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BODC Cruise Metadata Report for RRS James Clark Ross (74JC) cruise JR19940101 (JR06 Leg 1)

Introduction

This report collates information from the BODC cruise inventory and oceanographic databases. It presents

Cruise Inventory Information

Long name RRS James Clark Ross (74JC) cruise JR19940101 (JR06 Leg 1)
Short name JR19940101 (JR06 Leg 1)
Objectives and Narrative To undertake large scale oceanographic/hydroacoustic transects in the Scotia Sea using underway monitoring and CTD casts, with reference to remote sensed data, to investigate large and mesoscale variability. To undertake a study of predator/prey interactions between the major bird and seal populations based in South Georgia and their food in the ocean nearby. This cruise was subtitled "Predator/Prey Cruise"; its primary objective to provide cross programme links between the Pelagic Ecosystem Studies (PES) and the Higher Predator programme. This was facilitated by the introduction of remote sensing techniques that could give real-time information on sea-surface temperature and the location of satellite tagged predators. This primary objective was approached by investigating the following areas:

(1) The multiple aims of PES long term monitoring programme (specifically resources)
(2) Shipborne observations of sea-birds
(3) The use of remote sensing data

The cruise demonstrated a link between krill populations and the breeding success of krill dependant predators. There was almost a total lack of swarming krill (Euphausia superba) in the Scotia Sea and around South Georgia. There were exceptionally low breeding success rates among bird and seal populations but this allowed observations of the Southern Ocean food-web when the ecosystem was under severe biological stress. Seamount biological layer was composed of copepods, amphipods and small euphausiids and a marked absence of gelatinous nektonic forms as well as predatory cnidarians and ctenophores.

Results:
1. krill caught from FNET, Multinet and RMT25 hauls, measured, aged and sexed.
2. Zooplankton samples were taken with vertically hauled Z nets for copepod egg production and grazing studies. LHPR profiles were also taken to 200m depth at biomass spectrum stations.
3. Quantify aspects foraging behaviour of albatrosses (38 feeding flocks with 21 near krill patches and 32 over continental shelves).
4. Seabird olfactory experiments to test birds' ability to detect DMS
5. Video footage of birds in flight - measure wing beat frequencies and record soaring manoeuvres
6. Particulate chlorophyll estimated fluorometrically to measure biomass variation, analysed continuously from pumped seawater supply and from discrete water samples, vertical sections and biomass spectrum sites.
7. Krill biomass spectrum - CTD grid around the Seamount with water samples for chlorophyll determinations and nutrient analysis were taken. XBTs deployed half way between CTD stations. Krill biomass spectrum sampled down current from sea mount.
8. Inorganic seawater nutrients measured to help identify water masses - analysis of non-toxic seawater supply continuously and of discrete CTD water bottle samples.
9. Microbial production and respiration studied at continental shelf for krill biomass with 9 CTD casts and detailed vertical profiles at 19 depths (0-280m)
10. SST remote sensing images
11. Satellite taggings of albatrosses and a fur seal from Bird Island
12. 4 large-scale transects during austral summer, 3 were opportunistic and comprised underway sampling.1 specifically sited transect of 14 CTD stations with water samples were taken at 6 depths 0-20m for chlorophyll and at 6 depths >200m for nutrient analysis. Vertically hauled "Z" nets deployed over the upper 200m at 8 CTD stations
13. Underway acoustic 120 and 38kHz echo-sounder data collected to locate krill, whilst on passage and during all surveys
14. Composition and vertical distribution of fish
Ship RRS James Clark Ross
Departure Port Stanley, Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
Departure Date 1994-01-01
Arrival Port Grytviken, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
Arrival Date 1994-02-01
Principal Scientist(s) Martin G White (British Antarctic Survey)
Responsible Organisation British Antarctic Survey
Associated Project(s) Pelagic Ecosystem Studies
IHB Sea Areas Visited South West Atlantic Ocean (limit 20W)
Marsden Squares Visited 447/483/484/485/518/519/520/554
Work Area Description S Ocean; esp. around South Georgia
Unable to lookup cruise bounds at this time
Work Area Bounding Polygon
Southern Limit unknown
Northern Limit unknown
Western Limit unknown
Eastern Limit unknown

