BODC Cruise Metadata Report for RRS James Clark Ross (74JC) cruise JR20081003 (AMT18, JR218)
Introduction
This report collates information from the BODC cruise inventory and oceanographic databases. It presents
- Cruise Inventory Information
- A summary of BODC data holdings for the cruise from the
- References - including cruise tracks and cruise reports
Cruise Inventory Information
Long name | RRS James Clark Ross (74JC) cruise JR20081003 (AMT18, JR218) |
---|---|
Short name | JR20081003 (AMT18, JR218) |
Objectives and Narrative |
AMT (2007-2012) will include five transects between the UK and the Falkland Islands collecting core hydrographic, chemical, ecological and optical data. Many of these measurements will be made in underway mode (either via towed instruments or those connected to a non-toxic surface seawater supply onboard) with minimum personnel intervention. However depth profiles of CTD+water samples will also be taken at daily pre-dawn and mid-morning stations to a maximum of 1000m.
The physical environment will be characterised using vessel mounted ADCP and towed undulating profiler (MVP or SeaSoar) data (McDonagh et al., 2006). Boundaries between upper ocean water masses, edges of eddies and unstable fronts, will be determined by the position of current jets and compared with near real-time satellite images and upper ocean density sections. The depth distribution of inorganic nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate and silicate) will be measured using standard auto-analytical and sensor techniques (Woodward et al., 1999; Johnson & Coletti, 2002) in order to determine the depth of the nitracline and its impact on plankton production (Maranon et al., 2000). The distribution of other limiting nutrients (e.g. iron) and their atmospheric deposition pathways would be ideal subjects for SOFI collaboration. We will deploy a novel suite of optical- and video-based in-line instruments capable of characterising the whole phyto- and zooplanktonic size range from 1?m to 10mm diameter (FlowCam + LiZa). This suite will produce continuous real-time size-distributed biomass data on organisms classified by functional group. Phytoplanton community abundance and composition will be determined from high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of pigments (Mantoura and Llewellyn 1983, Barlow et al. 1997) and the matrix factorisation software CHEMTAX (Mackey et al. 1996). The UV photoprotecting compounds, mycosporine-like amino |
Ship | RRS James Clark Ross |
Departure Port | Immingham, United Kingdom |
Departure Date | 2008-10-03 |
Arrival Port | Stanley, Falkland Islands (Malvinas) |
Arrival Date | 2008-11-10 |
Principal Scientist(s) | E Malcolm S Woodward (Plymouth Marine Laboratory) |
Responsible Organisation | Plymouth Marine Laboratory |
Associated Project(s) | Atlantic Meridional Transect |
IHB Sea Areas Visited | North Atlantic Ocean, South Atlantic Ocean |
Marsden Squares Visited | 112/145/146/147/3/302/338/374/4/40/410/411/447/448/449/485/76/77 |
Work Area Description | North Atlantic Ocean, South Atlantic Ocean |
Unable to lookup cruise bounds at this time | |
Work Area Bounding Polygon | |
Southern Limit | unknown |
Northern Limit | unknown |
Western Limit | unknown |
Eastern Limit | unknown |
Cruise Inventory Datasets
Physical oceanography | |
---|---|
CTD stations |
Quantity:
number of stations =
102
Description: CTD station data, hydrography, Light, fluorescence, Oxygen, etc |
Current profiler (eg ADCP) |
Quantity:
number of stations =
5
Description: Lowered ADCP |
Current profiler (eg ADCP) |
Quantity:
activity duration in days =
36
Description: ADCP current data for whole cruise duration. Navigation data, GPs, Ashtec, gyro, Best Nav. Underway salinity measurements. CTD station salinity calibration samples. |
Optics (eg underwater light levels) |
Quantity:
number of stations =
30
Description: WP-2 net, vertical haul. 0-175m. bongo net single cast stns 1-6. double cast stations 7-30, taken pre-dawn every day. Optical profiling rig: FRRF, Ac-9, BB6, PAR, UV, CTD. Vertical profile 1-180m at or near local solar noon. |
Other physical oceanographic measurements |
Quantity:
track kilometres =
5300
Description: 22 Moving Vessel Profiler tows, CTD, fluorescence, O2. |
Other physical oceanographic measurements |
Quantity:
activity duration in days =
36
