Metadata Report for BODC Series Reference Number 1334519
Metadata Summary
Problem Reports
Data Access Policy
Narrative Documents
Project Information
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Fixed Station Information
BODC Quality Flags
SeaDataNet Quality Flags
Metadata Summary
Data Description |
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Data Identifiers |
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Time Co-ordinates(UT) |
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Spatial Co-ordinates | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Parameters |
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Definition of BOTTFLAG | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
BOTTFLAG | Definition |
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0 | The sampling event occurred without any incident being reported to BODC. |
1 | The filter in an in-situ sampling pump physically ruptured during sample resulting in an unquantifiable loss of sampled material. |
2 | Analytical evidence (e.g. surface water salinity measured on a sample collected at depth) indicates that the water sample has been contaminated by water from depths other than the depths of sampling. |
3 | The feedback indicator on the deck unit reported that the bottle closure command had failed. General Oceanics deck units used on NERC vessels in the 80s and 90s were renowned for reporting misfires when the bottle had been closed. This flag is also suitable for when a trigger command is mistakenly sent to a bottle that has previously been fired. |
4 | During the sampling deployment the bottle was fired in an order other than incrementing rosette position. Indicative of the potential for errors in the assignment of bottle firing depth, especially with General Oceanics rosettes. |
5 | Water was reported to be escaping from the bottle as the rosette was being recovered. |
6 | The bottle seals were observed to be incorrectly seated and the bottle was only part full of water on recovery. |
7 | Either the bottle was found to contain no sample on recovery or there was no bottle fitted to the rosette position fired (but SBE35 record may exist). |
8 | There is reason to doubt the accuracy of the sampling depth associated with the sample. |
9 | The bottle air vent had not been closed prior to deployment giving rise to a risk of sample contamination through leakage. |
Definition of Rank |
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Problem Reports
No Problem Report Found in the Database
Data Access Policy
Open Data
These data have no specific confidentiality restrictions for users. However, users must acknowledge data sources as it is not ethical to publish data without proper attribution. Any publication or other output resulting from usage of the data should include an acknowledgment.
If the Information Provider does not provide a specific attribution statement, or if you are using Information from several Information Providers and multiple attributions are not practical in your product or application, you may consider using the following:
"Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v1.0."
Narrative Documents
Niskin Bottle
The Niskin bottle is a device used by oceanographers to collect subsurface seawater samples. It is a plastic bottle with caps and rubber seals at each end and is deployed with the caps held open, allowing free-flushing of the bottle as it moves through the water column.
Standard Niskin
The standard version of the bottle includes a plastic-coated metal spring or elastic cord running through the interior of the bottle that joins the two caps, and the caps are held open against the spring by plastic lanyards. When the bottle reaches the desired depth the lanyards are released by a pressure-actuated switch, command signal or messenger weight and the caps are forced shut and sealed, trapping the seawater sample.
Lever Action Niskin
The Lever Action Niskin Bottle differs from the standard version, in that the caps are held open during deployment by externally mounted stainless steel springs rather than an internal spring or cord. Lever Action Niskins are recommended for applications where a completely clear sample chamber is critical or for use in deep cold water.
Clean Sampling
A modified version of the standard Niskin bottle has been developed for clean sampling. This is teflon-coated and uses a latex cord to close the caps rather than a metal spring. The clean version of the Levered Action Niskin bottle is also teflon-coated and uses epoxy covered springs in place of the stainless steel springs. These bottles are specifically designed to minimise metal contamination when sampling trace metals.
Deployment
Bottles may be deployed singly clamped to a wire or in groups of up to 48 on a rosette. Standard bottles and Lever Action bottles have a capacity between 1.7 and 30 L. Reversing thermometers may be attached to a spring-loaded disk that rotates through 180° on bottle closure.