Cruise Inventory Datasets

Physical oceanography  
Bathythermograph Quantity: number of stations = 176
Description: (leg 1 and 2 combined) physical oceanographic data measured during CTD casts - surface to near seabed  
CTD stations Quantity: number of profiles = 9
Description: microbial production and respiration studied with CTD casts  
CTD stations Quantity: number of stations = 176
Description: (leg 1 and 2 combined) physical oceanographic data measured during CTD casts - surface to near seabed  
CTD stations Quantity: number of surveys = 4
Description: large transects underway observations and CTD stations  
Current profiler (eg ADCP) Quantity: number of stations = 176
Description: (leg 1 and 2 combined) physical oceanographic data measured during CTD casts - surface to near seabed  
Current profiler (eg ADCP) Quantity: activity duration in days = 54
Description: continuous below surface shipborne ADCP  
Subsurface temperature and salinity measurements Quantity: activity duration in days = 54
Description: physical oceanographic measures from 8pm  
Subsurface temperature and salinity measurements Quantity: number of stations = 176
Description: (leg 1 and 2 combined) physical oceanographic data measured during CTD casts - surface to near seabed  
Subsurface temperature and salinity measurements Quantity: number of surveys = 4
Description: large transects underway observations and CTD stations  
Surface measurements underway (T,S) Quantity: number of surveys = 4
Description: large transects underway observations and CTD stations  
Water bottle stations Quantity: number of surveys = 4
Description: large transects underway observations and CTD stations  
Chemical oceanography  
Ammonia Quantity: number of surveys = 4
Description: large transects underway observations and CTD stations  
Ammonia Quantity: activity duration in days = 54
Description: measurements from underway continuous sampling during vessels operation from 8m depth  
Ammonia Quantity: activity duration in days = 32
Description: inorganic seawater nutrients measured - continuous and discrete samples  
Nitrate Quantity: activity duration in days = 54
Description: measurements from underway continuous sampling during vessels operation from 8m depth  
Nitrate Quantity: number of stations = 176
Description: (leg 1 and 2 combined) measurements from standard depths sampled with CTD rosette - from surface to near seabed or 3000m  
Nitrate Quantity: number of profiles = 19
Description: detailed vertical profiles for krill microbial studies - depths 0-280m  
Nitrate Quantity: activity duration in days = 32
Description: inorganic seawater nutrients measured - continuous and discrete samples  
Nitrate Quantity: number of surveys = 4
Description: large transects underway observations and CTD stations  
Nitrite Quantity: activity duration in days = 54
Description: measurements from underway continuous sampling during vessels operation from 8m depth  
Nitrite Quantity: number of stations = 176
Description: (leg 1 and 2 combined) measurements from standard depths sampled with CTD rosette - from surface to near seabed or 3000m  
Nitrite Quantity: number of surveys = 4
Description: large transects underway observations and CTD stations  
Nitrite Quantity: activity duration in days = 32
Description: inorganic seawater nutrients measured - continuous and discrete samples  
Nitrite Quantity: number of profiles = 19
Description: detailed vertical profiles for krill microbial studies - depths 0-280m  
Other chemical oceanographic measurements Quantity: number of images = 2
Description: SST remote sensing images  
Oxygen Quantity: number of profiles = 9
Description: microbial production and respiration studied with CTD casts  
Phosphate Quantity: activity duration in days = 54
Description: measurements from underway continuous sampling during vessels operation from 8m depth  
Phosphate Quantity: number of stations = 176
Description: (leg 1 and 2 combined) measurements from standard depths sampled with CTD rosette - from surface to near seabed or 3000m  
Phosphate Quantity: number of surveys = 4
Description: large transects underway observations and CTD stations  
Phosphate Quantity: activity duration in days = 32
