Metadata Report for BODC Series Reference Number 1658642
Metadata Summary
Problem Reports
Data Access Policy
Narrative Documents
Project Information
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Fixed Station Information
BODC Quality Flags
SeaDataNet Quality Flags
Metadata Summary
Data Description |
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Data Identifiers |
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Time Co-ordinates(UT) |
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Parameters |
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Definition of BOTTFLAG | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BOTTFLAG | Definition |
|---|---|
| 0 | The sampling event occurred without any incident being reported to BODC. |
| 1 | The filter in an in-situ sampling pump physically ruptured during sample resulting in an unquantifiable loss of sampled material. |
| 2 | Analytical evidence (e.g. surface water salinity measured on a sample collected at depth) indicates that the water sample has been contaminated by water from depths other than the depths of sampling. |
| 3 | The feedback indicator on the deck unit reported that the bottle closure command had failed. General Oceanics deck units used on NERC vessels in the 80s and 90s were renowned for reporting misfires when the bottle had been closed. This flag is also suitable for when a trigger command is mistakenly sent to a bottle that has previously been fired. |
| 4 | During the sampling deployment the bottle was fired in an order other than incrementing rosette position. Indicative of the potential for errors in the assignment of bottle firing depth, especially with General Oceanics rosettes. |
| 5 | Water was reported to be escaping from the bottle as the rosette was being recovered. |
| 6 | The bottle seals were observed to be incorrectly seated and the bottle was only part full of water on recovery. |
| 7 | Either the bottle was found to contain no sample on recovery or there was no bottle fitted to the rosette position fired (but SBE35 record may exist). |
| 8 | There is reason to doubt the accuracy of the sampling depth associated with the sample. |
| 9 | The bottle air vent had not been closed prior to deployment giving rise to a risk of sample contamination through leakage. |
Definition of Rank |
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Problem Reports
No Problem Report Found in the Database
Data Access Policy
Open Data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
You must always use the following attribution statement to acknowledge the source of the information: "Contains data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council."
Narrative Documents
Niskin Bottle
The Niskin bottle is a device used by oceanographers to collect subsurface seawater samples. It is a plastic bottle with caps and rubber seals at each end and is deployed with the caps held open, allowing free-flushing of the bottle as it moves through the water column.
Standard Niskin
The standard version of the bottle includes a plastic-coated metal spring or elastic cord running through the interior of the bottle that joins the two caps, and the caps are held open against the spring by plastic lanyards. When the bottle reaches the desired depth the lanyards are released by a pressure-actuated switch, command signal or messenger weight and the caps are forced shut and sealed, trapping the seawater sample.
Lever Action Niskin
The Lever Action Niskin Bottle differs from the standard version, in that the caps are held open during deployment by externally mounted stainless steel springs rather than an internal spring or cord. Lever Action Niskins are recommended for applications where a completely clear sample chamber is critical or for use in deep cold water.
Clean Sampling
A modified version of the standard Niskin bottle has been developed for clean sampling. This is teflon-coated and uses a latex cord to close the caps rather than a metal spring. The clean version of the Levered Action Niskin bottle is also teflon-coated and uses epoxy covered springs in place of the stainless steel springs. These bottles are specifically designed to minimise metal contamination when sampling trace metals.
Deployment
Bottles may be deployed singly clamped to a wire or in groups of up to 48 on a rosette. Standard bottles and Lever Action bottles have a capacity between 1.7 and 30 L. Reversing thermometers may be attached to a spring-loaded disk that rotates through 180° on bottle closure.
CTD phytopigment concentrations by HPLC for UK SOLAS INSPIRE cruise D325
Originator's Data Acquisition and Analysis
Phytopigment samples were collected from several depths at 27 of the 102 CTD casts: a mixture of stainless steel rig and titanium rig deployments. For each sample, 3 L of seawater was filtered onto 25 mm GFF filters (nominal pore size 0.7 µm). The filters were frozen for analysis ashore following the method described by Barlow et al. (1997). Filters were extracted into 90% acetone by ultrasonication and centrifugation prior to analysis by HPLC.
Samples, from station D081, were processed and analysed to evaluate the methods. The samples were sequentially filtered to compare the >GFF particulate phase, and the 0.2 µm-GFF particulate phase. All phytopigments were below the detection limit in the 0.2 µm-GFF phase, indicating that GFF filters captured all phytopigments. Additionally, a pair of filters was stored at room temperature for 24 hours prior to freezing, to assess the effect of storage on the samples.
