Metadata Report for BODC Series Reference Number 530363

• Metadata Summary

• Problem Reports

• Data Access Policy

• Narrative Documents

• Project Information

• Data Activity or Cruise Information

• Fixed Station Information

• BODC Quality Flags

• SeaDataNet Quality Flags

Metadata Summary

Problem Reports

No Problem Report Found in the Database

Data Quality Report

Series depth was set nominally as one metre above sea floor.

Data Access Policy

Open Data

These data have no specific confidentiality restrictions for users. However, users must acknowledge data sources as it is not ethical to publish data without proper attribution. Any publication or other output resulting from usage of the data should include an acknowledgment.

If the Information Provider does not provide a specific attribution statement, or if you are using Information from several Information Providers and multiple attributions are not practical in your product or application, you may consider using the following:

"Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v1.0."

Narrative Documents

No Narrative Document information held in the BODC database

Project Information

World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE)

The World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) was a major international experiment which made measurements and undertook modelling studies of the deep oceans in order to provide a much improved understanding of the role of ocean circulation in changing and ameliorating the Earth's climate.

WOCE had two major goals:

• Goal 1. To develop models to predict climate and to collect the data necessary to test them.

• Goal 2. To determine the representativeness of the Goal 1 observations and to deduce cost effective means of determining long-term changes in ocean circulation.

The ACCLAIM Programme in the South Atlantic and Southern Oceans

Introduction

The ACCLAIM (Antarctic Circumpolar Current Levels by Altimetry and Island Measurements) programme in the South Atlantic and Southern Oceans consists of measurements from coastal tide gauges and bottom pressure stations, together with an ongoing research programme in satellite altimetry. ACCLAIM is the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory's main contribution to WOCE (and, in particular, to WOCE Core 2) and one of its objectives is the study of variations of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. ACCLAIM is managed within the Global Sea Level Change (GSLC) group at POL led by Dr.J.M.Vassie.

The history of the development of ACCLAIM is described in the report by Spencer et al. (1993)

Phase 1

From Spencer et al. (1993) it can be seen that in Phase 1 of ACCLAIM from 1983, measurements at coastal tide gauge sites took the form of sub-surface pressure (SSP) measurements (units of pressure e.g. mbar) rather than sea level (units of length e.g. centimetres). SSP is here defined as the total, measured pressure recorded by a sub-surface pressure transducer, a measurement which includes the pressure load from the atmosphere as well as from the water column. It is absolutely essential that any user of ACCLAIM data realises which data type (either SSP or sea level) is being analysed.

The Phase 1 coastal SSP data were acquired in different ways (e.g. with a diver-replaced Aanderaa pressure gauge at Ascension, or with a Digiquartz in the sea sensor at St.Helena, see Spencer et al. 1993 for details) and with different pressure integration periods (e.g. quarter hour, half hour, one hour). For WOCE Centre purposes the original data have generally been filtered to give one hour sampling.

However, common to all records is an uncertainty connected with potential offset biases and drifts in the pressure sensors. At some sites (e.g. St.Helena) extensive tide pole data are also available and biases and long term drifts in the sensor data may eventually be rectified (this is under study at present). However, the drifts in general mean that in most cases the records should not be used, without further careful attention in particular studies, for the study of timescales seasonal or longer.

Phase 2

From around early 1993, the gauges at many of the sites were replaced by Phase 2 ACCLAIM 'B gauges' which record SSP, air pressure and sea level as described in Woodworth et al. (1996)

The Phase 2 coastal sea level data have precise datum control (see Woodworth et al. 1996 for details) and can certainly be used for long term studies. These data have also been contributed to the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) and Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS).

Ancilliary Data

Some of the Phase 1 data and all the Phase 2 coastal data will also contain ancillary information on air pressures and sea temperatures from ACCLAIM sensors. Several of these records contain large gaps. However, the GSLC group at POL has collected extensive sets of such ancillary data from meteorological agencies for its own analysis purposes, and should be able to provide further advice.

Deep Ocean Measurements

SSP measurements at deep ocean bottom pressure stations (together with inverted echo sounder and temperature measurements) have also been a feature of ACCLAIM. Measurements at Amsterdam and Kerguelen in the Indian Ocean are described in Vassie et al. (1994).

While most recording is now concentrated in the Scotia Sea - Drake Passage area of the Southern Ocean as part of WOCE Core 2. Tidal constituents from these recorders have contributed to the IAPSO Pelagic Constants data base maintained by the PSMSL at Bidston on behalf of IAPSO.

References

Spencer, R., Foden, P.R., McGarry, C., Harrison, A.J., Vassie, J.M., Baker, T.F., Smithson, M.J., Harangozo, S.A. and Woodworth, P.L. 1993.
The ACCLAIM programme in the South Atlantic and Southern Oceans. International Hydrographic Review, 70, 7-21.

Vassie, J.M., Harrison, A.J., Woodworth, P.L., Harangozo, S.A., Smithson, M.J. and Thompson, S.R. 1994.
On the temporal variability of the transport between Amsterdam and Kerguelen Islands. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99(C1), 937-949.

Woodworth, P.L., Vassie, J.M., Spencer, R. and Smith, D.E. 1996.
Precise datum control for pressure tide gauges. Marine Geodesy 19(1), 1-20.

Data Activity or Cruise Information

No Data Activity or Cruise Information held for the Series

Fixed Station Information

Fixed Station Information

Drake Passage South SD1/9192 Site History

History Summary

Quality Assessment

Depth given is approximate and pressures are relative. Long-term drift has been removed from the measurements.

Fixed Station Information

Drake Passage

The World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE, 1990-1998) was a major international experiment which made measurements and undertook modelling studies of the deep oceans in order to provide a much improved understanding of the role of ocean circulation in changing and ameliorating the Earth's climate.

The Drake Passage is the narrowest constriction of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) - the largest current in the world and connects all three major oceanic basins both horizontally and vertically, thus being a key control in the global overturning circulation.Within the Drake Passage, two repeat hydrographic sections (SR1 and SR1b) were established by WOCE. These were designed to extend measurements collected earlier by the International Southern Ocean Studies (ISOS) programme and have continued beyond the WOCE time-frame.

The original section was SR1 (which also covers part of the A21 one time survey track). Subsequently, the section was shifted to the east (and designated SR1b) in order for it to lie on a satellite ground track as illustrated in the image below.

In addition to the hydrographic measurements, UK research in Drake Passage also includes a network of coastal and deep tide gauges, analysis of satellite altimeter data, and state-of-the-art global numerical modeling.

Related Fixed Station activities are detailed in Appendix 1

BODC Quality Control Flags

The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:

SeaDataNet Quality Control Flags

The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:

Appendix 1: Drake Passage

Related series for this Fixed Station are presented in the table below. Further information can be found by following the appropriate links.

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