Metadata Report for BODC Series Reference Number 1028885
Metadata Summary
Problem Reports
Data Access Policy
Narrative Documents
Project Information
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Fixed Station Information
BODC Quality Flags
SeaDataNet Quality Flags
Metadata Summary
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Time Co-ordinates(UT) |
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Parameters |
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Problem Reports
No Problem Report Found in the Database
Data Quality Report
No problems were reported by the data originator, or identified by BODC. Data were visually screened by BODC, and a few spikes well outside, and lower than, the background variability have been flagged as suspect. The signal is likely to have been affected by stack contamination at times.
Data Access Policy
Public domain data
These data have no specific confidentiality restrictions for users. However, users must acknowledge data sources as it is not ethical to publish data without proper attribution. Any publication or other output resulting from usage of the data should include an acknowledgment.
The recommended acknowledgment is
"This study uses data from the data source/organisation/programme, provided by the British Oceanographic Data Centre and funded by the funding body."
Narrative Documents
GRIMM Condensation Particle Counter 5.403
The GRIMM Aerosol Technik GmbH & Co. Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) Model 5.403 is a portable nano particle counter. The GRIMM CPC detects particles in the size range 4.5 nm to >3 µm, at concentrations between 1 cm-1 and 107 cm-1. Sampling and analysis are automated, and counts returned at 1 Hz resolution. Accompanying GRIMM software allows real time logging and calibration of data.
Sample air is drawn into a saturator chamber, where it is saturated with butanol vapour, and heated to a homogeneous 35 °C. The sample then passes into the condensor unit, and is cooled to 10 °C. The butanol vapour condenses onto aerosol particles, which act as condensation nuclei. The butanol droplets, at around 10 µm, are counted by an optical particle counter, using a laser source and 90° photodiode collection. The opticle particle counter operates in either of two modes. For standard environmental concentrations, below 20,000 cm-1, each particle is counted individually. At concentrations above 20,000 cm-1, concentrations are derived, using calibration curves, from total light scattering from all particles in the detection zone.
Grimm Mobile Condensation Particle Counter 5.403
The Grimm Mobile Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) is designed to measure aerosol nanoparticles as small as 4.5 nm at concentrations of up to 107 particles cm-3. Both models include a condensate removal and anti-spill design for the modern thermal diffusion-laminar flow CPC.
The instrument has a built-in control unit for Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) measurements and a pump for the sheath air of a Differential Mobility Analyser (DMA).
Specifications
| Particle size range | 4.5 nm to >3 µm |
| Particle concentration range | 0 to 20000 particles cm-3 (with coincidence correction) 0 to 107 particles cm-3 (with photometric mode) |
| Particle concentration accuracy | 5 % (single particle counting) 10 % (photometric mode) |
| Response time | T90 = 3.9 s (low flow mode) |
| Flow rates of sample air | 0.3 L min-1 (Standard flow) 1.5 L min-1 (High flow) |
| Working fluid | 1-Butanol |
| Flow rate of sheath air | 3 L min-1 |
| Operating temperature | 10 to 35°C |
| Ambient humidity | 0 to 95 % (noncondensing) |
| Pressure | ± 50 mbar to ambient pressure |
| Sampling | 1 Hz |
Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.
BODC Processing
Data were received in NetCDF, with one file for each day of operation (eg: uol_cpc_D313_20061202.nc). Each file included serial date and time, and particle concentration. No position data were supplied with the CPC data. Latitude and longitude were merged into the data files, by BODC, from the screened and processed cruise navigation file, matching on time.
Parameter codes defined in the BODC parameter dictionary were mapped to the variables as follows:
| Originator's Parameter | Unit | Description | BODC Parameter Code | Unit | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Concentration | ml-1 | Abundance of particles per unit volume of the atmosphere [aerosol phase] by in-situ particle counter | OPCBAER1 | ml-1 | none |
| Latitude | Degrees | Latitude north (WGS84) by unspecified GPS system | ALATGP01 | Degrees | Merged from navigation file by BODC |
| Longitude | Degrees | Longitude east (WGS84) by unspecified GPS system | ALONGP01 | Degrees | Merged from navigation file by BODC |
The data were banked according to BODC standard procedures for series data. Once tagged with the appropriate parameter code, the data were loaded into BODC Series Database.
Originator's Data Processing
Sampling Strategy
Aerosol particle counts were recorded at 10 second intervals, during D313, by the Grimm Condensation Particle Counter (CPC). The instrument was operational for 10 hours on 16/11/2007 and, after a break for essential repairs to the ship, for 13 days from 19/11/2007 to 02/12/2007. The CPC was supplied by a 2 inch sample line with intake mounted on the mast above the monkey island. The sample line also supplied, via isokinetic sampling ports, the aethalometer, the Passive Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer Probe (PCASP), the GRIMM Aerosol Spectrometer (dust monitor), the Volatile Aerosol Concentrationand Composition instrument (VACC), and the Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (ATOFMS).
Project Information
Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study
The Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) is an international research initiative comprising over 1500 scientists in 23 countries. Its central goal is to understand the biogeochemical-physical interactions between the ocean and atmosphere, and how their coupling affects, and is affected by climate change.
UK SOLAS, Field Observations of Sea Spray, Gas Fluxes and Whitecaps (SEASAW)
This project was led by the University of Leeds, in association with the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, and the University of the Highlands and Islands.
Sea spray aerosol particles, generated primarily by the action of the wind on the ocean surface, make a major contribution to the atmospheric aerosol over the global oceans. Their ability to participate in heterogeneous atmospheric chemical processes and especially their activity as cloud condensation nuclei make them very important in global climate processes. Similarly, the air-sea fluxes of trace gases, are influenced by wind speed and whitecap processes. The flux of carbon dioxide between atmosphere and ocean is a controlling factor on the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, but there are large uncertainties in the size of the flux as a function of wind speed; and the effects of factors such as wave breaking, surfacants, etc are almost entirely unknown.