Description: ADCP current data for whole cruise duration. Navigation data, GPs, Ashtec, gyro, Best Nav. Underway salinity measurements. CTD station salinity calibration samples. |
Subsurface temperature and salinity measurements |
Quantity:
activity duration in days =
36
Description: Ocean logger underway data, T, S. |
Chemical oceanography | |
Ammonia |
Quantity:
number of stations =
17
Description: Phiotochemical ammoniafication Experiments |
Isotopes |
Quantity:
number of measurements =
31
Description: Filters for d13C analysis and DIC analysis |
Nitrate |
Quantity:
number of profiles =
60
Description: CTD. Water taken for nutrient analysis for most sampled depths. |
Nitrite |
Quantity:
number of profiles =
60
Description: CTD. Water taken for nutrient analysis for most sampled depths. |
Other chemical oceanographic measurements |
Quantity:
number of measurements =
31
Description: Filters for d13C analysis and DIC analysis |
Other chemical oceanographic measurements |
Quantity:
activity duration in days =
36
Description: Continuous sampling for temperature, salinity, fluorescence, backscatter and acid labile backscatter. Run 24hours a day. Total radiance, Sky radiance during daylight hours. |
Other chemical oceanographic measurements |
Quantity:
number of measurements =
100
Description: Filter for Biogenic silica, particulate Organic Carbon, Particulate organic carbon, microscopic examination of cells and liths |
Other chemical oceanographic measurements |
Quantity:
number of profiles =
62
Description: Filter for Biogenic silica, particulate Organic Carbon, Particulate organic carbon, microscopic examination of cells and liths |
Other chemical oceanographic measurements |
Quantity:
number of measurements =
250
Description: Excitation/emission fluorescence scans (EEM's). Discrete samples |
Other chemical oceanographic measurements |
Quantity:
number of samples =
255
Description: DOC/TDN samples. Discrete |
Oxygen |
Quantity:
number of stations =
27
Description: Plankton Oxygen Production/Respiration |
Oxygen |
Quantity:
number of stations =
17
Description: Photochemical oxygen consumption experiments |
Oxygen |
Quantity:
number of profiles =
90
Description: Oxygen from CTD for sensor calibration |
Phosphate |
Quantity:
number of profiles =
60
Description: CTD. Water taken for nutrient analysis for most sampled depths. |
Silicate |
Quantity:
number of profiles =
60
Description: CTD. Water taken for nutrient analysis for most sampled depths. |
Biology and fisheries | |
Other biological/fisheries measurement |
Quantity:
number of profiles =
32
Description: Concentration of bacterial and eukaryotic cells on filters for molecular indentification by FISH + clone libraries. Bioassays to determine ambient concentration of leucine, methionine and phosphate (phosphate only in northern atlantic gyre) |
Other biological/fisheries measurement |
Quantity:
number of stations =
10
Description: Gazing experiments using radio-labelled methionine and leucine (bacterioplankton) |
Pelagic bacteria/micro-organisms |
Quantity:
number of profiles =
70
Description: Pre-dawn and noon CTD samples analysed by flow cytometer for picoplankton |
Pelagic bacteria/micro-organisms |
Quantity:
number of measurements =
1580
Description: Non-toxic samples analysed by flow cytometer for picoplankton/bacteria. |
Pelagic bacteria/micro-organisms |
Quantity:
number of profiles =
3
Description: CTD. Water from DCM taken for analysis of proportion of infected by phage:0.2+0.02µm filtered. |
Pelagic bacteria/micro-organisms |
Quantity:
number of samples =
93
Description: Sterivex seawater samples for bulk DNA |
Pelagic bacteria/micro-organisms |
Quantity:
number of measurements =
101
Description: Seawater filters for COD-FISH analysis. |
Pelagic bacteria/micro-organisms |
Quantity:
number of profiles =
15
Description: Samples to assess synecoccus and prochlorococcus using FISH |
Phytoplankton |
Quantity:
number of measurements =
1000
Description: Filters for SEM/LM analysis: coccolithophore abundance counts and assemblage counts |
Phytoplankton |
Quantity:
number of measurements =
1580
Description: Non-toxic samples analysed by flow cytometer for picoplankton/bacteria. |
Phytoplankton |
Quantity:
number of stations =
60
Description: Pico and Nanophytoplankton quantification from predawn and solar noon CTDs. All depths, surface to 200m, analysed by flow cytometry |