References cited
Barlow R.G., Cummings D.G., Gibb S.W., 1997. Improved resolution of mono- and divinyl chlorophylls a and b and zeaxanthin and lutein in phytoplankton extracts using reverse phase C-8 HPLC, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 161, 303-307.
BODC Data Processing Procedure
Data were received by BODC in spreadsheet format (INSPIRE_2007_pigment_data_Final_250510.xls). This file also contained the CTD cast identifier and nominal bottle-firing depth. As no CTD bottle numbers were available to uniquely map these data to records in the database, the samples were attributed to those bottles that gave the nearest depth match for that cast. Where multiple bottles were fired at the same depth, the data were attributed to the bottle with the smallest rosette position number.
Parameter codes defined in the BODC Parameter Dictionary were mapped to the variables as follows:
| Originator's Parameter | Units | Description | BODC Parameter | Units | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chl-c3 | ng L-1 | Concentration of chlorophyll-c3 in the water column | CLC3HPP1 | ng L-1 | n/a |
| Chl-c2 | ng L-1 | Concentration of chlorophyll-c2 in the water column | CLC2HPP1 | ng L-1 | n/a |
| Peridinin | ng L-1 | Concentration of peridinin in the water column | PERIHPP1 | ng L-1 | n/a |
| Butfucoxanthin | ng L-1 | Concentration of 19'-butanoyaloxyfucoxanthin in the water column | BUTAHPP1 | ng L-1 | n/a |
| Fucoxanthin | ng L-1 | Concentration of fucoxanthin in the water column | FUCXHPP1 | ng L-1 | n/a |
| Hexfucoxanthin | ng L-1 | Concentration of 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin in the water column | HEXOHPP1 | ng L-1 | n/a |
| Violaxathin | ng L-1 | Concentration of violaxanthin in the water column | VILXHPP1 | ng L-1 | n/a |
| Diadinoxanthin | ng L-1 | Concentration of diadinoxanthin in the water column | DIADHPP1 | ng L-1 | n/a |
| Antheraxanthin | ng L-1 | Concentration of antheraxanthin in the water column | ANTHHPP1 | ng L-1 | n/a |
| Alloxanthin | ng L-1 | Concentration of alloxanthin in the water column | ALLOHPP1 | ng L-1 | n/a |
| Diatoxanthin | ng L-1 | Concentration of diatoxanthin in the water column | DIATHPP1 | ng L-1 | n/a |
| Zeaxanthin | ng L-1 | Concentration of zeaxanthin in the water column | ZEOXHPP1 | ng L-1 | n/a |
| Divinyl chl-b | ng L-1 | Concentration of divinyl chlorophyll-b in the water column | DVCBHPP1 | ng L-1 | n/a |
| Chl-b | ng L-1 | Concentration of chlorophyll-b in the water column | CHLBHPP1 | ng L-1 | n/a |
| Divinyl chl-a | ng L-1 | Concentration of divinyl chlorophyll-a in the water column | DVCAHPP1 | ng L-1 | n/a |
| Chl-a | ng L-1 | Concentration of chlorophyll-a in the water column | CPHLHPP1 | mg m-3 | Unit conversion (x 1000) applied |
| Carotene | ng L-1 | Description | CARXHPP1 | ng L-1 | n/a |
| BB Carotene | ng L-1 | Concentration of β,β-carotene in the water column | BBCAHPP1 | ng L-1 | n/a |
The data from 25 CTD casts were banked according to BODC standard procedures for sample data. Five analyses, from 2 CTD casts, were omitted from the file for banking. One sample, from CTD station B035 had no recorded sampling depth, so could not be mapped to any database bottle records. The four samples, from station D081, that were used to verify the methods were not banked either. These data are summarised below.
