Metadata Report for BODC Series Reference Number 1974922
Metadata Summary
Problem Reports
Data Access Policy
Narrative Documents
Project Information
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Fixed Station Information
BODC Quality Flags
SeaDataNet Quality Flags
Metadata Summary
Data Description |
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Data Identifiers |
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Time Co-ordinates(UT) |
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Spatial Co-ordinates | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Parameters |
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Definition of BOTTFLAG | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
BOTTFLAG | Definition |
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0 | The sampling event occurred without any incident being reported to BODC. |
1 | The filter in an in-situ sampling pump physically ruptured during sample resulting in an unquantifiable loss of sampled material. |
2 | Analytical evidence (e.g. surface water salinity measured on a sample collected at depth) indicates that the water sample has been contaminated by water from depths other than the depths of sampling. |
3 | The feedback indicator on the deck unit reported that the bottle closure command had failed. General Oceanics deck units used on NERC vessels in the 80s and 90s were renowned for reporting misfires when the bottle had been closed. This flag is also suitable for when a trigger command is mistakenly sent to a bottle that has previously been fired. |
4 | During the sampling deployment the bottle was fired in an order other than incrementing rosette position. Indicative of the potential for errors in the assignment of bottle firing depth, especially with General Oceanics rosettes. |
5 | Water was reported to be escaping from the bottle as the rosette was being recovered. |
6 | The bottle seals were observed to be incorrectly seated and the bottle was only part full of water on recovery. |
7 | Either the bottle was found to contain no sample on recovery or there was no bottle fitted to the rosette position fired (but SBE35 record may exist). |
8 | There is reason to doubt the accuracy of the sampling depth associated with the sample. |
9 | The bottle air vent had not been closed prior to deployment giving rise to a risk of sample contamination through leakage. |
Definition of Rank |
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Problem Reports
No Problem Report Found in the Database
Data Access Policy
Open Data
These data have no specific confidentiality restrictions for users. However, users must acknowledge data sources as it is not ethical to publish data without proper attribution. Any publication or other output resulting from usage of the data should include an acknowledgment.
If the Information Provider does not provide a specific attribution statement, or if you are using Information from several Information Providers and multiple attributions are not practical in your product or application, you may consider using the following:
"Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v1.0."
Narrative Documents
Turner Designs 700 (TD-700) Laboratory Fluorometer
The TD-700 Laboratory Fluorometer is a benchtop fluorometer that is designed to detect fluorescence over the UV to red range. It uses a Quartz Halogen Lamp or a Low Pressure Mercury Vapour Lamp to excite the species of interest and fluorescence is detected by a photomultiplier tube with a detection range of 300-650 nm. A red-sensitive tube with a detection range of 185-870 nm is also available. The instrument can measure concentrations of a variety of compounds, including chlorophyll-a and fluorescent dyes, and is thus suitable for a range of applications, including chlorophyll, water quality monitoring and fluorescent tracer studies.
The fluorometer uses a filter cylinder that accommodates up to eight, 1 inch round filters; four filters for excitation and four emission filters. The sample compartment can accommodate a wide range of sample volumes and an additional Helix Microcell accessory can be added for small sample volumes where three to nine µl of assay solution will be used. Application-specific optical kits can be combined with the TD-700 to determine the fluorescence of a variety of compounds.
Samples can be averaged to improve accuracy, and the instrument can read and subtract a blank measurement from the data, further improving the accuracy. Calibration of the fluorometer can either be multi-point for data output as concentrations or single-point for data output as raw fluorescence measurements. The TD-700 has now been replaced with the Trilogy Laboratory Fluorometer.
Specifications
Chlorophyll-a sensitivity | 20 ppt (ng/L) using 13 x 100 mm test tube and Red PMT |
PicoGreen Sensitivity | 25 pg/mL dsDNA in 2 mL assay volume. |
Hoechst Sensitivity | 5 ng/mL DNA in 2 mL assay volume. |
FITC Sensitivity | 20 pg/mL using 25 x 150 mm test tube; 50 pg/mL using 10 x 10 mm square cuvette. |
Standard Detector | Factory-installed photomultiplier tube 300 - 650 nm. |
Red Sensitive Detector | Factory-installed photomultiplier 185 - 870 nm |
Filter Cylinder | Accommodates eight, 1-inch round filters, (four excitation and four emission). |
Lamp | Quartz Halogen Lamp (20 watts; Lamp life = 2000 hours) or Low Pressure Mercury Vapor Lamp (4 watts; Lamp life = 8000 hours) |
Readout | Direct Concentration or Raw Fluorescence. |
Calibration | Multi-point Calibration for Direct Concentration Measurement or Single-Point Raw Fluorescence Calibration. |
Discrete Sample Averaging | Sample readings can be averaged to improve accuracy (7-second delay; 12-second signal averaging; 5-second display readout). |
Kinetics Software | Outputs every 1, 2, 5, 10, 30, or 60 seconds. User selectable. |
Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.