Phytoplankton |
Quantity:
number of profiles =
70
Description: Pre-dawn and noon CTD samples analysed by flow cytometer for picoplankton |
Phytoplankton |
Quantity:
number of profiles =
30
Description: 10l samples from 6 light depths for DNA Dot blots, analysis for picoeukaryotic diversity+synechococcus+prochlorococcus. Filterd for fluorescent in situ hybridisation of picoeukaryotes, suface +1% light depth. Surface +1% light deopth water, concentrated and enriched for cultures |
Phytoplankton |
Quantity:
number of profiles =
23
Description: Cell trap samples of phytoplankton for elemental composition analysis by X-ray TEM and ICP-MS |
Phytoplankton |
Quantity:
number of profiles =
10
Description: Cell traps from 2 surface +DCM for metagenomic and Transcriptomic analysis of synecoccus and prochlorococcus +picoeurokaryotes |
Phytoplankton pigs (eg chlorophyll, fluorescence) |
Quantity:
number of stations =
102
Description: FRRF - lowered measurements |
Phytoplankton pigs (eg chlorophyll, fluorescence) |
Quantity:
number of samples =
90
Description: Underway chlorophyll samples to calibrate underway TSG and MVP, 3 per day |
Phytoplankton pigs (eg chlorophyll, fluorescence) |
Quantity:
activity duration in days =
36
Description: FRRF-underway measurements |
Phytoplankton pigs (eg chlorophyll, fluorescence) |
Quantity:
number of stations =
30
Description: HPLC pigment samples, 6 depths, pre-dawn + Surface only, solar noon CTD. |
Zooplankton |
Quantity:
number of samples =
30
Description: Specimens picked from zooplankton net hauls.predominately pteropods for molecular genetic anlaysis (~1000 specimens), also ostracods and planktonic foraminifera. |
Zooplankton |
Quantity:
number of stations =
30
Description: WP-2 net, vertical haul. 0-175m. bongo net single cast stns 1-6. double cast stations 7-30, taken pre-dawn every day. Optical profiling rig: FRRF, Ac-9, BB6, PAR, UV, CTD. Vertical profile 1-180m at or near local solar noon. |
Meteorology | |
Other meteorological measurements |
Quantity:
activity duration in days =
36
Description: Continuous sampling for temperature, salinity, fluorescence, backscatter and acid labile backscatter. Run 24hours a day. Total radiance, Sky radiance during daylight hours. |
Other meteorological measurements |
Quantity:
number of stations =
62
Description: Sun photometer readings - as and when the sun was completely unobscured |
Cruise Inventory Mooring/Buoy Operations
Latitude | Longitude | Data type | Description |
---|---|---|---|
29° 37' S | 26° 57' W | Neutrally buoyant floats | 1/11/08 @ 1244 Argo float number 3912 |
32° 10' S | 29° 49' W | Neutrally buoyant floats | 2/11/08 @ 1531 Argo float number 3911 |
23° 59' S | 25° 0' W | Neutrally buoyant floats | 30/10/08 @ 1409 Argo float number 3909 |
26° 33' S | 25° 0' W | Neutrally buoyant floats | 31/10/08 @ 1353 Argo float number 3910 |
41° 28' S | 42° 8' W | Neutrally buoyant floats | 6/11/08 @ 1 28 Argo float number 3854 |
29° 37' S | 26° 57' W | Surface drifters/drifting buoys | 1/11/08 @ 1246. float number 30003401250450 |
32° 10' S | 29° 49' W | Surface drifters/drifting buoys | 2/11/08 @ 1533. float number 300034012541450 |
23° 58' S | 25° 0' W | Surface drifters/drifting buoys | 30/10/08 @ 1357. float number 300034012727390 |
26° 33' S | 24° 59' W | Surface drifters/drifting buoys | 31/10/08 @ 1355. float number 300034012721390 |
38° 45' S | 38° 27' W | Surface drifters/drifting buoys | 5/11/08 @ 1326. float number 300034012542840 |
41° 30' S | 42° 8' W | Surface drifters/drifting buoys | 6/11/08 @ 1331. float number 300034012543440 |
43° 57' S | 45° 38' W | Surface drifters/drifting buoys | 711/08 @ 133loat number 300034012548440 |
Summary of BODC Data Holdings for the Cruise
National Oceanographic Database
Summary
# Series | Instrument Description | Parameters |
---|---|---|
2 | Bathythermograph (MBT/XBT) |
Reference numbers Sound velocity and travel time in the water column Temperature of the water column Vertical spatial coordinates |
7 | Bottle station |
Ammonium and ammonia concentration parameters in water bodies Nitrate concentration parameters in the water column Nitrite concentration parameters in the water column Phosphate concentration parameters in the water column Quality control flags Reference numbers Silicate concentration parameters in the water column Vertical spatial coordinates |
