Metadata Report for BODC Series Reference Number 1980177

• Metadata Summary

• Problem Reports

• Data Access Policy

• Narrative Documents

• Project Information

• Data Activity or Cruise Information

• Fixed Station Information

• BODC Quality Flags

• SeaDataNet Quality Flags

Metadata Summary

Problem Reports

No Problem Report Found in the Database

Data Access Policy

Open Data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)

You must always use the following attribution statement to acknowledge the source of the information: "Contains data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council."

Narrative Documents

Metrohm 848 Titrino Plus titrator

The Metrohm 848 Titrino Plus is a titrator used for dynamic and monotonic determination of solution concentrations. The Titrino Plus is simple to operate and robust so is ideal for daily, routine laboratory titrations. The titrator can be used in applications such as aqueous and non-aqueous, acid and base, redox, precipitation, complexometric and photometric titrations as well as titrations with polarizable electrodes.

The 848 Titrino Plus is composed of an exchange unit, stirrer and USB compact printer that when connected are automatically recognized and configured. The Metrohm exchange unit contains an intelligent chip that automatically passes data necessary for an error-free titration, such as cylinder volume, reagent type and titer validity, to the titrator. The high-resolution measuring interface of the 848 Titrino also ensures that highly precise results are obtained and the large live display, with titration curve, enables the user to easily determine the status of a titration.

Either a magnetic stirrer or a propeller stirrer can be connected to the Titrino Plus and the stirring rate is stored, guaranteeing maximum reproducibility of data.

Specifications

Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.

Niskin Bottle

The Niskin bottle is a device used by oceanographers to collect subsurface seawater samples. It is a plastic bottle with caps and rubber seals at each end and is deployed with the caps held open, allowing free-flushing of the bottle as it moves through the water column.

Standard Niskin

The standard version of the bottle includes a plastic-coated metal spring or elastic cord running through the interior of the bottle that joins the two caps, and the caps are held open against the spring by plastic lanyards. When the bottle reaches the desired depth the lanyards are released by a pressure-actuated switch, command signal or messenger weight and the caps are forced shut and sealed, trapping the seawater sample.

Lever Action Niskin

The Lever Action Niskin Bottle differs from the standard version, in that the caps are held open during deployment by externally mounted stainless steel springs rather than an internal spring or cord. Lever Action Niskins are recommended for applications where a completely clear sample chamber is critical or for use in deep cold water.

Clean Sampling

A modified version of the standard Niskin bottle has been developed for clean sampling. This is teflon-coated and uses a latex cord to close the caps rather than a metal spring. The clean version of the Levered Action Niskin bottle is also teflon-coated and uses epoxy covered springs in place of the stainless steel springs. These bottles are specifically designed to minimise metal contamination when sampling trace metals.

Deployment

Bottles may be deployed singly clamped to a wire or in groups of up to 48 on a rosette. Standard bottles and Lever Action bottles have a capacity between 1.7 and 30 L. Reversing thermometers may be attached to a spring-loaded disk that rotates through 180° on bottle closure.

Oxygen concentrations from Niskin bottle samples collected during CAO cruise JR17005

Originator's Protocol for Data Acquisition and Analysis

Samples for dissolved oxygen analysis, measured using the Winkler method, were collected from a number of CTD casts to calibrate the CTD oxygen sensor. In each case water samples were taken in triplicate from three depths: at the oxygen maximum, the oxygen minimum and the mid-point between those in terms of oxygen concentration.

Water samples were collected into volume-calibrated 110 mL glass bottles using techniques to exclude bubbles. Each bottle was rinsed three times with the seawater before filling and was over-filled for 30 seconds, both as an extra bottle rinse and to bring the bottle down to temperature, which was found to significantly improve reproducibility. Immediately after water filling, water temperatures were taken using a temperature probe. 1 mL each of the Winkler reagents A and B (manganese chloride tetrahydrate and sodium iodide-sodium hydroxide mixture) were then added via pipette, placing the end of the pipette tip just below the water surface whilst dispensing. Samples were then stoppered, mixed by inverting a few times and stored at room temperature.