| Originator's Parameter | CTD_B035_TIT, No depth on vial, >GFF | CTD_D081_STS, 56 m, 0.2 µm-GFF | CTD_D081_STS, 56 m, >GFF | CTD_D081_STS, 56 m, 0.2 µm-GFF (+24 hr) | CTD_D081_STS, 56 m, >GFF (+24 hr) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chl-c3 | 30.82 | 0.00 | 82.21 | 0.00 | 46.29 |
| Chl-c2 | 28.95 | 0.00 | 87.56 | 0.00 | 59.36 |
| Peridinin | 0.00 | 0.00 | 22.69 | 0.00 | 16.10 |
| Butfucoxanthin | 52.97 | 0.00 | 115.69 | 0.00 | 73.17 |
| Fucoxanthin | 46.71 | 0.00 | 29.44 | 0.00 | 21.61 |
| Hexfucoxanthin | 69.36 | 0.00 | 200.64 | 0.00 | 113.05 |
| Violaxathin | 5.60 | 0.00 | 8.75 | 0.00 | 5.76 |
| Diadinoxanthin | 8.68 | 0.00 | 17.54 | 0.00 | 12.16 |
| Antheraxanthin | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Alloxanthin | 0.00 | 0.00 | 8.70 | 0.00 | 5.78 |
| Diatoxanthin | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Zeaxanthin | 17.84 | 0.00 | 71.16 | 0.00 | 60.98 |
| Divinyl chl-b | 28.12 | 0.00 | 117.19 | 0.00 | 77.54 |
| Chl-b | 51.90 | 0.00 | 105.79 | 0.00 | 73.21 |
| Divinyl chl-a | 44.80 | 0.00 | 199.14 | 0.00 | 164.46 |
| Chl-a | 223.50 | 0.00 | 470.07 | 0.00 | 306.37 |
| Carotene | 2.53 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| BB Carotene | 18.58 | 0.00 | 57.55 | 0.00 | 46.17 |
Data Quality Report
No data quality issues to report.
Project Information
UK Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study
The UK Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (UK SOLAS) is the UK's contribution to the international SOLAS programme.
UK SOLAS formed interdisciplinary teams to address three primary aims
- To determine the mechanisms controlling rates of chemical transfer and improve estimates of chemical exchanges
- To evaluate the impact of these exchanges on the biogeochemistry of the surface ocean and lower atmosphere and on feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere
- To quantify the impacts of these boundary layer processes on the global climate system
UK SOLAS started in 2003, to run for seven years. The programme was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council.
Funded projects
In total, 19 projects have been funded by UK SOLAS, over four funding rounds.
| Project Title | Short Title | Principal Investigator |
|---|---|---|
| Impact of atmospheric dust derived material and nutrient inputs on near-surface plankton microbiota in the tropical North Atlantic | Dust | Eric Achterberg |
| The role and effects of photoprotective compounds in marine plankton | - | Steve Archer |
| Field observations of sea spray, gas fluxes and whitecaps | SEASAW | Ian Brooks |
| Factors influencing the biogeochemistry of iodine in the marine environment | - | Lucy Carpenter |
| Global model of aerosol processes - effects of aerosol in the marine atmospheric boundary layer | GLOMAP | Ken Carslaw |
| Ecological controls on fluxes of dimethyl sulphide (DMS) to the atmosphere | - | David Green |
| Dust outflow and deposition to the ocean | DODO | Ellie Highwood |
| Investigation of near surface production of iodocarbons - rates and exchanges | INSPIRE | Gill Malin |
| Reactive halogens in the marine boundary layer | RHaMBLe | Gordon McFiggans |
| The role of bacterioneuston in determining trace gas exchange rates | - | Colin Murrell |
| Measuring methanol in sea water and investigating its sources and sinks in the marine environment | - | Phil Nightingale |
| The impact of coastal upwellings on air-sea exchange of climatically important gases | ICON | Carol Robinson |
| The Deep Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment | DOGEE | Rob Upstill-Goddard |
| High wind air-sea exchanges | HiWASE | Margaret Yelland |
| Aerosol characterisation and modelling in the marine environment | ACMME | James Allan |
| 3D simulation of dimethyl sulphide (DMS) in the north east Atlantic | - | Icarus Allen |
| Processes affecting the chemistry and bioavailability of dust borne iron | - | Michael Krom |
| The chemical structure of the lowermost atmosphere | - | Alastair Lewis |
| Factors influencing the oxidative chemistry of the marine boundary layer | - | Paul Monks |
UK SOLAS has also supported ten tied studentships, and two CASE studentships.
