Metadata Report for BODC Series Reference Number 1903933
Metadata Summary
Problem Reports
Data Access Policy
Narrative Documents
Project Information
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Fixed Station Information
BODC Quality Flags
SeaDataNet Quality Flags
Metadata Summary
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Problem Reports
No Problem Report Found in the Database
RRS James Clark Ross Cruise JR17001 Surface Hydrography Data Quality Document
Temperature, salinity, fluorescence, transmittance and attenuance
There are approximiately 20 instances where no data has been recorded in these channels, with the gaps in data occurring at the same time in these channels. The majority of these gaps are short lived, however several of these gaps are large, with the longest occurring from 02/12/2017 00:33:00 till 09/12/2017 11:17:00. Many of these gaps in the time series are where the surface underway system was switched off. Instances, where no data have been recorded in these channels and are represented by null data flags. Additional flags have been applied to these channels were there were spurious data values.
Conductivity
The instances where the surface underway system was switched off in these channels can be identified by a sudden change in values of each parameter followed by sensor drift and then a switch back to previous values. These periods of data have been flagged as they are not reliable.
Temperature, salinity, chlorophyll, conductivity
Noisy data observed between 27/11/2017 ~04:00 to 29/11/2017 ~11:00. The data correspond to when the ship was in the coastal region of Borgen Bay, Antartica and may have been subject to freshwater water input. Thus the data were not flagged as suspect.
Data Access Policy
Open Data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
You must always use the following attribution statement to acknowledge the source of the information: "Contains data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council."
Narrative Documents
SeaBird Digital Oceanographic Thermometer SBE38
The SBE38 is an ultra-stable thermistor that can be integrated as a remote temperature sensor with an SBE21 Thermosalinograph or an SBE 45 Micro TSG, or as a secondary temperature sensor with an SBE 16 plus, 16plus-IM, 16plus V2, 16plus-IM V2 or 19plus V2 SEACAT CTD.
Temperature is determined by applying an AC excitation to reference resistances and an ultra-stable aged thermistor. The reference resistor is a hermetically sealed VISHAY. AC excitation and ratiometric comparison using a common processing channel removes measurement errors due to parasitic thermocouples, offset voltages, leakage currents and gain errors.
The SBE38 can operate in polled sampling, where it takes one sample and transmits the data, or in continuous sampling.
Specifications
Depth rating | up to 10500 m |
Temperature range | -5 to 35°C |
Initial accuracy | ± 0.001°C |
Resolution | 0.00025°C |
Stability | 0.001°C in 6 months |
Response time | 500 ms |
Self-heating error | < 200 µK |
Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.
Turner Designs 10AU Field Fluorometer
The Turner Designs 10AU is designed for continuous-flow monitoring or discrete sample analyses of fluorescent species. A variety of optical kits with appropriate filters and lamps are available for a wide range of applications. Individual filters and lamps are also available for customised applications.
Standard optical kits include those for chlorophyll-a (extracted and/or in vivo), phycocyanin, phycoerythrin, CDOM, ammonium, rhodamine and fluorescein dye tracing, crude oil, refined oil, histamine and optical brighteners.
The instrument's light source is a 4 watt lamp and the detector is a photomultiplier tube with a standard detection range of 300-650 nm. A red-sensitive version with a detetion range of 185-970 nm is also available.
Specifications
Operating temperature | 0 to 55°C |
Detector | PhotoMultiplier Tube 300 to 650 nm (standard) 185 to 870 nm (Red) |
Detection Limits: Extracted Chlorophyll-a Rhodamine WT Dye Fluorescein Dye | 0.025 µg L-1 0.01 ppb (in potable water) 0.01 ppb (in potable water) |
Linear range: Extracted Chlorophyll-a Rhodamine WT Dye Fluorescein Dye | 0 to 250µg L-1 0 to 250 ppb 0 to 250 ppb |
Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.
WETLabs C-Star transmissometer
This instrument is designed to measure beam transmittance by submersion or with an optional flow tube for pumped applications. It can be used in profiles, moorings or as part of an underway system.
Two models are available, a 25 cm pathlength, which can be built in aluminum or co-polymer, and a 10 cm pathlength with a plastic housing. Both have an analog output, but a digital model is also available.
This instrument has been updated to provide a high resolution RS232 data output, while maintaining the same design and characteristics.