Dissolved inorganic nutrients measurements from CTD bottles collected during NABOS/CABOS cruise NABOS2008 as part of the ASBO project
Originator's Protocol for Data Acquisition and Analysis
Seawater samples were taken from a CTD-rosette sampling system mounted on a lowered Seabird Electronics SeaCAT Profiler SBE19plus. The CTD was not on a conducting wire, so an auto-fire module was used to fire the bottles while the rosette was in motion. Water samples were collected using five liter Niskin bottles which were fired on the downcast from stations one to seven after which the bottles were fired on the upcast. The CTD data in the upper two-six bottles for the upcast CTDs were unusable as the sensors had not thawed out and the pump hadn't started. The CTD temperatures and salinities for the uppermost three bottles on station one, the uppermost five on station two, the uppermost four on station four, the uppermost six on station six, and the uppermost four bottles on station seven were unusable. The pressure and bottle salinity data are unaffected.
Seawater was collected for the analysis of dissolved inorganic nutrients, dissolved oxygen, barium, δ18O and salinity. Dissolved oxygen, barium, δ18O and salinity have been loaded separately. Samples were taken from 46 CTD casts.
Seawater samples were collected in 30 mL plastic pots for the analysis of nitrate and nitrite (NO3 - and NO2 -), phosphate (PO4 3-), and silicate (Si(OH)4). Pots were rinsed three times with seawater before collection. Analyses were carried out within 30 minutes of sample collection using a segmented continuous flow Skalar Sanplus autoanalyser set up for analysis and data logging with the Flow Access Software version 1.3.11. Five mM stock standard solutions prepared in Milli-Q water were used to produce working standards. Working standards were prepared in a saline solution (40 g NaCl L-1 of Milli-Q water) which was also used as a diluent for the analysis. Analysis runs consisted of a set of calibration standards, wash and drift cups, certified low-nutrient seawater (in order to test for contamination of the saline solution), and samples. Given the ship's lack of a Milli-Q system, 350 L of ultra pure (Milli-Q) water for general lab use was brought from the NOCS (UK) in 25 L acid-washed (15% HCl) carboys. The following detection limits were calculated, phosphate 0.03 µmol L-1, nitrate 0.24 µmol L-1 and silicate 0.03 µmol L-1. The analysis was calibrated using the following set of standards.
Standard | NO3 | PO43 | Si(OH)4 |
Std 1a | 20 | 2 | 20 |
Std 1b | 19.1 | 1.9 | 19.1 |
Std 2 | 10 | 1 | 10 |
Std 3 | 5 | 0.5 | 5 |
Std 4 | 1 | 0.25 | 0.5 |
Std 5 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.5 |
Instrumentation
Instrument | Type | Serial number | Main role |
Seabird Electronics SBE19plus CTD-rosette system | CTD | 4255 | Collect the water samples |
Skalar SAN+ autoanalyser | Colorimetric autoanalyser | - | - |
BODC Data Processing Procedures
A total of 1051 bottle sample data from 46 CTD casts were received in an excel file. Data received were loaded into the BODC database using established BODC data banking procedures. The originator's flags were converted to BODC flags, all absent data values were removed and all values below the specified detections limits were flagged as such. The following table shows how the variables were mapped to appropriate BODC parameter codes:
Originator's Parameter | Unit | Description | BODC Parameter Code | BODC Unit | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cruise | - | Cruise name | - | - | - |
station | - | Station number | - | - | - |
lon | Degrees | Longitude | - | - | - |
lat | Degrees | Longitude | - | - | - |
pressure | dbar | CTD pressure | - | - | - |
bot_sal | Dimensionless | Bottle salinity | - | - | Loaded separately |
PO4 | µmol L-1 | Phosphate | PHOSAATX | µmol L-1 | - |
NO3+NO2 | µmol L-1 | Nitrate and nitrite | NTRZAATX | µmol L-1 | - |
Si(OH)4 | µmol L-1 | Silicate | SLCAAATX | µmol L-1 | - |
O2 | µmol L-1 | O2 | - | - | Loaded separately |
Data Quality Report
The CTD was not on a conducting wire, so an auto-fire module was used to fire the bottles while the rosette was in motion. Bottles from stations one to seven were fired on the downcast and bottles from station eight onwards on the upcast.
