Metadata Report for BODC Series Reference Number 1988444
Metadata Summary
Problem Reports
Data Access Policy
Narrative Documents
Project Information
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Fixed Station Information
BODC Quality Flags
SeaDataNet Quality Flags
Metadata Summary
Data Description |
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Data Identifiers |
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Time Co-ordinates(UT) |
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Spatial Co-ordinates | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Parameters |
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Definition of BOTTFLAG | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
BOTTFLAG | Definition |
---|---|
0 | The sampling event occurred without any incident being reported to BODC. |
1 | The filter in an in-situ sampling pump physically ruptured during sample resulting in an unquantifiable loss of sampled material. |
2 | Analytical evidence (e.g. surface water salinity measured on a sample collected at depth) indicates that the water sample has been contaminated by water from depths other than the depths of sampling. |
3 | The feedback indicator on the deck unit reported that the bottle closure command had failed. General Oceanics deck units used on NERC vessels in the 80s and 90s were renowned for reporting misfires when the bottle had been closed. This flag is also suitable for when a trigger command is mistakenly sent to a bottle that has previously been fired. |
4 | During the sampling deployment the bottle was fired in an order other than incrementing rosette position. Indicative of the potential for errors in the assignment of bottle firing depth, especially with General Oceanics rosettes. |
5 | Water was reported to be escaping from the bottle as the rosette was being recovered. |
6 | The bottle seals were observed to be incorrectly seated and the bottle was only part full of water on recovery. |
7 | Either the bottle was found to contain no sample on recovery or there was no bottle fitted to the rosette position fired (but SBE35 record may exist). |
8 | There is reason to doubt the accuracy of the sampling depth associated with the sample. |
9 | The bottle air vent had not been closed prior to deployment giving rise to a risk of sample contamination through leakage. |
Definition of Rank |
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Problem Reports
No Problem Report Found in the Database
Data Access Policy
Open Data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
You must always use the following attribution statement to acknowledge the source of the information: "Contains data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council."
Narrative Documents
Niskin Bottle
The Niskin bottle is a device used by oceanographers to collect subsurface seawater samples. It is a plastic bottle with caps and rubber seals at each end and is deployed with the caps held open, allowing free-flushing of the bottle as it moves through the water column.
Standard Niskin
The standard version of the bottle includes a plastic-coated metal spring or elastic cord running through the interior of the bottle that joins the two caps, and the caps are held open against the spring by plastic lanyards. When the bottle reaches the desired depth the lanyards are released by a pressure-actuated switch, command signal or messenger weight and the caps are forced shut and sealed, trapping the seawater sample.
Lever Action Niskin
The Lever Action Niskin Bottle differs from the standard version, in that the caps are held open during deployment by externally mounted stainless steel springs rather than an internal spring or cord. Lever Action Niskins are recommended for applications where a completely clear sample chamber is critical or for use in deep cold water.
Clean Sampling
A modified version of the standard Niskin bottle has been developed for clean sampling. This is teflon-coated and uses a latex cord to close the caps rather than a metal spring. The clean version of the Levered Action Niskin bottle is also teflon-coated and uses epoxy covered springs in place of the stainless steel springs. These bottles are specifically designed to minimise metal contamination when sampling trace metals.
Deployment
Bottles may be deployed singly clamped to a wire or in groups of up to 48 on a rosette. Standard bottles and Lever Action bottles have a capacity between 1.7 and 30 L. Reversing thermometers may be attached to a spring-loaded disk that rotates through 180° on bottle closure.
Turner Designs 10AU Field Fluorometer
The Turner Designs 10AU is designed for continuous-flow monitoring or discrete sample analyses of fluorescent species. A variety of optical kits with appropriate filters and lamps are available for a wide range of applications. Individual filters and lamps are also available for customised applications.
Standard optical kits include those for chlorophyll-a (extracted and/or in vivo), phycocyanin, phycoerythrin, CDOM, ammonium, rhodamine and fluorescein dye tracing, crude oil, refined oil, histamine and optical brighteners.
The instrument's light source is a 4 watt lamp and the detector is a photomultiplier tube with a standard detection range of 300-650 nm. A red-sensitive version with a detetion range of 185-970 nm is also available.