Specifications
Pathlength | 10 or 25 cm |
Wavelength | 370, 470, 530 or 660 nm |
Bandwidth | ~ 20 nm for wavelengths of 470, 530 and 660 nm ~ 10 to 12 nm for a wavelength of 370 nm |
Temperature error | 0.02 % full scale °C-1 |
Temperature range | 0 to 30°C |
Rated depth | 600 m (plastic housing) 6000 m (aluminum housing) |
Further details are available in the manufacturer's specification sheet or user guide.
RRS James Clark Ross Cruise JR17001 Surface Hydrography Instrument Description Document
The sea surface hydrographical suite of sensors was fed by the pumped-seawater, non-toxic supply. The seawater intake was located at 6.5 m below the sea surface. The following surface hydrology sensors were fitted:
Manufacturer | Model | Main Function | Serial number | Last calibration date |
Sea Bird Electronics | SBE45 | Thermosalinograph | 0130 | - |
Sea Bird Electronics | SBE38 | Temperature x2 sensors | 0601 and 0599 | 11/06/2015 |
Wet Labs | Wetstar | Fluorometer | 1498 | - |
Wet Labs | C-Star | Transmissometer | CST-846DR | 06/08/2015 |
Litremeter | 05SPFA40CE | Flow meter | 05/811950 | 09/06/2011 |
SeaBird MicroTSG Thermosalinograph SBE 45
The SBE45 MicroTSG is an externally powered instrument designed for shipboard measurement of temperature and conductivity of pumped near-surface water samples. The instrument can also compute salinity and sound velocity internally.
The MicroTSG comprises a platinum-electrode glass conductivity cell and a stable, pressure-protected thermistor temperature sensor. It also contains an RS-232 port for appending the output of a remote temperature sensor, allowing for direct measurement of sea surface temperature.
The instrument can operate in Polled, Autonomous and Serial Line Sync sampling modes:
- Polled sampling: the instrument takes one sample on command
- Autonomous sampling: the instrument samples at preprogrammed intervals and does not enter quiescence (sleep) state between samples
- Serial Line Sync: a pulse on the serial line causes the instrument to wake up, sample and re-enter quiescent state automatically
Specifications
Conductivity | Temperature | Salinity | |
---|---|---|---|
Range | 0 to 7 Sm-1 | -5 to 35°C | |
Initial accuracy | 0.0003 Sm-1 | 0.002°C | 0.005 (typical) |
Resolution | 0.00001 Sm-1 | 0.0001°C | 0.0002 (typical) |
Typical stability (per month) | 0.0003 Sm-1 | 0.0002°C | 0.003 (typical) |
Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.
RRS James Clark Ross Cruise JR17001 Surface hydrography Processing Procedures Document
Originator's Data Processing
The data streams for surface hydrography data were logged by the NOAA SCS software and merged into comma separated file formats (.ACO). The instruments logged the hydrological data to the oceanlogger ACO file and the header information was stored in the corresponding .TPL files.
The SCS underway data streams for navigation and hydrography parameters were read in and processed on a daily basis using Mexec v3.1 to generate NetCDF files containing the data. Processing included some automatic removal of out-of-range values, flagging of values where the TSG was turned off, despiking, and averaging.
The following files were provided.
- bst: complete navigation file at half-minute intervals.
- ocl: oceanlogger data, including two sensors for sea surface temperature (sstemp), and calibrated salinity.
The table below shows the original files delivered to BODC that contained the data in the final surface hydrography data series, along with start and end dates and times of each file.