53 | Bottle station |
Nitrate concentration parameters in the water column Nitrite concentration parameters in the water column Phosphate concentration parameters in the water column Quality control flags Reference numbers Silicate concentration parameters in the water column Vertical spatial coordinates |
1 | Bottle station |
Nitrate concentration parameters in the water column Nitrite concentration parameters in the water column Quality control flags Reference numbers Silicate concentration parameters in the water column Vertical spatial coordinates |
54 | Bottle station |
Carotenoid and flavenoid pigment concentrations in water bodies Chlorophyll pigment concentrations in water bodies Quality control flags Reference numbers Vertical spatial coordinates |
100 | CTD/STD cast |
Chlorophyll pigment concentrations in water bodies Density of the water column Dissolved oxygen parameters in the water column Salinity of the water column Temperature of the water column Transmittance and attenuance of the water column Vertical spatial coordinates Visible waveband radiance and irradiance measurements in the water column |
24 | Fluorometers |
Reference numbers Variable fluorescence parameters Vertical spatial coordinates |
1 | Meteorological data logger |
Air pressure Air temperature Atmospheric humidity Date and time Horizontal spatial co-ordinates Solar Radiation Visible waveband radiance and irradiance measurements in the atmosphere Wind strength and direction |
1 | Multi-beam echosounder |
Bathymetry and Elevation Date and time Horizontal platform movement Horizontal spatial co-ordinates Platform or instrument orientation |
1 | Multiple instrument types |
Chlorophyll pigment concentrations in water bodies Date and time Electrical conductivity of the water column Horizontal spatial co-ordinates Metadata parameters Salinity of the water column Sound velocity and travel time in the water column Temperature of the water column |
1 | radiometers |
Date and time Horizontal spatial co-ordinates Metadata parameters Ocean colour and earth-leaving visible waveband spectral radiation Platform or instrument orientation Reference numbers Visible waveband radiance and irradiance measurements in the atmosphere |
26 | radiometers |
Light absorption in the water column Metadata parameters Reference numbers Salinity of the water column Temperature of the water column Transmittance and attenuance of the water column Vertical spatial coordinates Visible waveband radiance and irradiance measurements in the water column |
Note: Parameter terms are taken from the BODC Parameter Discovery Vocabulary XML (SKOS)
Full List
BODC Reference | Instrument Description | Date/Time | Location | |
---|---|---|---|---|
775986 | Bathythermograph (MBT/XBT) | 2008-10-08 16:41Z | 45° 6' N, 20° 5' W | Click for more |
775998 | Bathythermograph (MBT/XBT) | 2008-10-09 17:28Z | 40° 43' N, 23° 48' W | Click for more |
1060535 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-18 14:22Z | 16° 48' N, 36° 12' W | Click for more |
1060547 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-19 05:24Z | 14° 55' N, 34° 55' W | Click for more |
1060559 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-19 06:44Z | 14° 55' N, 34° 55' W | Click for more |
1060560 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-19 13:41Z | 14° 5' N, 34° 21' W | Click for more |
1060572 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-20 05:25Z | 11° 49' N, 32° 49' W | Click for more |
1060584 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-20 06:54Z | 11° 49' N, 32° 49' W | Click for more |
1060596 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-20 13:41Z | 10° 53' N, 32° 12' W | Click for more |
1060603 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-21 05:22Z | 8° 38' N, 30° 42' W | Click for more |
1060615 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-21 06:33Z | 8° 38' N, 30° 42' W | Click for more |
1060627 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-21 13:38Z | 7° 39' N, 30° 3' W | Click for more |
1060639 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-22 05:23Z | 5° 20' N, 28° 31' W | Click for more |
1060640 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-22 06:38Z | 5° 20' N, 28° 31' W | Click for more |
1060652 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-22 08:30Z | 5° 20' N, 28° 31' W | Click for more |