Problem Report
None (BODC assessment).
Project Information
Arctic Synoptic Basin-Wide Oceanography (ASBO) project document
ASBO is an International Polar Year (IPY) consortium project aimed to improve the knowledge of the functioning of the Arctic sea-ice-ocean system.
Coupled climate models predict a rate of warming in the Arctic some 2-3 times higher than the global average. One consequence of this warming is a change in the Arctic freshwater storage and transport, both within the Arctic, and through gateways to the world's oceans. Models and palaeoceanographic data show that increased freshwater input from the Arctic to the North Atlantic can "distress" the thermohaline circulation. A decrease in the North Atlantic overturning may lead to a cooling of Northern Europe, so the understanding of these changes is one of the highest priorities for UK and NERC science. However, the understanding of the mechanisms by which the freshwater input to the Arctic is transformed, stored, and exported is currently based on fragmentary observations, and poorly constrained models. By combining the data gathered during IPY with historical and satellite data, ASBO will use state-of-the-art numerical models to provide new quantitative estimates of the storage and transport of fresh water in the Arctic both for the present, recent past and next century.
The ASBO project comprises of a combination of fieldwork, remote sensing and a hierarchy of modelling approaches including; 1) The deployment of ice-tethered platforms and ice mass balance buoys, to take water samples for chemical and isotope analysis, and to make ocean turbulence profiles. 2) The analysis of remote-sensed data from the Envisat satellite in order to elucidate interannual changes in Arctic sea ice mass and in sea surface height. 3) A modelling hierarchy beginning with an inverse model of Arctic ocean boundary exchanges with adjacent basins; use of an assimilation model to achieve a best estimate of the state and evolution of the Arctic Ocean; and results from a high-resolution (1/12 degree) sea-ice-ocean general circulation model, forced with a realistic atmosphere, used to aid in the interpretation of observations and the description of potentially new features of the Arctic circulation.
ASBO will participate in three Arctic expeditions in total; two expeditions to the Siberian margin on Russian vessels, in collaboration with the Nansen and Amundsen Basin Observing System (NABOS) and the Canadian Basin Observational System (CABOS) project with the International Arctic Research Center and University of Alaska Fairbanks, USA (IARC-UAF), and one to the Canadian Basin on a Canadian vessel, in collaboration with the Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project CCGS. Turbulence measurements and chemical sampling will be carried out during the Siberian expeditions on cruises NABOS2007 between 07 September 2007 and 17 October 2007 and cruise NABOS2008 between 02 October 2008 and 30 October 2008. Ice-tethered profilers and ice mass balance buoys will be deployed during the Canadian Basin expedition on cruise Louis S. St-Laurent JOIS2008 between 17 July 2008 and 19 August 2008.
ASBO is funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and involves the collaboration of a number of UK institutions: University College London, The National Oceanography Centre, University of Reading, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Bangor University and NERC British Antarctic Survey. The period of the project funding is from 01 June 2007 to 31 March 2012 and the principal investigator is Dr SW Laxon from the University College London, Mullard Space Science Laboratory.
For more information please see the National Oceanography Centre project website.