Filename | Content Discription | Format | Interval | Start date | Start Time | End date | End Time |
oceanlogger_jr17001_01_medav_clean_cal.nc |
| MSTAR | ~5 sec | 21/11/2017 | 22:46:00 | 19/12/2017 | 12:43:00 |
BODC Data Processing
The data were reformatted to BODC internal format using standard banking procedures. Data were averaged at 60 second intervals. The following table shows how variables within the files were mapped to appropriate BODC parameter codes:
oceanlogger_jr17001_01_medav_clean_cal.nc
Originator^Zs variable | Originator^Zs units | Description | BODC Code | BODC Units | Unit conversion | Comments |
airtemp1 | celsius | Air temperature (sensor 1) | - | - | - | Available in meteorology file for the cruise |
humidity1 | %RH | Relative humidity (sensor 1) | - | - | - | Available in meteorology file for the cruise |
par1 | µmol/S.m2 | Photosynthetically available radiation (sensor 1) | - | - | - | Available in meteorology file for the cruise |
tir1 | W/m2 | Total incident radiation (sensor 1) | - | - | - | Available in meteorology file for the cruise |
airtemp2 | celsius | Air temperature (sensor 2) | - | - | - | Available in meteorology file for the cruise |
humidity2 | % | Relative humidity (sensor 2) | - | - | - | Available in meteorology file for the cruise |
par2 | µmol/S.m2 | Photosynthetically available radiation (sensor 2) | - | - | - | Available in meteorology file for the cruise |
tir2 | W/m2 | Total incident radiation (sensor 2) | - | - | - | Available in meteorology file for the cruise |
baro1 | hPa | Air pressure (sensor 1) | - | - | - | Available in meteorology file for the cruise |
baro2 | hPa | Air pressure (sensor 2) | - | - | - | Available in meteorology file for the cruise |
Tstemp | celsius | TSG housing temperature | TMESSG01 | Degrees Celsius | None | - |
Conductivity | S/m | Electrical conductivity | CNDCSG01 | Siemens per metre | None | - |
Salinity | psu | Sea surface (practical) salinity | PSALSU01 | Dimensionless | None | - |
sound_velocity | m/s | Sea surface sound velocity | SVELSG01 | m/s | None | - |
Chlorophyll | µg/l | Chlorophyll a | CPHLUMTF | micrograms per meter cubed | Units are equivalent | - |
Sampletemp | celcius | Fluorometer temperature | - | - | - | Not transferred to final data series |
Flowrate | l/min | Fluorometer flow rate | INFLTF01 | Litres/minute | None | - |
Sstemp | celcius | Sea surface temperature (sensor 1) | TEMPHU01 | Degrees Celcius | None | - |
Trans | 0< Tr < 1 | Transmittance (red light wavelength 25cm path length) | POPTDR01 | % | Multiplied by 100 | - |
sstemp2 | celcius | Sea surface temperature (sensor 2) | TEMPHU02 | Degrees Celcius | None | - |
salinity_cal | pss-78 | Sea surface (practical) salinity | PSALSG01 | PSU | None | - |
All data expressed at measurement altitude.
All the reformatted data were visualised using the in-house EDSERPLO software. Suspect data were marked by adding an appropriate quality control flag.
Calibrations
Calibration of the TSG salinity channel against discrete underway salinity samples was performed by the data originator and the calibrated salinity channel was supplied to BODC along with the uncalibrated salinity channel. Details of the calibration were not provided.
Project Information
Ocean Regulation of Climate by Heat and Carbon Sequestration and Transports (ORCHESTRA)
The Ocean Regulation of Climate by Heat and Carbon Sequestration and Transports (ORCHESTRA) is a £8.4 million, five year (2016-2021) research programme funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). The aim of the research is to to advance the understanding of, and capability to predict, the Southern Ocean's impact on climate change via its uptake and storage of heat and carbon. The programme will significantly reduce uncertainties concerning how this uptake and storage by the ocean influences global climate, by conducting a series of unique fieldwork campaigns and innovative model developments.
Background
ORCHESTRA represents the first fully-unified activity by NERC institutes to address these challenges, and will draw in national and international partners to provide community coherence, and to build a legacy in knowledge and capability that will transcend the timescale of the programme itself.
It brings together science teams from six UK research institutions to investigate the role that the Southern Ocean plays in our changing climate and atmospheric carbon draw-down. It is led by British Antarctic Survey, in partnership with National Oceanography Centre, British Geological Survey, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, the Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling and the Sea Mammal Research Unit.
The oceans around Antarctica play a critical a key role in drawing down and storing large amounts of carbon and vast quantities of heat from from the atmosphere. Due to its remoteness and harsh environment, the Southern Ocean is the world's biggest data desert, and one of the hardest places to get right in climate models. The ORCHESTRA programme will make unique and important new measurements in the Southern Ocean using a range of techniques, including use of the world-class UK research vessel fleet, and deployments of innovative underwater robots. The new understanding obtained will guide key improvements to the current generation of computer models, and will enhance greatly our ability to predict climate into the future.
The scope of the programme includes interaction of the Southern Ocean with the atmosphere, exchange between the upper ocean mixed layer and the interior and exchange between the Southern Ocean and the global ocean.
Further details are available on the ORCHESTRA page.
Participants
Six different organisations are directly involved in research for ORCHESTRA. These institutions are:
- British Antarctic Survey (BAS)
- National Oceanography Centre (NOC)
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML)
- British Geological Survey (BGS)
- Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling (CPOM)
- Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU)
GO-SHIP are a third party organisation that, although not directly involved with the programme, will conduct ship based observations that will also be used by ORCHESTRA.