Specifications
Operating temperature | 0 to 55°C |
Detector | PhotoMultiplier Tube 300 to 650 nm (standard) 185 to 870 nm (Red) |
Detection Limits: Extracted Chlorophyll-a Rhodamine WT Dye Fluorescein Dye | 0.025 µg L-1 0.01 ppb (in potable water) 0.01 ppb (in potable water) |
Linear range: Extracted Chlorophyll-a Rhodamine WT Dye Fluorescein Dye | 0 to 250µg L-1 0 to 250 ppb 0 to 250 ppb |
Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.
Size-fractionated Chlorophyll concentrations by bench fluorometry for UK SOLAS cruise D338
Originator's Data Acquisition and Analysis
Discrete chlorophyll samples were collected from the ship's non-toxic water supply and from the CTD rosette sampler in order to calibrate the output from the CTD and underway fluorometers against extracted chlorophyll measurements.
A total of 52 samples were collected from ca. 5 m depth using the ship's pumped non-toxic water supply. Underway samples were filtered onto 0.2 µm polycarbonate filters.
A total of 132 CTD samples from 26 casts were collected from the Niskin bottles deployed on the CTD rosette frame. CTD samples were filtered sequentially onto 2 µm and then 0.2 µm polycarbonate filters, to determine the > 2 µm and the 0.2-2 µm fractions.
Sample analysis was according to the methods of Welschmeyer (1994). Filters were extracted in 5 ml 90% acetone at -20 oC for approximately 18 hours. Chlorophyll analysis was performed on board, using a Turner Designs fluorometer, calibrated against fresh chlorophylla standard (Sigma, UK) in 90% acetone. Where time allowed samples were analysed in triplicate.
References
Welschmeyer N.A., 1994. Fluorometric analysis of chlorophyll a in the presence of chlorophyll b and phaeopigments. Limnology and Oceanography, 39, 8, 1985-1992.
BODC Data Processing Procedures
Data were received by BODC in two spreadsheet files: one containing CTD chlorophyll a data (D338_chla_CLW_PML.xls) and one containing underway data (D338_underway_chla_CLW.xls). The following metadata fields were included: date, time and also CTD cast number, bottle number and depth for CTD profiles. Details of the fluorometer calibration were also provided.
Parameter codes defined in the BODC parameter dictionary were mapped to the variables as follows:
Orginator's Parameter | Units | Description | BODC Parameter Code | Units | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean Chl a | µg L-1 | Concentration of chlorophyll-a {chl-a} per unit volume of the water body [particulate >0.2um phase] by filtration, acetone extraction and fluorometry | CPHLFLP5 | mg m-3 | Underway |
Chl a S.D. | µg L-1 | Concentration standard deviation of chlorophyll-a {chl-a} per unit volume of the water body [particulate >0.2um phase] by filtration, acetone extraction and fluorometry | CPHLFLSD | mg m-3 | Underway |
Chl a > 2 µm | µg L-1 | Concentration of chlorophyll-a {chl-a} per unit volume of the water body [particulate >2um phase] by filtration, acetone extraction and fluorometry | SCHLFLPB | mg m-3 | CTD |
Chl a 2-0.2 µm | µg L-1 | Concentration of chlorophyll-a {chl-a} per unit volume of the water body [particulate 0.2-2um phase] by filtration, acetone extraction and fluorometry | SCHLFLPF | mg m-3 | CTD |
Total Chl a | µg L-1 | Concentration of chlorophyll-a {chl-a} per unit volume of the water body [particulate >0.2um phase] by filtration, acetone extraction and fluorometry and summation of size-fractionated values | CPHLFLP4 | mg m-3 | CTD |
The data were banked according to BODC standard procedures for water sample data. For rosette sampling data, bottle numbers in the originator's source files were matched to rosette position numbers in BODC's database. Depths were then cross-checked to ensure good agreement. As no bottle numbers were available for CTD cast 78, these data were ascribed to CTD bottle records for the cast by nearest match on the sample depth.
Data Quality Report
The data originator identified an unspecified problem with the sample from CTD 83, at 8 m depth. These data have been flagged as suspect. Data from CTD_055 for size fractionated chlorophyll has been flagged as improbable values due to depth discrepancies. This could not be confirmed or denied by the originator, so these data should be used only with caution.
Project Information
UK Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study
The UK Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (UK SOLAS) is the UK's contribution to the international SOLAS programme.