Niskin Bottle
The Niskin bottle is a device used by oceanographers to collect subsurface seawater samples. It is a plastic bottle with caps and rubber seals at each end and is deployed with the caps held open, allowing free-flushing of the bottle as it moves through the water column.
Standard Niskin
The standard version of the bottle includes a plastic-coated metal spring or elastic cord running through the interior of the bottle that joins the two caps, and the caps are held open against the spring by plastic lanyards. When the bottle reaches the desired depth the lanyards are released by a pressure-actuated switch, command signal or messenger weight and the caps are forced shut and sealed, trapping the seawater sample.
Lever Action Niskin
The Lever Action Niskin Bottle differs from the standard version, in that the caps are held open during deployment by externally mounted stainless steel springs rather than an internal spring or cord. Lever Action Niskins are recommended for applications where a completely clear sample chamber is critical or for use in deep cold water.
Clean Sampling
A modified version of the standard Niskin bottle has been developed for clean sampling. This is teflon-coated and uses a latex cord to close the caps rather than a metal spring. The clean version of the Levered Action Niskin bottle is also teflon-coated and uses epoxy covered springs in place of the stainless steel springs. These bottles are specifically designed to minimise metal contamination when sampling trace metals.
Deployment
Bottles may be deployed singly clamped to a wire or in groups of up to 48 on a rosette. Standard bottles and Lever Action bottles have a capacity between 1.7 and 30 L. Reversing thermometers may be attached to a spring-loaded disk that rotates through 180° on bottle closure.
IBIS cruise D354 CTD Chl-a, POC/N, PIC and BSi sampling document
Originator's data acquisition and analysis
Each stainless steel CTD cast was sampled by taking water from the top six depths of the euphotic layer (surface to approx 50m). The sample water was drawn into 20L black carboys to filter for pigments (chl-a), particulate organic carbon/nitrogen and inorganic carbon (POC/N, PIC), and biogenic silica. (BSi).
For chl-a, 250ml seawater was filtered onto Whatman GF/F filters that were then placed in 8ml 90 percent acetone for 24hrs in a dark 4°C CT room for pigment extraction. For the >5µm fraction, phytoplankton were retained from a 250ml filtered sample on Millipore 5µm membrane filters and pigment was extracted as before. After extraction, chl-a was measured on a Turner fluorometer (Welschmeyer technique).
For POC/N, between 1000 and 2000ml seawater was filtered onto pre-ashed Whatman GF/F filters. These were then placed in Eppendorf tubes and dried overnight in an oven at 30°C for storage prior to analysis using a Thermo Finnegan Flash EA1112 Elemental Analyser.
For BSi, between 250 and 500ml of seawater was filtered onto Whatman 0.8µm polycarbonate filters. After filtration, the filters were placed into plastic 20ml scintillation vials to dry at room temperature prior to later digestion and analysis using a liquid scintillation counter.
For PIC, which is dominated by calcite, and provides a measure of coccolithophore abundance. Between 250-500ml seawater was filtered onto Whatman 0.8µm polycarbonate filters that were then rinsed in buffered ammonium solution to remove salts. The filters were placed in 60ml centrifuge tubes to dry at room temperature prior to analysis using a liquid scintillation counter.
BODC data banking procedures
The data were originally submitted to BODC in an Excel file named 'D354_bottle_compendium_031011.xlsx'. This file contains a single worksheet where all metadata and data (CTD sensor data as well as discrete sample data) associated with each Niskin bottle fired throughout all casts of the cruise are stored.