1060664 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-22 10:32Z | 5° 20' N, 28° 31' W | Click for more |
1060676 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-04 13:37Z | 50° 24' N, 1° 30' W | Click for more |
1060688 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-06 04:59Z | 49° 28' N, 9° 51' W | Click for more |
1060707 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-06 06:20Z | 49° 28' N, 9° 51' W | Click for more |
1060719 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-06 13:11Z | 49° 21' N, 11° 31' W | Click for more |
1060720 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-07 04:30Z | 49° 9' N, 14° 39' W | Click for more |
1060732 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-07 06:01Z | 49° 9' N, 14° 39' W | Click for more |
1060744 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-07 12:52Z | 48° 52' N, 16° 11' W | Click for more |
1060756 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-08 04:31Z | 46° 35' N, 18° 42' W | Click for more |
1060768 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-08 05:57Z | 46° 35' N, 18° 42' W | Click for more |
1060781 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-08 12:47Z | 45° 40' N, 19° 34' W | Click for more |
1060793 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-09 05:25Z | 42° 40' N, 22° 12' W | Click for more |
1060800 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-09 06:43Z | 42° 40' N, 22° 12' W | Click for more |
1060812 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-10 05:22Z | 38° 52' N, 25° 19' W | Click for more |
1060824 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-10 06:52Z | 38° 52' N, 25° 19' W | Click for more |
1060836 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-11 05:29Z | 36° 0' N, 27° 44' W | Click for more |
1060848 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-11 06:55Z | 36° 0' N, 27° 44' W | Click for more |
1060861 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-11 13:43Z | 35° 18' N, 28° 28' W | Click for more |
1060873 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-12 05:27Z | 33° 18' N, 30° 48' W | Click for more |
1060885 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-12 06:47Z | 33° 18' N, 30° 48' W | Click for more |
1060897 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-12 13:45Z | 32° 29' N, 31° 42' W | Click for more |
1060904 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-22 13:47Z | 5° 8' N, 28° 23' W | Click for more |
1060916 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-23 05:20Z | 2° 47' N, 26° 51' W | Click for more |
1060928 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-23 06:36Z | 2° 47' N, 26° 51' W | Click for more |
1060941 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-23 13:39Z | 1° 49' N, 26° 13' W | Click for more |
1060953 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-24 05:22Z | 0° 34' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1060965 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-24 06:37Z | 0° 34' S, 24° 59' W | Click for more |
1060977 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-24 13:12Z | 1° 37' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1060989 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-25 13:54Z | 6° 3' S, 24° 58' W | Click for more |
1060990 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-26 05:21Z | 8° 49' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1061004 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-26 06:36Z | 8° 49' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1061016 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-26 13:35Z | 9° 58' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1061028 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-27 05:21Z | 12° 50' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1061041 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-27 06:37Z | 12° 50' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1061053 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-27 13:38Z | 13° 59' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1061065 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-27 20:06Z | 14° 59' S, 24° 59' W | Click for more |
1061077 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-28 05:21Z | 16° 38' S, 24° 59' W | Click for more |