UK SOLAS formed interdisciplinary teams to address three primary aims
- To determine the mechanisms controlling rates of chemical transfer and improve estimates of chemical exchanges
- To evaluate the impact of these exchanges on the biogeochemistry of the surface ocean and lower atmosphere and on feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere
- To quantify the impacts of these boundary layer processes on the global climate system
UK SOLAS started in 2003, to run for seven years. The programme was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council.
Funded projects
In total, 19 projects have been funded by UK SOLAS, over four funding rounds.
Project Title | Short Title | Principal Investigator |
---|---|---|
Impact of atmospheric dust derived material and nutrient inputs on near-surface plankton microbiota in the tropical North Atlantic | Dust | Eric Achterberg |
The role and effects of photoprotective compounds in marine plankton | - | Steve Archer |
Field observations of sea spray, gas fluxes and whitecaps | SEASAW | Ian Brooks |
Factors influencing the biogeochemistry of iodine in the marine environment | - | Lucy Carpenter |
Global model of aerosol processes - effects of aerosol in the marine atmospheric boundary layer | GLOMAP | Ken Carslaw |
Ecological controls on fluxes of dimethyl sulphide (DMS) to the atmosphere | - | David Green |
Dust outflow and deposition to the ocean | DODO | Ellie Highwood |
Investigation of near surface production of iodocarbons - rates and exchanges | INSPIRE | Gill Malin |
Reactive halogens in the marine boundary layer | RHaMBLe | Gordon McFiggans |
The role of bacterioneuston in determining trace gas exchange rates | - | Colin Murrell |
Measuring methanol in sea water and investigating its sources and sinks in the marine environment | - | Phil Nightingale |
The impact of coastal upwellings on air-sea exchange of climatically important gases | ICON | Carol Robinson |
The Deep Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment | DOGEE | Rob Upstill-Goddard |
High wind air-sea exchanges | HiWASE | Margaret Yelland |
Aerosol characterisation and modelling in the marine environment | ACMME | James Allan |
3D simulation of dimethyl sulphide (DMS) in the north east Atlantic | - | Icarus Allen |
Processes affecting the chemistry and bioavailability of dust borne iron | - | Michael Krom |
The chemical structure of the lowermost atmosphere | - | Alastair Lewis |
Factors influencing the oxidative chemistry of the marine boundary layer | - | Paul Monks |
UK SOLAS has also supported ten tied studentships, and two CASE studentships.
Fieldwork
UK SOLAS fieldwork has included eight dedicated research cruises in the North Atlantic Ocean. Continuous measurements were made aboard aboard the Norwegian weather ship, Polarfront, until her decommission in 2009. Time series have been established at the SOLAS Cape Verde Observatory, and at the Plymouth Marine Laboratory L4 station. Experiments have taken place at the Bergen mesocosm facility.
A series of collaborative aircraft campaigns have added complementary atmospheric data. These campaigns were funded by UK SOLAS, African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA-UK), Dust and Biomass Experiment (DABEX) and the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM).