Parameter details are displayed in the table below:
Originator's Variable | Units | Description | BODC Parameter Code | Units | Comments |
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Chlorophyll total | µg/l | Concentration of chlorophyll-a {chl-a CAS 479-61-8} per unit volume of the water body [particulate >GF/F phase] by filtration, acetone extraction and fluorometry | CPHLFLP1 | mg m-3 | Equal units - no conversion needed |
Chlorophyll >5u | µg/l | Concentration of chlorophyll-a {chl-a CAS 479-61-8} per unit volume of the water body [particulate >5um phase] by filtration, acetone extraction and fluorometry | SCHLFLPA | mg m-3 | Equal units - no conversion needed |
N (PON) | µmol/l | Concentration of total nitrogen {total_N} {PON} per unit volume of the water body [particulate >GF/F phase] by filtration and elemental analysis | NTOTCNP1 | µmol/l | - |
C (POC) | µmol/l | Concentration of total carbon {total_C CAS 7440-44-0} {POC} per unit volume of the water body [particulate >GF/F phase] by filtration, no acidification and elemental analysis | CORGCNP1 | µmol/l | - |
Bsi | µmol/l | Concentration of biogenic silica {BSi opal} per unit volume of the water body [particulate >0.8um phase] | OPALW8XX | µmol/l | - |
PIC | µmol/l | Concentration of inorganic carbon {inorganic_C CAS 7440-44-0} per unit volume of the water body [particulate >0.8um phase] | CCA17035 | µmol/l | - |
No flags were submitted by the originator and no flags have been added by BODC.
Project Information
Iron Biogeochemistry in the high latitude North Atlantic - Irminger Basin Iron Study (IBIS)
Funding
Funding was provided by NERC, in the form of four standard (full Economic Cost - fEC) grants with a total value of £528,607. The project was a study of the iron (Fe) biogeochemistry in the high latitude North Atlantic, with the results providing a better understanding of the role that nutrients like iron play in the growth of phytoplankton cells in the ocean. The gathered data were intended to help computer modellers to design improved climate models that would allow for better predictions of the extent of climate change over the next hundreds of years.
Project dates - 21 June 2007 to 08 November 2013.
Background
With the rise in carbon dioxide concentrations throughout the world, the importance of carbon-ingesting marine plants, such as phytoplankton is becoming more important. As phytoplankton take up atmospheric carbon dioxide, they are helping to reduce the atmospheric concentration. Recently it has been discovered that the phytoplankton in many of the world's oceans are lacking in iron. For example, in the Southern Ocean, phytoplankton cell growth is limited by very low iron concentrations. Thus, they do not remove as much carbon dioxide as they could. Recent studies have suggested that iron may even play a role in the phytoplankton growth in the high latitude North Atlantic, which was thought to be iron replete.
Objectives
The main objective of this project was to study the iron biogeochemistry of the high latitude North Atlantic, assess whether community productivity in parts of the high latitude North Atlantic was iron limited following the annual spring bloom, and to determine the factors which lead to this situation. This project studied whether iron was limiting phytoplankton growth in the study area, by undertaking two cruises and taking samples of water, sedimenting material, and atmospheric dust and rain. The project also directly investigated whether iron is limiting the growth of phytoplankton in water samples from the study area.
Participants
Organisations directly involved- University of Southampton, School of Ocean and Earth Science.
- University of Liverpool, Earth Surface Dynamics.
- University of Essex, Biological Sciences.
- University of East Anglia, Environmental Sciences.
- Prof. Eric Achterberg, University of Southampton, School of Ocean and Earth Science (Principal Investigator)
- Dr. Gary Fones, University of Portsmouth, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences
- Dr. Richard Sanders, National Oceanography Centre, Science and Technology
- Dr. Christopher Mark Moore, University of Southampton, School of Ocean and Earth Science
- Prof. Richard Geider University of Essex, Biological Sciences
- Prof. Tim Jickells, University of East Anglia, Environmental Sciences
- Prof. Ric Williams, University of Liverpool, Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences
Methodology
- Took samples of water, sediments, atmospheric dust and rain.
- Calculated the supply ratios of iron (Fe) to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and carbon (C) to the surface oceans and in sedimenting material.
- Calculated the oceanic transfers of these elements using models.
- Assessed whether iron was limiting phytoplankton growth using both models and water samples analysis.
More information can be found within the Gateway to Research website.
Fieldwork
Two research cruises
- RRS Discovery D350 - 26 April 2010 to 09 May 2010. Departed from Govan, UK and arrived in Reykjavík, Iceland. Study area: North Atlantic Ocean - Irminger and Iceland Basins. Principal Scientist: Dr. Mark Moore, University of Southampton.
- RRS Discovery D354 - 10 July 2010 to 11 August 2010. Departed from Avonmouth, UK and arrived in Birkenhead, UK. Study area: North Atlantic Ocean - Iceland and Irminger Basins. Principal Scientist: Prof. Eric Achterberg, University of Southampton.