Description: inorganic seawater nutrients measured - continuous and discrete samples  
Phosphate Quantity: number of profiles = 19
Description: detailed vertical profiles for krill microbial studies - depths 0-280m  
Silicate Quantity: number of stations = 176
Description: (leg 1 and 2 combined) measurements from standard depths sampled with CTD rosette - from surface to near seabed or 3000m  
Silicate Quantity: activity duration in days = 54
Description: measurements from underway continuous sampling during vessels operation from 8m depth  
Silicate Quantity: activity duration in days = 32
Description: inorganic seawater nutrients measured - continuous and discrete samples  
Silicate Quantity: number of surveys = 4
Description: large transects underway observations and CTD stations  
Silicate Quantity: number of profiles = 19
Description: detailed vertical profiles for krill microbial studies - depths 0-280m  
Total - N Quantity: number of stations = 176
Description: (leg 1 and 2 combined) measurements from standard depths sampled with CTD rosette - from surface to near seabed or 3000m  
Total - N Quantity: activity duration in days = 54
Description: measurements from underway continuous sampling during vessels operation from 8m depth  
Biology and fisheries  
Acoustic reflection on marine organisms. Quantity: number of surveys = 4
Description: large transects underway observations and CTD stations  
Acoustic reflection on marine organisms. Quantity: activity duration in days = 54
Description: continous hydroacoustics of upper water column (EK500)  
Birds Quantity: activity duration in days = 32
Description: observations of birds and seals link predators and prey  
Birds Quantity: activity duration in days = 28
Description: continuous observations of bird distribution and experiments on olfactory ability  
Birds Quantity: number of surveys = 4
Description: large transects underway observations and CTD stations  
Birds Quantity: activity duration in days = 26
Description: video records of bird flight  
Eggs and larvae Description: Rhincalanus gigas - 24 hour incubations, samples of eggs and copepodite stages taken  
Mammals and reptiles Quantity: activity duration in days = 32
Description: observations of birds and seals link predators and prey  
Other biological/fisheries measurement Quantity: activity duration in days = 54
Description: station data, cruise track records etc  
Particulate organic matter (inc POC, PON) Quantity: number of profiles = 19
Description: detailed vertical profiles for krill microbial studies - depths 0-280m  
Particulate organic matter (inc POC, PON) Quantity: number of profiles = 9
Description: microbial production and respiration studied with CTD casts  
Pelagic fish Quantity: number of hauls = 62
Description: from both legs, 650 fish caught leg 1- composition and vertical distribution of fish  
Phytoplankton pigs (eg chlorophyll, fluorescence) Quantity: number of profiles = 9
Description: microbial production and respiration studied with CTD casts  
Phytoplankton pigs (eg chlorophyll, fluorescence) Quantity: activity duration in days = 54
Description: phytoplankton estimates from underway measurements of fluorescence from particulate chlorophyll  
Phytoplankton pigs (eg chlorophyll, fluorescence) Quantity: number of surveys = 4
Description: large transects underway observations and CTD stations  
Taggings Quantity: number of specimens = 7
Description: satellite tagging: 3 grey-headed albatrosses, 3 black-browed albatrosses and 1 fur seal  
Zooplankton Quantity: number of hauls = 57
Description: Occurrence and biometry of euphausia superba  
Zooplankton Quantity: number of experiments = 6
Description: 24hour incubation grazing experiments  
Zooplankton Quantity: number of hauls = 7
Description: LHPR hauls taken to 200m  
Zooplankton Quantity: number of stations = 8
Description: vertically hauled "Z" nets  
Zooplankton Quantity: number of hauls = 39
Description: stratified vertical Z net hauls  
Zooplankton Quantity: number of specimens = 471
Description: krill measured, aged and sexed.  
Meteorology  
Routine standard measurements Quantity: number of surveys = 4
Description: large transects underway observations and CTD stations  