Weblink: http://www.nerc.ac.uk/research/programmes/solas/
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Data Activity
Start Date (yyyy-mm-dd) | 2009-04-24 |
End Date (yyyy-mm-dd) | 2009-04-24 |
Organization Undertaking Activity | University of East Anglia School of Environmental Sciences |
Country of Organization | United Kingdom |
Originator's Data Activity Identifier | D338_CTD_CTD_026 |
Platform Category | lowered unmanned submersible |
BODC Sample Metadata Report for D338_CTD_CTD_026
Sample reference number | Nominal collection volume(l) | Bottle rosette position | Bottle firing sequence number | Minimum pressure sampled (dbar) | Maximum pressure sampled (dbar) | Depth of sampling point (m) | Bottle type | Sample quality flag | Bottle reference | Comments |
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205920 | 20.00 | 1 | 1 | 83.30 | 83.60 | 82.90 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
205921 | 10.00 | 2 | 2 | 83.20 | 83.60 | 82.90 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
205922 | 20.00 | 3 | 3 | 83.20 | 83.60 | 82.90 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
205923 | 20.00 | 4 | 4 | 63.50 | 64.00 | 63.30 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
205924 | 20.00 | 5 | 5 | 63.50 | 63.80 | 63.20 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
205925 | 20.00 | 6 | 6 | 48.30 | 48.50 | 48.10 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
205926 | 20.00 | 7 | 7 | 38.20 | 38.50 | 38.10 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
205927 | 20.00 | 8 | 8 | 38.30 | 38.60 | 38.20 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
205928 | 20.00 | 9 | 9 | 38.10 | 38.60 | 38.10 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
205929 | 20.00 | 10 | 10 | 38.30 | 38.60 | 38.20 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
205930 | 20.00 | 11 | 11 | 28.30 | 28.50 | 28.20 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
205931 | 20.00 | 12 | 12 | 28.00 | 28.60 | 28.10 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
205932 | 20.00 | 13 | 13 | 18.10 | 18.30 | 18.10 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
205933 | 20.00 | 14 | 14 | 18.10 | 18.40 | 18.10 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
205934 | 20.00 | 15 | 15 | 18.20 | 18.40 | 18.20 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
205935 | 20.00 | 16 | 16 | 11.10 | 11.50 | 11.20 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
205936 | 20.00 | 17 | 17 | 11.10 | 11.50 | 11.20 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
205937 | 20.00 | 18 | 18 | 8.10 | 8.50 | 8.20 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
205938 | 10.00 | 19 | 19 | 8.10 | 8.40 | 8.20 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
205939 | 20.00 | 20 | 20 | 8.00 | 8.40 | 8.10 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
205940 | 20.00 | 21 | 21 | 2.20 | 2.70 | 2.40 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
205941 | 20.00 | 22 | 22 | 2.30 | 2.70 | 2.50 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
205942 | 20.00 | 23 | 23 | 2.20 | 2.50 | 2.30 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported | ||
205943 | 20.00 | 24 | 24 | 2.20 | 2.80 | 2.50 | Niskin bottle | No problem reported |
Please note:the supplied parameters may not have been sampled from all the bottle firings described in the table above. Cross-match the Sample Reference Number above against the SAMPRFNM value in the data file to identify the relevant metadata.
Related Data Activity activities are detailed in Appendix 1
Cruise
Cruise Name | D338 |
Departure Date | 2009-04-15 |
Arrival Date | 2009-05-27 |
Principal Scientist(s) | Carol Robinson (University of East Anglia School of Environmental Sciences) |
Ship | RRS Discovery |
Complete Cruise Metadata Report is available here
Fixed Station Information
No Fixed Station Information held for the Series
BODC Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
Flag | Description |
---|---|
Blank | Unqualified |
< | Below detection limit |
> | In excess of quoted value |
A | Taxonomic flag for affinis (aff.) |
B | Beginning of CTD Down/Up Cast |
C | Taxonomic flag for confer (cf.) |
D | Thermometric depth |
E | End of CTD Down/Up Cast |
G | Non-taxonomic biological characteristic uncertainty |
H | Extrapolated value |
I | Taxonomic flag for single species (sp.) |
K | Improbable value - unknown quality control source |
L | Improbable value - originator's quality control |
M | Improbable value - BODC quality control |
N | Null value |
O | Improbable value - user quality control |
P | Trace/calm |
Q | Indeterminate |
R | Replacement value |
S | Estimated value |
T | Interpolated value |
U | Uncalibrated |
W | Control value |
X | Excessive difference |
SeaDataNet Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
Flag | Description |
---|---|
0 | no quality control |
1 | good value |
2 | probably good value |
3 | probably bad value |
4 | bad value |
5 | changed value |
6 | value below detection |
7 | value in excess |
8 | interpolated value |
9 | missing value |
A | value phenomenon uncertain |
B | nominal value |
Q | value below limit of quantification |
Appendix 1: D338_CTD_CTD_026
Related series for this Data Activity are presented in the table below. Further information can be found by following the appropriate links.
If you are interested in these series, please be aware we offer a multiple file download service. Should your credentials be insufficient for automatic download, the service also offers a referral to our Enquiries Officer who may be able to negotiate access.
Series Identifier | Data Category | Start date/time | Start position | Cruise |
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1248089 | Water sample data | 2009-04-24 09:19:00 | 20.96398 N, 17.47982 W | RRS Discovery D338 |
2125339 | Water sample data | 2009-04-24 09:19:00 | 20.96398 N, 17.47982 W | RRS Discovery D338 |