Instrumentation
- Stainless Steel CTD rosette
- Titanium CTD rosette
- VM ADCP 75 kHz
- VM ADCP 150 kHz
- Stand Alone Pump Systems (SAPS)
- PELAGRA - Neutrally Buoyant Sediment Traps
- Trace metal clean tow fish
- Seasoar with CTD, fluorometer and Laser Optical Plankton Counter (LOPC)
- Zooplankton nets
- Underway - Navigation, surface and meteorology
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Data Activity
Start Date (yyyy-mm-dd) | 2010-07-19 |
End Date (yyyy-mm-dd) | 2010-07-19 |
Organization Undertaking Activity | University of Southampton School of Ocean and Earth Science |
Country of Organization | United Kingdom |
Originator's Data Activity Identifier | D354_UCCTD_CTD_Ti_012 |
Platform Category | lowered unmanned submersible |
BODC Sample Metadata Report for D354_UCCTD_CTD_Ti_012
Sample reference number | Nominal collection volume(l) | Bottle rosette position | Bottle firing sequence number | Minimum pressure sampled (dbar) | Maximum pressure sampled (dbar) | Depth of sampling point (m) | Bottle type | Sample quality flag | Bottle reference | Comments |
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1187633 | 10.00 | 2 | 1 | 905.10 | 906.10 | 895.10 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
1187636 | 10.00 | 3 | 2 | 504.70 | 505.70 | 499.80 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
1187639 | 10.00 | 4 | 3 | 304.00 | 305.00 | 301.40 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
1187642 | 10.00 | 5 | 4 | 202.70 | 203.70 | 201.20 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
1187645 | 10.00 | 7 | 5 | 102.60 | 103.60 | 102.10 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
1187648 | 10.00 | 8 | 6 | 81.70 | 82.70 | 81.40 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
1187651 | 10.00 | 16 | 7 | 81.70 | 82.70 | 81.40 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
1187654 | 10.00 | 17 | 8 | 81.70 | 82.70 | 81.40 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | Position no. 8 fired after no. 7 | |
1187657 | 10.00 | 22 | 9 | 51.30 | 52.30 | 51.30 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
1187660 | 10.00 | 21 | 10 | 31.20 | 32.20 | 31.40 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
1187663 | 10.00 | 14 | 11 | 21.20 | 22.20 | 21.50 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
1187666 | 10.00 | 15 | 12 | 21.30 | 22.30 | 21.60 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
1187669 | 10.00 | 24 | 13 | 21.20 | 22.20 | 21.50 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported |
Please note:the supplied parameters may not have been sampled from all the bottle firings described in the table above. Cross-match the Sample Reference Number above against the SAMPRFNM value in the data file to identify the relevant metadata.
Related Data Activity activities are detailed in Appendix 1
Cruise
Cruise Name | D354 |
Departure Date | 2010-07-04 |
Arrival Date | 2010-08-11 |
Principal Scientist(s) | Eric Pieter Achterberg (University of Southampton School of Ocean and Earth Science) |
Ship | RRS Discovery |
Complete Cruise Metadata Report is available here
Fixed Station Information
No Fixed Station Information held for the Series
BODC Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
Flag | Description |
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Blank | Unqualified |
< | Below detection limit |
> | In excess of quoted value |
A | Taxonomic flag for affinis (aff.) |
B | Beginning of CTD Down/Up Cast |
C | Taxonomic flag for confer (cf.) |
D | Thermometric depth |
E | End of CTD Down/Up Cast |
G | Non-taxonomic biological characteristic uncertainty |
H | Extrapolated value |
I | Taxonomic flag for single species (sp.) |
K | Improbable value - unknown quality control source |
L | Improbable value - originator's quality control |
M | Improbable value - BODC quality control |
N | Null value |
O | Improbable value - user quality control |
P | Trace/calm |
Q | Indeterminate |
R | Replacement value |
S | Estimated value |
T | Interpolated value |
U | Uncalibrated |
W | Control value |
X | Excessive difference |
SeaDataNet Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
Flag | Description |
---|---|
0 | no quality control |
1 | good value |
2 | probably good value |
3 | probably bad value |
4 | bad value |
5 | changed value |
6 | value below detection |
7 | value in excess |
8 | interpolated value |
9 | missing value |
A | value phenomenon uncertain |
B | nominal value |
Q | value below limit of quantification |
Appendix 1: D354_UCCTD_CTD_Ti_012
Related series for this Data Activity are presented in the table below. Further information can be found by following the appropriate links.
If you are interested in these series, please be aware we offer a multiple file download service. Should your credentials be insufficient for automatic download, the service also offers a referral to our Enquiries Officer who may be able to negotiate access.
Series Identifier | Data Category | Start date/time | Start position | Cruise |
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1974400 | Water sample data | 2010-07-19 17:53:00 | 59.9991 N, 41.9941 W | RRS Discovery D354 |