Cruise Inventory Mooring/Buoy Operations

No information on datasets is currently available

Summary of BODC Data Holdings for the Cruise

National Oceanographic Database

Summary

# Series Instrument Description Parameters
108 CTD/STD cast Density of the water column
Salinity of the water column
Temperature of the water column
Vertical spatial coordinates

Note: Parameter terms are taken from the BODC Parameter Discovery Vocabulary XML (SKOS)

Full List

BODC Reference Instrument Description Date/Time Location  
641779 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-03 11:19Z 50° 12' S, 41° 46' W Click for more
641780 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-03 15:45Z 50° 28' S, 41° 31' W Click for more
641792 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-03 19:53Z 50° 46' S, 41° 18' W Click for more
641811 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-04 00:13Z 51° 3' S, 41° 3' W Click for more
641823 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-04 04:45Z 51° 19' S, 40° 49' W Click for more
641835 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-04 10:48Z 51° 37' S, 40° 36' W Click for more
641847 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-04 16:46Z 51° 54' S, 40° 22' W Click for more
641859 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-04 21:10Z 52° 10' S, 40° 9' W Click for more
641860 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-05 03:33Z 52° 27' S, 39° 54' W Click for more
641872 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-05 08:35Z 52° 45' S, 39° 39' W Click for more
641884 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-05 11:54Z 53° 2' S, 39° 24' W Click for more
641896 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-05 15:17Z 53° 19' S, 39° 9' W Click for more
641903 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-05 18:19Z 53° 36' S, 38° 54' W Click for more
641915 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-08 15:02Z 54° 29' S, 35° 36' W Click for more
641927 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-11 15:43Z 53° 43' S, 38° 15' W Click for more
641939 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-11 17:20Z 53° 43' S, 38° 15' W Click for more
641940 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-11 22:00Z 53° 38' S, 38° 7' W Click for more
641952 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-11 22:47Z 53° 38' S, 38° 12' W Click for more
641964 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-11 23:41Z 53° 38' S, 38° 16' W Click for more
641976 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-12 00:59Z 53° 38' S, 38° 21' W Click for more
641988 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-12 02:07Z 53° 38' S, 38° 25' W Click for more
642003 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-12 03:28Z 53° 38' S, 38° 30' W Click for more
642015 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-12 04:52Z 53° 40' S, 38° 30' W Click for more
642027 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-12 06:03Z 53° 40' S, 38° 25' W Click for more
642039 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-12 06:57Z 53° 40' S, 38° 20' W Click for more
642040 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-12 07:42Z 53° 40' S, 38° 16' W Click for more
642052 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-12 08:32Z 53° 40' S, 38° 12' W Click for more
642064 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-12 09:19Z 53° 40' S, 38° 7' W Click for more
642076 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-12 10:02Z 53° 43' S, 38° 7' W Click for more
642088 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-12 10:50Z 53° 43' S, 38° 12' W Click for more
642107 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-12 11:43Z 53° 43' S, 38° 16' W Click for more
642119 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-12 12:28Z 53° 43' S, 38° 21' W Click for more
642120 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-12 13:09Z 53° 43' S, 38° 25' W Click for more
642132 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-12 13:50Z 53° 43' S, 38° 30' W Click for more
642144 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-12 14:41Z 53° 46' S, 38° 30' W Click for more
642156 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-12 15:32Z 53° 46' S, 38° 25' W Click for more
642168 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-12 16:25Z 53° 46' S, 38° 20' W Click for more
642181 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-12 17:14Z 53° 46' S, 38° 16' W Click for more
642193 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-12 18:04Z 53° 46' S, 38° 11' W Click for more
642200 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-12 18:48Z 53° 46' S, 38° 7' W Click for more
642212 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-12 19:35Z 53° 48' S, 38° 7' W Click for more
642224 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-12 20:22Z 53° 48' S, 38° 12' W Click for more
642236 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-13 03:17Z 53° 51' S, 38° 34' W Click for more
642248 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-13 03:58Z 53° 48' S, 38° 34' W Click for more
642261 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-13 04:40Z 53° 45' S, 38° 34' W Click for more
642273 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-13 05:21Z 53° 43' S, 38° 34' W Click for more
642285 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-13 06:08Z 53° 40' S, 38° 34' W Click for more
642297 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-13 07:36Z 53° 38' S, 38° 34' W Click for more
642304 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-13 09:08Z 53° 36' S, 38° 34' W Click for more
642316 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-13 11:03Z 53° 33' S, 38° 34' W Click for more
642328 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-13 13:00Z 53° 31' S, 38° 34' W Click for more
642341 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-13 16:21Z 53° 31' S, 38° 3' W Click for more
642353 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-13 18:05Z 53° 33' S, 38° 3' W Click for more
642365 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-13 19:34Z 53° 36' S, 38° 3' W Click for more