SEASAW aimed to measure gas and particle fluxes across the air-sea interface by direct eddy-covariance methods and other techniques in order to determine their dependence on environmental factors.
Fieldwork comprised one dedicated open ocean research cruise: D317, and participation in another UK SOLAS cruise: D313. The observational data include:
- sea state, whitecapping and wave breaking
- bubble properties
- air-sea gas fluxes
- aerosol properties
More detailed information on this project may be found in the official cruise reports for D313 and D317.
Grant reference:
NE/C001869/1
Weblinks:
Funding: UKRI Gateway to Research
UK Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study
The UK Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (UK SOLAS) is the UK's contribution to the international SOLAS programme.
UK SOLAS formed interdisciplinary teams to address three primary aims
- To determine the mechanisms controlling rates of chemical transfer and improve estimates of chemical exchanges
- To evaluate the impact of these exchanges on the biogeochemistry of the surface ocean and lower atmosphere and on feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere
- To quantify the impacts of these boundary layer processes on the global climate system
UK SOLAS started in 2003, to run for seven years. The programme was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council.
Funded projects
In total, 19 projects have been funded by UK SOLAS, over four funding rounds.
| Project Title | Short Title | Principal Investigator |
|---|---|---|
| Impact of atmospheric dust derived material and nutrient inputs on near-surface plankton microbiota in the tropical North Atlantic | Dust | Eric Achterberg |
| The role and effects of photoprotective compounds in marine plankton | - | Steve Archer |
| Field observations of sea spray, gas fluxes and whitecaps | SEASAW | Ian Brooks |
| Factors influencing the biogeochemistry of iodine in the marine environment | - | Lucy Carpenter |
| Global model of aerosol processes - effects of aerosol in the marine atmospheric boundary layer | GLOMAP | Ken Carslaw |
| Ecological controls on fluxes of dimethyl sulphide (DMS) to the atmosphere | - | David Green |
| Dust outflow and deposition to the ocean | DODO | Ellie Highwood |
| Investigation of near surface production of iodocarbons - rates and exchanges | INSPIRE | Gill Malin |
| Reactive halogens in the marine boundary layer | RHaMBLe | Gordon McFiggans |
| The role of bacterioneuston in determining trace gas exchange rates | - | Colin Murrell |
| Measuring methanol in sea water and investigating its sources and sinks in the marine environment | - | Phil Nightingale |
| The impact of coastal upwellings on air-sea exchange of climatically important gases | ICON | Carol Robinson |
| The Deep Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment | DOGEE | Rob Upstill-Goddard |
| High wind air-sea exchanges | HiWASE | Margaret Yelland |
| Aerosol characterisation and modelling in the marine environment | ACMME | James Allan |
| 3D simulation of dimethyl sulphide (DMS) in the north east Atlantic | - | Icarus Allen |
| Processes affecting the chemistry and bioavailability of dust borne iron | - | Michael Krom |
| The chemical structure of the lowermost atmosphere | - | Alastair Lewis |
| Factors influencing the oxidative chemistry of the marine boundary layer | - | Paul Monks |
UK SOLAS has also supported ten tied studentships, and two CASE studentships.
Fieldwork
UK SOLAS fieldwork has included eight dedicated research cruises in the North Atlantic Ocean. Continuous measurements were made aboard aboard the Norwegian weather ship, Polarfront, until her decommission in 2009. Time series have been established at the SOLAS Cape Verde Observatory, and at the Plymouth Marine Laboratory L4 station. Experiments have taken place at the Bergen mesocosm facility.
A series of collaborative aircraft campaigns have added complementary atmospheric data. These campaigns were funded by UK SOLAS, African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA-UK), Dust and Biomass Experiment (DABEX) and the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM).
Weblink: http://www.nerc.ac.uk/research/programmes/solas/
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Cruise
| Cruise Name | D313 (DOGEE SOLAS) |
| Departure Date | 2006-11-07 |
| Arrival Date | 2006-12-06 |
| Principal Scientist(s) | Robert Upstill-Goddard (Newcastle University School of Marine Science and Technology) |
| Ship | RRS Discovery |
Complete Cruise Metadata Report is available here
Fixed Station Information
No Fixed Station Information held for the Series
BODC Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
| Flag | Description |
|---|---|
| Blank | Unqualified |
| < | Below detection limit |
| > | In excess of quoted value |
| A | Taxonomic flag for affinis (aff.) |
| B | Beginning of CTD Down/Up Cast |
| C | Taxonomic flag for confer (cf.) |
| D | Thermometric depth |
| E | End of CTD Down/Up Cast |
| G | Non-taxonomic biological characteristic uncertainty |
| H | Extrapolated value |
| I | Taxonomic flag for single species (sp.) |
| K | Improbable value - unknown quality control source |
| L | Improbable value - originator's quality control |
| M | Improbable value - BODC quality control |
| N | Null value |
| O | Improbable value - user quality control |
| P | Trace/calm |
| Q | Indeterminate |
| R | Replacement value |
| S | Estimated value |
| T | Interpolated value |
| U | Uncalibrated |
| W | Control value |
| X | Excessive difference |
SeaDataNet Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
| Flag | Description |
|---|---|
| 0 | no quality control |
| 1 | good value |
| 2 | probably good value |
| 3 | probably bad value |
| 4 | bad value |
| 5 | changed value |
| 6 | value below detection |
| 7 | value in excess |
| 8 | interpolated value |
| 9 | missing value |
| A | value phenomenon uncertain |
| B | nominal value |
| Q | value below limit of quantification |