1061089 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-28 06:38Z | 16° 38' S, 24° 59' W | Click for more |
1061090 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-28 08:25Z | 16° 38' S, 24° 59' W | Click for more |
1061108 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-28 13:40Z | 16° 52' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1061121 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-28 20:05Z | 17° 51' S, 24° 59' W | Click for more |
1061133 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-29 05:20Z | 19° 7' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1061145 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-29 06:37Z | 19° 7' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1061157 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-29 13:40Z | 20° 16' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1061169 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-29 20:07Z | 21° 6' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1061170 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-30 05:29Z | 22° 47' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1061182 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-30 06:43Z | 22° 47' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1061194 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-30 13:39Z | 23° 55' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1061201 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-30 20:05Z | 24° 52' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1061213 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-31 05:20Z | 26° 33' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1061225 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-31 08:34Z | 26° 33' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1061237 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-31 14:05Z | 26° 33' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1061249 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-11-01 05:21Z | 28° 52' S, 26° 2' W | Click for more |
1061250 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-11-01 06:35Z | 28° 52' S, 26° 2' W | Click for more |
1061262 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-11-02 14:50Z | 32° 10' S, 29° 49' W | Click for more |
1061274 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-11-02 16:22Z | 32° 10' S, 29° 49' W | Click for more |
1061286 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-11-03 06:28Z | 33° 46' S, 32° 0' W | Click for more |
1061298 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-11-03 07:44Z | 33° 46' S, 32° 0' W | Click for more |
1061305 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-11-03 14:50Z | 34° 33' S, 32° 58' W | Click for more |
1061317 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-11-04 06:42Z | 36° 10' S, 35° 3' W | Click for more |
1061329 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-11-04 14:40Z | 36° 10' S, 35° 3' W | Click for more |
1061330 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-11-05 05:24Z | 37° 58' S, 37° 24' W | Click for more |
1061342 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-11-05 06:43Z | 37° 57' S, 37° 24' W | Click for more |
1061354 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-11-05 14:31Z | 38° 45' S, 38° 27' W | Click for more |
1061366 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-11-06 14:31Z | 41° 28' S, 42° 8' W | Click for more |
1061378 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-11-07 05:26Z | 43° 13' S, 44° 36' W | Click for more |
1061391 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-11-07 06:45Z | 43° 13' S, 44° 36' W | Click for more |
1061409 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-11-07 14:24Z | 43° 57' S, 45° 39' W | Click for more |
1061410 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-13 05:24Z | 30° 28' N, 33° 57' W | Click for more |
1061422 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-13 06:47Z | 30° 28' N, 33° 57' W | Click for more |
1061434 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-13 13:36Z | 29° 40' N, 34° 49' W | Click for more |
1061446 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-14 05:25Z | 27° 37' N, 37° 1' W | Click for more |
1061458 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-14 06:41Z | 27° 37' N, 37° 1' W | Click for more |