Fieldwork
UK SOLAS fieldwork has included eight dedicated research cruises in the North Atlantic Ocean. Continuous measurements were made aboard aboard the Norwegian weather ship, Polarfront, until her decommission in 2009. Time series have been established at the SOLAS Cape Verde Observatory, and at the Plymouth Marine Laboratory L4 station. Experiments have taken place at the Bergen mesocosm facility.
A series of collaborative aircraft campaigns have added complementary atmospheric data. These campaigns were funded by UK SOLAS, African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA-UK), Dust and Biomass Experiment (DABEX) and the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM).
Weblink: http://www.nerc.ac.uk/research/programmes/solas/
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Data Activity
| Start Date (yyyy-mm-dd) | 2007-12-01 |
| End Date (yyyy-mm-dd) | 2007-12-01 |
| Organization Undertaking Activity | University of East Anglia School of Environmental Sciences |
| Country of Organization | United Kingdom |
| Originator's Data Activity Identifier | D325_CTD_CTD_C060_STS |
| Platform Category | lowered unmanned submersible |
BODC Sample Metadata Report for D325_CTD_CTD_C060_STS
| Sample reference number | Nominal collection volume(l) | Bottle rosette position | Bottle firing sequence number | Minimum pressure sampled (dbar) | Maximum pressure sampled (dbar) | Depth of sampling point (m) | Bottle type | Sample quality flag | Bottle reference | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 186177 | 20.00 | 1 | 1 | 47.90 | 48.00 | 46.20 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
| 186178 | 20.00 | 2 | 2 | 47.50 | 48.30 | 46.10 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
| 186179 | 20.00 | 3 | 3 | 25.90 | 26.60 | 24.60 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
| 186180 | 20.00 | 4 | 4 | 26.10 | 26.30 | 24.50 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
| 186181 | 20.00 | 5 | 5 | 11.40 | 11.90 | 10.10 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
| 186182 | 20.00 | 6 | 6 | 11.30 | 11.90 | 10.00 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
| 186183 | 20.00 | 7 | 7 | 11.40 | 11.60 | 9.90 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
| 186184 | 20.00 | 8 | 8 | 11.50 | 11.70 | 10.00 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
| 186185 | 20.00 | 9 | 9 | 11.10 | 12.00 | 10.00 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
| 186186 | 20.00 | 10 | 10 | 11.20 | 11.80 | 9.90 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
| 186187 | 20.00 | 11 | 11 | 3.20 | 3.80 | 2.00 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
| 186188 | 20.00 | 12 | 12 | 3.30 | 3.60 | 1.90 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported |
Please note:the supplied parameters may not have been sampled from all the bottle firings described in the table above. Cross-match the Sample Reference Number above against the SAMPRFNM value in the data file to identify the relevant metadata.
Cruise
| Cruise Name | D325 |
| Departure Date | 2007-11-13 |
| Arrival Date | 2007-12-18 |
| Principal Scientist(s) | Gill Malin (University of East Anglia School of Environmental Sciences) |
| Ship | RRS Discovery |
Complete Cruise Metadata Report is available here
Fixed Station Information
No Fixed Station Information held for the Series
BODC Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
| Flag | Description |
|---|---|
| Blank | Unqualified |
| < | Below detection limit |
| > | In excess of quoted value |
| A | Taxonomic flag for affinis (aff.) |
| B | Beginning of CTD Down/Up Cast |
| C | Taxonomic flag for confer (cf.) |
| D | Thermometric depth |
| E | End of CTD Down/Up Cast |
| G | Non-taxonomic biological characteristic uncertainty |
| H | Extrapolated value |
| I | Taxonomic flag for single species (sp.) |
| K | Improbable value - unknown quality control source |
| L | Improbable value - originator's quality control |
| M | Improbable value - BODC quality control |
| N | Null value |
| O | Improbable value - user quality control |
| P | Trace/calm |
| Q | Indeterminate |
| R | Replacement value |
| S | Estimated value |
| T | Interpolated value |
| U | Uncalibrated |
| W | Control value |
| X | Excessive difference |
SeaDataNet Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
| Flag | Description |
|---|---|
| 0 | no quality control |
| 1 | good value |
| 2 | probably good value |
| 3 | probably bad value |
| 4 | bad value |
| 5 | changed value |
| 6 | value below detection |
| 7 | value in excess |
| 8 | interpolated value |
| 9 | missing value |
| A | value phenomenon uncertain |
| B | nominal value |
| Q | value below limit of quantification |