Research details
Three Work Packages have been funded by the ORCHESTRA programme. These are described in brief below:
-
Work Package 1: Interaction of the Southern ocean with the atmosphere
WP1 will use new observations of surface fluxes and their controlling parameters in order to better constrain the exchanges of heat and carbon loss across the surface of the Southern Ocean. -
Work Package 2: Exchange between the upper ocean mixed layer and the interior.
This work package will combine observationally-derived data and model simulations to determine and understand the exchanges between the ocean mixed layer and its interior. -
Work Package 3: Exchange between the Southern Ocean and the global ocean .
This WP will use budget analyses of the hydrographic/tracer sections to diagnose the three-dimensional velocity field of the waters entering, leaving and recirculating within the Southern Atlantic sector of the Southern ocean. -
Fieldwork and data collection
The campaign consists of 12 core cruises on board the NERC research vessels RRS James Clark Ross and RRS James Cook and will include hydrographic/tracer sections conducted across Drake Passage (SR1b), the northern Weddell Sea/Scotia Sea (A23), the northern rim of the Weddell Gyre (ANDREXII) and across the South Atlantic (24S). Section I6S will be performed by GO-SHIP Project Partners. Measurements will include temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, velocity, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, inorganic nutrients, oxygen and carbon isotopes, and underway meteorological and surface ocean observations including pCO2.
Tags will be deployed on 30 Weddel seals and these will provide temperature and salinity profiles that can be used alongside the Argo data.
Autonomous underwater ocean gliders will conduct multi-month missions and will deliver data on ocean stratification, heat content, mixed layer depth and turbulent mixing over the upper 1 km, with previously-unobtainable temporal resolution. These gliders will be deployed in the Weddell Gyre and the ACC.
Field campaigns with the MASIN meteorological aircrafts will be conducted flying out of Rothera and Halley research stations and the Falkland Islands. These campaigns will deliver information on key variables relating to air-sea fluxes (surface and air temperature, wind, humidity, atmospheric CO2, radiation, turbulent fluxes of heat, momentum and CO2), in different sea ice conditions and oceanic regimes.
Eart Observation datasets will be used to inform the programme on the properties of the ocean, sea ice and atmosphere and on interactions between them.
A cluster of 6 deep ocean moorings in the Orkney Passage will collect year round series of AABW temperatre and transport. This work connects to the NERC funded project Dynamics of the Orkney Passage Outflow (DYNOPO).
The UK Earth System model (UKESM) and underlying physical model will be used to conduct analyses of heat and carbon uptake and transport by the Southern Ocean and their links to wider climate on decadal timescales.
An eddy-resolving (1/12°) sector model of the ocean south of 30°S with 75 vertical levels, will be built using the NEMO model coupled to the Los Alamos sea ice (CICE) model. The improvements on the ocean boundary layer will be based from the results from the NERC-funded OSMOSIS project and the inclusion of tides.
20-5 year runs of an adjoint model will be conducted to determine how key forcings and model states affect the uptake and subduction of heat and carbon by the ocean.
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Cruise
Cruise Name | JR17001 (ORCHESTRA) |
Departure Date | 2017-11-21 |
Arrival Date | 2017-12-21 |
Principal Scientist(s) | David Barnes (British Antarctic Survey), J Alexander Brearley (British Antarctic Survey), Yvonne L Firing (National Oceanography Centre, Southampton) |
Ship | RRS James Clark Ross |
Complete Cruise Metadata Report is available here
Fixed Station Information
No Fixed Station Information held for the Series
BODC Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
Flag | Description |
---|---|
Blank | Unqualified |
< | Below detection limit |
> | In excess of quoted value |
A | Taxonomic flag for affinis (aff.) |
B | Beginning of CTD Down/Up Cast |
C | Taxonomic flag for confer (cf.) |
D | Thermometric depth |
E | End of CTD Down/Up Cast |
G | Non-taxonomic biological characteristic uncertainty |
H | Extrapolated value |
I | Taxonomic flag for single species (sp.) |
K | Improbable value - unknown quality control source |
L | Improbable value - originator's quality control |
M | Improbable value - BODC quality control |
N | Null value |
O | Improbable value - user quality control |
P | Trace/calm |
Q | Indeterminate |
R | Replacement value |
S | Estimated value |
T | Interpolated value |
U | Uncalibrated |
W | Control value |
X | Excessive difference |
SeaDataNet Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
Flag | Description |
---|---|
0 | no quality control |
1 | good value |
2 | probably good value |
3 | probably bad value |
4 | bad value |
5 | changed value |
6 | value below detection |
7 | value in excess |
8 | interpolated value |
9 | missing value |
A | value phenomenon uncertain |
B | nominal value |
Q | value below limit of quantification |