1061471 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-14 13:36Z | 26° 48' N, 37° 54' W | Click for more |
1061483 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-15 05:25Z | 24° 44' N, 40° 5' W | Click for more |
1061495 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-15 06:43Z | 24° 44' N, 40° 5' W | Click for more |
1061502 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-15 09:04Z | 24° 44' N, 40° 5' W | Click for more |
1061514 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-15 14:16Z | 24° 44' N, 40° 4' W | Click for more |
1061526 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-16 05:25Z | 22° 36' N, 40° 16' W | Click for more |
1061538 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-16 06:44Z | 22° 36' N, 40° 16' W | Click for more |
1061551 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-16 13:39Z | 21° 40' N, 39° 36' W | Click for more |
1061563 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-17 05:25Z | 19° 43' N, 38° 13' W | Click for more |
1061575 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-17 06:42Z | 19° 43' N, 38° 13' W | Click for more |
1061587 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-17 13:37Z | 18° 47' N, 37° 34' W | Click for more |
1061599 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-18 05:24Z | 16° 48' N, 36° 12' W | Click for more |
1061606 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-18 06:47Z | 16° 48' N, 36° 12' W | Click for more |
1061618 | CTD/STD cast | 2008-10-18 08:46Z | 16° 48' N, 36° 12' W | Click for more |
1091153 | Bottle station | 2008-11-04 05:25Z | 36° 10' S, 35° 3' W | Click for more |
1091165 | Bottle station | 2008-10-29 14:01Z | 20° 16' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1091177 | Bottle station | 2008-10-30 14:00Z | 23° 55' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1091189 | Bottle station | 2008-11-01 05:39Z | 28° 52' S, 26° 2' W | Click for more |
1091190 | Bottle station | 2008-11-02 15:12Z | 32° 10' S, 29° 49' W | Click for more |
1091208 | Bottle station | 2008-11-03 06:45Z | 33° 46' S, 32° 0' W | Click for more |
1091221 | Bottle station | 2008-11-03 15:12Z | 34° 33' S, 32° 58' W | Click for more |
1091233 | Bottle station | 2008-11-05 05:40Z | 37° 58' S, 37° 24' W | Click for more |
1091245 | Bottle station | 2008-11-05 14:52Z | 38° 45' S, 38° 27' W | Click for more |
1091257 | Bottle station | 2008-11-06 14:55Z | 41° 28' S, 42° 8' W | Click for more |
1091269 | Bottle station | 2008-11-07 14:45Z | 43° 57' S, 45° 39' W | Click for more |
1091270 | Bottle station | 2008-10-13 05:43Z | 30° 28' N, 33° 57' W | Click for more |
1091282 | Bottle station | 2008-10-13 14:00Z | 29° 40' N, 34° 49' W | Click for more |
1091294 | Bottle station | 2008-10-14 05:26Z | 27° 37' N, 37° 1' W | Click for more |
1091301 | Bottle station | 2008-10-14 13:58Z | 26° 48' N, 37° 54' W | Click for more |
1091313 | Bottle station | 2008-10-15 05:43Z | 24° 44' N, 40° 5' W | Click for more |
1091325 | Bottle station | 2008-10-15 10:57Z | 24° 44' N, 40° 5' W | Click for more |
1091337 | Bottle station | 2008-10-16 05:43Z | 22° 36' N, 40° 16' W | Click for more |
1091349 | Bottle station | 2008-10-16 13:57Z | 21° 40' N, 39° 36' W | Click for more |
1091350 | Bottle station | 2008-10-17 05:53Z | 19° 43' N, 38° 13' W | Click for more |
1091362 | Bottle station | 2008-10-17 13:58Z | 18° 47' N, 37° 34' W | Click for more |
1091374 | Bottle station | 2008-10-18 05:29Z | 16° 48' N, 36° 12' W | Click for more |
1091386 | Bottle station | 2008-10-18 09:47Z | 16° 48' N, 36° 12' W | Click for more |
1091398 | Bottle station | 2008-10-30 05:47Z | 22° 47' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1091405 | Bottle station | 2008-10-31 05:39Z | 26° 33' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1091417 | Bottle station | 2008-10-31 10:39Z | 26° 33' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1091429 | Bottle station | 2008-11-04 15:02Z | 36° 10' S, 35° 3' W | Click for more |
1091430 | Bottle station | 2008-10-26 05:42Z | 8° 49' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1091442 | Bottle station | 2008-10-26 13:55Z | 9° 58' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1091454 | Bottle station | 2008-10-27 05:39Z | 12° 50' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1091466 | Bottle station | 2008-10-27 13:59Z | 13° 59' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1091478 | Bottle station | 2008-10-28 05:40Z | 16° 38' S, 24° 59' W | Click for more |