Dissolved oxygen concentrations were measured onboard using a Metrohm Titrino 848 automatic titrator with a double-wire platinum electrode. A magnetic stir bar and 1 mL of sulphuric acid were first added to each sample. Samples were then pre-mixed on a separate stirring plate to dissolve all the precipitate before analysis. Titrations were then carried out using a potassium thiosulphate titrant and sample titre volumes recorded. The burette, electrode and magnetic stir bar were rinsed with Milli-Q water between each sample to avoid cross-contamination.

Instrumentation description

Metrohm Titrino 848 automatic titrator

BODC Data Processing Procedures

The data were reformatted and assigned BODC parameter codes, conversions were not necessary as the originator's units were the same as the units of the BODC parameter codes. The data contained triplicate samples at each depth which were averaged and the standard deviation calculated by the originator. Data were loaded in BODC's samples database under Oracle Relational Database Management System using established BODC data banking procedures. Sample metadata were checked against information held in the database where no discrepancies were found.

The oxygen concentration and standard deviation were mapped to BODC parameter codes as follows:

Originator's flags were matched against BODC flags according to the table below:

The original file is available upon request.

Data Quality Report

One mismatch was found for cast 16 where the originator sent data for bottle 21. This cast had only 13 bottles fired, and therefore a clarification from the originator was made and the data were found to be from bottle 10.

Project Information

Changing Arctic Ocean: Implications for marine biology and biogeochemistry

Changing Arctic Ocean (CAO) is a £16 million, five year (2017-2022) research programme initially funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). The aim of the CAO programme is to understand how change in the physical environment (ice and ocean) will affect the large-scale ecosystem structure and biogeochemical functioning of the Arctic Ocean, the potential major impacts and provide projections for future ecosystem services. In July 2018, additional projects were added to the programme that were jointly funded by NERC and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.

Background

The Arctic Ocean is responding to global climate change in ways that are not yet fully understood and in some cases, not yet identified. The impacts of change in the Arctic are global in range and international in importance. To achieve the aim, the programme has two key research challenges:

• To develop quantified understanding of the structure and functioning of Arctic ecosystems.
• To understand the sensitivity of Arctic ecosystem structure, functioning and services to multiple stressors and the development of projections of the impacts of change.

The decision to fund the CAO project was both scientific and political and is the second largest research programme funded by NERC.

The programme involves 33 organisations, the majority of which are research institutions in the UK and Germany, and over 170 scientists. The programme consists of four large projects with an additional 12 research projects added in July 2018.

Further information can be found on the Changing Arctic Ocean website.

Participants

There are 33 organisations involved in the Changing Arctic Ocean project, these are:

• Alfred Wegener Institut (AWI)
• Bangor University
• British Antarctic Survey (BAS)
• Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS)
• Durham University
• GEOMAR
• Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Centre for Materials and Coastal Research
• Lancaster University
• Marine Biological Association (MBA)
• Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
• National Oceanography Centre (NOC)
• Newcastle University
• Northumbria University
• Ocean Atmosphere Systems GmbH
• Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML)
• Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS)
• Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC)
• Université Libre de Bruxelles
• University College London (UCL)
• University of Bristol
• University of East Anglia (UEA)
• University of Edinburgh
• University of Glasgow
• University of Huddersfield
• University of Leeds
• University of Liverpool
• University of Manchester
• University of Oldenburg
• University of Oxford
• University of Southampton
• University of St Andrews
• University of Stirling
• University of Strathclyde

In addition to the core organisation, there are a number of international collaborators.

