | BODC Unit | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
C(He) | nmol/kg | HEXCMX01 | nmol/kg | - | - | - | SDHEMX01 | nmol/kg | Standard devitiation of C(He) |
Delta He-3 (%) | % | D3HEMXDG | % | - |
- | - | SDD3HEXX | % | Standard deviation of Delta He-3 |
Data Quality Report
Quality control checks were made and BODC applied flags where applicable. Replicate sample values were averaged and the standard deviation calculated. The data were then loaded into the BODC database using established BODC data banking procedures.
Project Information
Oceanographic and Seismic Characterisation of heat dissipation and alteration by hydrothermal fluids at an Axial Ridge (OSCAR)
Background
The cooling of young oceanic crust is the main physical process responsible for removing heat from the solid Earth to the hydrosphere. Close to the mid-ocean ridge rapid cooling is dominated by hydrothermal circulation of seawater through the porous and fractured basalt crust. This hydrothermal fluid is then discharged into the ocean mainly along the ridge. Once in the ocean, released heated seawater mixes with the ambient cold water to form a plume, which provides a mechanism to lift the densest waters away from the bottom boundary layer. These waters are then more readily available for further mixing and heating as part of the global thermohaline circulation system.
The data collected as part of the interdisciplinary OSCAR project will be used to investigate the effects of heat loss and hydrothermal circulation in both the solid Earth and the ocean.
The aim is to:
- Characterise how heat from the interior of the Earth is transported across the crust into the ocean by hydrothermal flows
- Determine the impact the hydrothermal and geothermal fluxes have on the circulation of the abyssal ocean and on the evolution of the oceanic crust.
With this aim, the data will be used to derive a new integrated model of the ocean and hydrothermal circulations at active ocean ridges and ridge flanks. The model will be constrained by geophysical, geological, and physical oceanography data and include fluxes through a permeable seabed. These data and resultant models will set a new benchmark for integrated multi-physics experiments. They will result in a new understanding of the fluid and heat fluxes at ocean ridges and a better understanding of what geophysical and oceanographic data actually resolve in the context of an oceanic axial ridge setting. The result is also a predictive model that can be applied to similar ocean ridge systems world-wide.
Fieldwork
Data collection took place in the Panama Basin, bounded in the north-west by the Cocos Ridge, by the Carnegie Ridge in the south and by South and Central America in the east and north, respectively. Measurements were collected during RRS James Cook cruises JC112 and JC113 (05/12/2014 to 16/01/2015), RRS James Cook cruise JC114 (22/01/2015 to 08/03/2015) and RV Sonne cruise SO328 (06/02/2015 to 06/03/2015). Data were collected using Bottom Pressure Recorder, Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), Magnetotelluric Lander, CTD, Vertical Microstructure Profiler, Synthetic Aperture Radar, Ocean-bottom seismograph and Multibeam echosounder. Measurement of salinity, oxygen and helium were also made and zooplankton samples collected with vertical net casts.
Participants
- Professor Richard W Hobbs (Principal Investigator - Parent Grant) Durham University
- Professor Christine Peirce (Co-Investigator) Durham University
- Professor Christopher J Ballentine (Co-Investigator) University of Oxford
- Professor Joanna V Morgan (Co-Investigator) Imperial College London
- Dr Miguel Morales Maqueda (Principal Investigator - Child Grant) Newcastle University
- Dr David A Smeed (Co-Investigator - Child Grant) National Oceanography Centre
- Dr Vincent CH Tong (Principal Investigator - Child Grant) Birkbeck College
Funding
This project was funded by Natural Environment Research Council parent grant NE/I027010/1 and child grants NE/I022868/1, NE/I022868/2, NE/I022957/1, and NE/I022957/2, entitled 'OSCAR - Oceanographic and Seismic Characterisation of heat dissipation and alteration by hydrothermal fluids at an Axial Ridge', with the former, parent grant led by Professor Richard W Hobbs, Durham University, and the latter child grants led by Dr Miguel Morales Maqueda, Newcastle University and Dr Vincent CH Tong, Birkbeck College.