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Data Activity
Start Date (yyyy-mm-dd) | 2008-10-14 |
End Date (yyyy-mm-dd) | 2008-10-14 |
Organization Undertaking Activity | University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Marine Science |
Country of Organization | United States |
Originator's Data Activity Identifier | NABOS2008_CTD_CTD22 |
Platform Category | lowered unmanned submersible |
BODC Sample Metadata Report for NABOS2008_CTD_CTD22
Sample reference number | Nominal collection volume(l) | Bottle rosette position | Bottle firing sequence number | Minimum pressure sampled (dbar) | Maximum pressure sampled (dbar) | Depth of sampling point (m) | Bottle type | Sample quality flag | Bottle reference | Comments |
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670907 | 5.00 | 24 | 6.00 | 7.00 | 6.40 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | 24 | ||
670910 | 5.00 | 23 | 7.50 | 8.50 | 7.90 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | 23 | ||
670913 | 5.00 | 22 | 11.50 | 12.50 | 11.90 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | 22 | ||
670916 | 5.00 | 21 | 25.50 | 26.50 | 25.70 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | 21 | ||
670919 | 5.00 | 20 | 27.50 | 28.50 | 27.70 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | 20 | ||
670922 | 5.00 | 19 | 50.50 | 51.50 | 50.50 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | 19 | ||
670925 | 5.00 | 18 | 52.50 | 53.50 | 52.40 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | 18 | ||
670928 | 5.00 | 17 | 76.50 | 77.50 | 76.20 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | 17 | ||
670931 | 5.00 | 16 | 101.50 | 102.50 | 100.90 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | 16 | ||
670934 | 5.00 | 15 | 151.50 | 152.50 | 150.30 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | 15 | ||
670937 | 5.00 | 14 | 201.50 | 202.50 | 199.80 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | 14 | ||
670940 | 5.00 | 13 | 251.50 | 252.50 | 249.20 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | 13 | ||
670943 | 5.00 | 12 | 301.00 | 302.00 | 298.10 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | 12 | ||
670946 | 5.00 | 11 | 302.50 | 303.50 | 299.60 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | 11 | ||
670949 | 5.00 | 10 | 351.50 | 352.50 | 348.00 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | 10 | ||
670952 | 5.00 | 9 | 401.50 | 402.50 | 397.40 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | 9 | ||
670955 | 5.00 | 8 | 501.50 | 502.50 | 496.10 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | 8 | ||
670958 | 5.00 | 7 | 601.00 | 602.00 | 594.30 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | 7 | ||
670961 | 5.00 | 6 | 602.50 | 603.50 | 595.80 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | 6 | ||
670964 | 5.00 | 5 | 701.50 | 702.50 | 693.40 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | 5 | ||
670967 | 5.00 | 4 | 801.50 | 802.50 | 792.00 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | 4 | ||
670970 | 5.00 | 3 | 901.50 | 902.50 | 890.50 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | 3 | ||
670973 | 5.00 | 2 | 1000.00 | 1001.00 | 987.50 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | 2 | ||
670976 | 5.00 | 1 | 1001.50 | 1002.50 | 989.00 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | 1 |
Please note:the supplied parameters may not have been sampled from all the bottle firings described in the table above. Cross-match the Sample Reference Number above against the SAMPRFNM value in the data file to identify the relevant metadata.
Cruise
Cruise Name | NABOS2008 |
Departure Date | 2008-10-02 |
Arrival Date | 2008-10-30 |
Principal Scientist(s) | Igor Polyakov (University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Marine Science) |
Ship | Kapitan Dranitsyn |
Complete Cruise Metadata Report is available here
Fixed Station Information
No Fixed Station Information held for the Series
BODC Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
Flag | Description |
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Blank | Unqualified |
< | Below detection limit |
> | In excess of quoted value |
A | Taxonomic flag for affinis (aff.) |
B | Beginning of CTD Down/Up Cast |
C | Taxonomic flag for confer (cf.) |
D | Thermometric depth |
E | End of CTD Down/Up Cast |
G | Non-taxonomic biological characteristic uncertainty |
H | Extrapolated value |
I | Taxonomic flag for single species (sp.) |
K | Improbable value - unknown quality control source |
L | Improbable value - originator's quality control |
M | Improbable value - BODC quality control |
N | Null value |
O | Improbable value - user quality control |
P | Trace/calm |
Q | Indeterminate |
R | Replacement value |
S | Estimated value |
T | Interpolated value |
U | Uncalibrated |
W | Control value |
X | Excessive difference |
SeaDataNet Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
Flag | Description |
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0 | no quality control |
1 | good value |
2 | probably good value |
3 | probably bad value |
4 | bad value |
5 | changed value |
6 | value below detection |
7 | value in excess |
8 | interpolated value |
9 | missing value |
A | value phenomenon uncertain |
B | nominal value |
Q | value below limit of quantification |