Research Details

The four large projects funded by NERC are:

• Arctic Productivity in the seasonal Ice Zone (Arctic PRIZE)
• Can we detect changes in Arctic ecosystems? (ARISE)
• The Changing Arctic Ocean Seafloor (ChAOS) - How changing sea ice conditions impact biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystems
• Mechanistic understanding of the role of diatoms in the success of the Arctic Calanus complex and implications for a warmer Arctic (DIAPOD)

The additional 12 projects added in July 2018 funded jointly by NERC and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research are:

• Advective Pathways of nutrients and key Ecological substances in the Arctic (APEAR)
• How will changing freshwater export and terrestrial permafrost thaw influence the Arctic Ocean? (CACOON)
• Chronobiology of changing Arctic Sea Ecosystems (CHASE)
• Potential benefits and risks of borealisation for fish stocks and ecosystems in a changing Arctic Ocean (Coldfish)
• Diatom Autecological Responses with Changes To Ice Cover (Diatom-ARCTIC)
• Ecosystem functions controlled by sea ice and light in a changing Arctic (Eco-Light)
• Effects of ice stressors and pollutants on the Arctic marine cryosphere (EISPAC)
• Linking Oceanography and Multi-specific, spatially-Variable Interactions of seabirds and their prey in the Arctic (LOMVIA)
• Understanding the links between pelagic microbial ecosystems and organic matter cycling in the changing Arctic (Micro-ARC)
• Microbes to Megafauna Modelling of Arctic Seas (MiMeMo)
• Primary productivity driven by escalating Arctic nutrient fluxes? (PEANUTS)
• Pathways and emissions of climate-relevant trace gases in a changing Arctic Ocean (PETRA)

Fieldwork and Data Collection

The programme consists of seven core cruises that survey areas in the Barents Sea and the Fram Strait on board the NERC research vessel RRS James Clark Ross. Measurements will include temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, inorganic nutrients, oxygen and carbon isotopes and underway meteorological and surface ocean observations. In addition to ship based cruise datasets gliders, moorings and animal tags are part of the fieldwork. Further data are collected from model runs.

Data Activity or Cruise Information

Data Activity

BODC Sample Metadata Report for JR17005_CTD_CTD019

Please note:the supplied parameters may not have been sampled from all the bottle firings described in the table above. Cross-match the Sample Reference Number above against the SAMPRFNM value in the data file to identify the relevant metadata.

Related Data Activity activities are detailed in Appendix 1

Cruise

Complete Cruise Metadata Report is available here

Fixed Station Information

Fixed Station Information

Changing Arctic Ocean Fixed Station NT2

JR17005 cruise was part of the NERC Changing Arctic Ocean inolving ARISE and DIAPOD projects, surveying sections of the Fram Strait at pre-determined locations in the Arctic.

Station NT2 formed part of the N line transect, and was a 24 hour station which involved multiple scientific deployments (see Table 2).

Table 1. Station Summary

Table 2. Sampling History

The JR17005 cruise track (Figure 1) displays all stations visited during the cruise including fixed stations (super stations) and skinny stations for reference purposes only.

Figure 1. JR17005 Cruise Track

Fixed stations occured at various transects across the survey area, as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2. Summary of JR17005 fixed stations (super stations). Skinny stations have been included for reference purposes only.

Related Fixed Station activities are detailed in Appendix 2

BODC Quality Control Flags

The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:

SeaDataNet Quality Control Flags

The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:

Appendix 1: JR17005_CTD_CTD019

Related series for this Data Activity are presented in the table below. Further information can be found by following the appropriate links.

If you are interested in these series, please be aware we offer a multiple file download service. Should your credentials be insufficient for automatic download, the service also offers a referral to our Enquiries Officer who may be able to negotiate access.

Appendix 2: CAO NT2

Related series for this Fixed Station are presented in the table below. Further information can be found by following the appropriate links.

If you are interested in these series, please be aware we offer a multiple file download service. Should your credentials be insufficient for automatic download, the service also offers a referral to our Enquiries Officer who may be able to negotiate access.