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Data Activity
Start Date (yyyy-mm-dd) | 2015-01-12 |
End Date (yyyy-mm-dd) | Ongoing |
Organization Undertaking Activity | National Oceanography Centre, Liverpool |
Country of Organization | United Kingdom |
Originator's Data Activity Identifier | JC112_CTD_CTD082 |
Platform Category | lowered unmanned submersible |
BODC Sample Metadata Report for JC112_CTD_CTD082
Sample reference number | Nominal collection volume(l) | Bottle rosette position | Bottle firing sequence number | Minimum pressure sampled (dbar) | Maximum pressure sampled (dbar) | Depth of sampling point (m) | Bottle type | Sample quality flag | Bottle reference | Comments |
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1802753 | 10.00 | 1 | 3315.80 | 3317.30 | 3272.50 | Teflon-coated Niskin bottle | No problem reported | |||
1802756 | 10.00 | 2 | 3250.00 | 3252.00 | 3208.30 | Teflon-coated Niskin bottle | No problem reported | |||
1802759 | 10.00 | 3 | 3185.60 | 3186.40 | 3144.60 | Teflon-coated Niskin bottle | No problem reported | |||
1802762 | 10.00 | 4 | 3088.70 | 3089.80 | 3049.80 | Teflon-coated Niskin bottle | No problem reported | |||
1802765 | 10.00 | 5 | 2991.90 | 2993.00 | 2954.90 | Teflon-coated Niskin bottle | No problem reported | |||
1802768 | 10.00 | 6 | 2894.50 | 2895.80 | 2859.50 | Teflon-coated Niskin bottle | No problem reported | |||
1802771 | 10.00 | 7 | 2796.20 | 2798.20 | 2763.40 | Teflon-coated Niskin bottle | No problem reported | |||
1802774 | 10.00 | 8 | 2699.70 | 2700.80 | 2668.20 | Teflon-coated Niskin bottle | No problem reported | |||
1802777 | 10.00 | 9 | 2602.30 | 2603.40 | 2572.50 | Teflon-coated Niskin bottle | No problem reported | |||
1802780 | 10.00 | 10 | 2506.20 | 2507.50 | 2478.20 | Teflon-coated Niskin bottle | No problem reported | |||
1802783 | 10.00 | 11 | 2408.40 | 2409.20 | 2381.80 | Teflon-coated Niskin bottle | No problem reported | |||
1802786 | 10.00 | 12 | 2312.00 | 2312.80 | 2287.00 | Teflon-coated Niskin bottle | No problem reported | |||
1802789 | 10.00 | 13 | 2215.30 | 2216.20 | 2191.90 | Teflon-coated Niskin bottle | No problem reported | |||
1802792 | 10.00 | 14 | 2116.90 | 2118.10 | 2095.20 | Teflon-coated Niskin bottle | No problem reported | |||
1802795 | 10.00 | 15 | 2020.70 | 2021.90 | 2000.50 | Teflon-coated Niskin bottle | No problem reported | |||
1802798 | 10.00 | 16 | 1768.20 | 1769.30 | 1751.60 | Teflon-coated Niskin bottle | No problem reported | |||
1802801 | 10.00 | 17 | 1514.50 | 1515.10 | 1501.00 | Teflon-coated Niskin bottle | No problem reported | |||
1802804 | 10.00 | 18 | 1261.10 | 1262.60 | 1251.10 | Teflon-coated Niskin bottle | No problem reported | |||
1802807 | 10.00 | 19 | 1007.70 | 1009.20 | 1000.40 | Teflon-coated Niskin bottle | No problem reported | |||
1802810 | 10.00 | 20 | 506.00 | 506.60 | 502.90 | Teflon-coated Niskin bottle | No problem reported | |||
1802813 | 10.00 | 21 | 105.20 | 106.20 | 105.10 | Teflon-coated Niskin bottle | No problem reported | |||
1802816 | 10.00 | 22 | 53.90 | 54.80 | 54.00 | Teflon-coated Niskin bottle | No problem reported | |||
1802819 | 10.00 | 23 | 33.70 | 34.80 | 34.10 | Teflon-coated Niskin bottle | No problem reported | |||
1802822 | 10.00 | 24 | 13.80 | 14.20 | 13.90 | Teflon-coated Niskin bottle | No problem reported |
Please note:the supplied parameters may not have been sampled from all the bottle firings described in the table above. Cross-match the Sample Reference Number above against the SAMPRFNM value in the data file to identify the relevant metadata.
Cruise
Cruise Name | JC112 |
Departure Date | 2014-11-27 |
Arrival Date | 2015-01-16 |
Principal Scientist(s) | Miguel Angel Morales Maqueda (National Oceanography Centre, Liverpool) |
Ship | RRS James Cook |
Complete Cruise Metadata Report is available here
Fixed Station Information
No Fixed Station Information held for the Series
BODC Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
Flag | Description |
---|---|
Blank | Unqualified |
< | Below detection limit |
> | In excess of quoted value |
A | Taxonomic flag for affinis (aff.) |
B | Beginning of CTD Down/Up Cast |
C | Taxonomic flag for confer (cf.) |
D | Thermometric depth |
E | End of CTD Down/Up Cast |
G | Non-taxonomic biological characteristic uncertainty |
H | Extrapolated value |
I | Taxonomic flag for single species (sp.) |
K | Improbable value - unknown quality control source |
L | Improbable value - originator's quality control |
M | Improbable value - BODC quality control |
N | Null value |
O | Improbable value - user quality control |
P | Trace/calm |
Q | Indeterminate |
R | Replacement value |
S | Estimated value |
T | Interpolated value |
U | Uncalibrated |
W | Control value |
X | Excessive difference |
SeaDataNet Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
Flag | Description |
---|---|
0 | no quality control |
1 | good value |
2 | probably good value |
3 | probably bad value |
4 | bad value |
5 | changed value |
6 | value below detection |
7 | value in excess |
8 | interpolated value |
9 | missing value |
A | value phenomenon uncertain |
B | nominal value |
Q | value below limit of quantification |