642377 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-13 20:32Z 53° 38' S, 38° 3' W Click for more
642389 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-13 21:08Z 53° 40' S, 38° 3' W Click for more
642390 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-13 21:42Z 53° 43' S, 38° 3' W Click for more
642408 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-13 22:18Z 53° 46' S, 38° 3' W Click for more
642421 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-13 22:57Z 53° 48' S, 38° 3' W Click for more
642433 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-13 23:44Z 53° 51' S, 38° 3' W Click for more
642445 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-14 00:25Z 53° 53' S, 38° 3' W Click for more
642457 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-14 01:05Z 53° 55' S, 38° 3' W Click for more
642469 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-14 15:13Z 53° 43' S, 38° 14' W Click for more
642470 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-16 15:31Z 53° 43' S, 38° 15' W Click for more
642482 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-17 14:25Z 53° 43' S, 38° 15' W Click for more
642494 CTD/STD cast 1994-01-31 19:10Z 53° 32' S, 41° 50' W Click for more
642501 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-02 03:45Z 53° 36' S, 38° 54' W Click for more
642513 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-02 07:35Z 53° 19' S, 39° 9' W Click for more
642525 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-02 11:23Z 53° 2' S, 39° 24' W Click for more
642537 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-02 15:29Z 52° 45' S, 39° 38' W Click for more
642549 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-02 19:21Z 52° 28' S, 39° 54' W Click for more
642550 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-02 23:12Z 52° 10' S, 40° 9' W Click for more
642562 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-03 04:35Z 51° 54' S, 40° 22' W Click for more
642574 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-03 08:30Z 51° 36' S, 40° 36' W Click for more
642586 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-03 14:06Z 51° 19' S, 40° 49' W Click for more
642598 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-03 19:00Z 51° 3' S, 41° 3' W Click for more
642605 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-03 23:18Z 50° 45' S, 41° 18' W Click for more
642617 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-04 03:59Z 50° 28' S, 41° 31' W Click for more
642629 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-04 07:32Z 50° 12' S, 41° 46' W Click for more
642630 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-04 11:36Z 50° 0' S, 42° 0' W Click for more
642642 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-07 06:44Z 49° 48' S, 37° 27' W Click for more
642654 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-08 16:57Z 49° 48' S, 37° 27' W Click for more
642666 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-08 18:19Z 49° 48' S, 37° 28' W Click for more
642678 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-09 16:20Z 49° 48' S, 37° 25' W Click for more
642691 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-10 21:00Z 49° 48' S, 37° 27' W Click for more
642709 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-11 19:02Z 49° 48' S, 37° 27' W Click for more
642710 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-13 09:17Z 49° 42' S, 37° 40' W Click for more
642722 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-13 13:25Z 49° 45' S, 37° 33' W Click for more
642734 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-13 16:30Z 49° 48' S, 37° 27' W Click for more
642746 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-13 20:25Z 49° 51' S, 37° 20' W Click for more
642758 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-13 22:25Z 49° 54' S, 37° 13' W Click for more
642771 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-14 00:46Z 49° 57' S, 37° 6' W Click for more
642783 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-14 02:50Z 50° 0' S, 37° 0' W Click for more
642795 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-14 06:59Z 50° 3' S, 36° 52' W Click for more
642802 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-14 10:07Z 50° 7' S, 36° 46' W Click for more
642814 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-14 13:08Z 50° 10' S, 36° 39' W Click for more
642826 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-14 19:45Z 49° 27' S, 36° 25' W Click for more
642838 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-15 04:07Z 49° 31' S, 36° 21' W Click for more
642851 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-15 06:14Z 49° 36' S, 36° 16' W Click for more
642863 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-15 09:47Z 49° 40' S, 36° 12' W Click for more
642875 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-15 12:49Z 49° 45' S, 36° 8' W Click for more
642887 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-15 15:43Z 49° 49' S, 36° 3' W Click for more
642899 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-15 17:39Z 49° 54' S, 35° 58' W Click for more
642906 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-15 19:39Z 49° 59' S, 35° 54' W Click for more
642918 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-15 21:20Z 50° 3' S, 35° 49' W Click for more
642931 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-15 23:01Z 50° 8' S, 35° 45' W Click for more
642943 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-16 01:15Z 50° 13' S, 35° 40' W Click for more
642955 CTD/STD cast 1994-02-20 23:45Z 54° 15' S, 35° 16' W Click for more

Project Database

# Events Gear Type Parameters Held
16 CTD frame plus rosette sampler Nitrite concentration parameters in the water column
Phosphate concentration parameters in the water column
Silicate concentration parameters in the water column
Ammonium and ammonia concentration parameters in water bodies
Nitrate concentration parameters in the water column

Note: Parameter terms are taken from the BODC Parameter Discovery Vocabulary XML (SKOS)

References

Track Charts

Track Chart

Track Chart

Reports

Cruise Report