1091491 | Bottle station | 2008-10-28 10:10Z | 16° 38' S, 24° 59' W | Click for more |
1091509 | Bottle station | 2008-10-29 05:39Z | 19° 7' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1091510 | Bottle station | 2008-11-07 05:43Z | 43° 13' S, 44° 36' W | Click for more |
1091522 | Bottle station | 2008-10-19 05:49Z | 14° 55' N, 34° 55' W | Click for more |
1091534 | Bottle station | 2008-10-19 13:59Z | 14° 5' N, 34° 21' W | Click for more |
1091546 | Bottle station | 2008-10-20 05:48Z | 11° 49' N, 32° 49' W | Click for more |
1091558 | Bottle station | 2008-10-20 13:59Z | 10° 53' N, 32° 12' W | Click for more |
1091571 | Bottle station | 2008-10-21 05:43Z | 8° 38' N, 30° 42' W | Click for more |
1091583 | Bottle station | 2008-10-21 13:57Z | 7° 39' N, 30° 3' W | Click for more |
1091595 | Bottle station | 2008-10-22 05:28Z | 5° 20' N, 28° 31' W | Click for more |
1091602 | Bottle station | 2008-10-22 08:52Z | 5° 20' N, 28° 31' W | Click for more |
1091614 | Bottle station | 2008-10-06 05:16Z | 49° 28' N, 9° 51' W | Click for more |
1091626 | Bottle station | 2008-10-06 13:34Z | 49° 21' N, 11° 31' W | Click for more |
1091638 | Bottle station | 2008-10-07 04:49Z | 49° 9' N, 14° 39' W | Click for more |
1091651 | Bottle station | 2008-10-07 13:16Z | 48° 52' N, 16° 11' W | Click for more |
1091663 | Bottle station | 2008-10-08 04:51Z | 46° 35' N, 18° 42' W | Click for more |
1091675 | Bottle station | 2008-10-08 12:36Z | 45° 40' N, 19° 34' W | Click for more |
1091687 | Bottle station | 2008-10-09 05:42Z | 42° 40' N, 22° 11' W | Click for more |
1091699 | Bottle station | 2008-10-10 05:40Z | 38° 52' N, 25° 19' W | Click for more |
1091706 | Bottle station | 2008-10-11 05:47Z | 36° 0' N, 27° 44' W | Click for more |
1091718 | Bottle station | 2008-10-11 14:02Z | 35° 18' N, 28° 28' W | Click for more |
1091731 | Bottle station | 2008-10-12 05:44Z | 33° 18' N, 30° 48' W | Click for more |
1091743 | Bottle station | 2008-10-12 14:05Z | 32° 29' N, 31° 42' W | Click for more |
1091755 | Bottle station | 2008-10-22 14:06Z | 5° 8' N, 28° 23' W | Click for more |
1091767 | Bottle station | 2008-10-23 05:42Z | 2° 47' N, 26° 51' W | Click for more |
1091779 | Bottle station | 2008-10-23 14:00Z | 1° 49' N, 26° 13' W | Click for more |
1091780 | Bottle station | 2008-10-24 05:44Z | 0° 34' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1091792 | Bottle station | 2008-10-24 13:30Z | 1° 37' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1091811 | Bottle station | 2008-10-25 14:12Z | 6° 3' S, 24° 58' W | Click for more |
1097093 | radiometers | 2008-10-04 11:01:45Z to 2008-11-08 12:04:20Z | From 50° 19' N, 1° 0' W to 46° 33' S, 49° 18' W | Click for more |
1104097 | radiometers | 2008-10-08 13:47Z to 2008-10-08 14:11Z | 45° 39' N, 19° 35' W | Click for more |
1104104 | radiometers | 2008-10-11 13:51Z to 2008-10-11 14:14Z | 35° 18' N, 28° 28' W | Click for more |
1104116 | radiometers | 2008-10-15 14:23Z to 2008-10-15 14:47Z | 24° 44' N, 40° 4' W | Click for more |
1104128 | radiometers | 2008-10-16 13:45Z to 2008-10-16 14:09Z | 21° 40' N, 39° 36' W | Click for more |
1104141 | radiometers | 2008-10-17 13:44Z to 2008-10-17 14:07Z | 18° 47' N, 37° 34' W | Click for more |
1104153 | radiometers | 2008-10-18 14:29Z to 2008-10-18 14:53Z | 16° 48' N, 36° 12' W | Click for more |
1104165 | radiometers | 2008-10-19 13:50Z to 2008-10-19 14:15Z | 14° 5' N, 34° 21' W | Click for more |
1104177 | radiometers | 2008-10-20 14:00Z to 2008-10-20 14:13Z | 10° 53' N, 32° 12' W | Click for more |
1104189 | radiometers | 2008-10-21 13:45Z to 2008-10-21 14:10Z | 7° 39' N, 30° 3' W | Click for more |
1104190 | radiometers | 2008-10-22 13:53Z to 2008-10-22 14:17Z | 5° 8' N, 28° 23' W | Click for more |
1104208 | radiometers | 2008-10-23 13:45Z to 2008-10-23 14:08Z | 1° 49' N, 26° 12' W | Click for more |
1104221 | radiometers | 2008-10-24 13:19Z to 2008-10-24 13:43Z | 1° 37' S, 24° 59' W | Click for more |
1104233 | radiometers | 2008-10-25 14:01Z to 2008-10-25 14:25Z | 6° 3' S, 24° 58' W | Click for more |
1104245 | radiometers | 2008-10-26 13:40Z to 2008-10-26 14:04Z | 9° 58' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1104257 | radiometers | 2008-10-27 13:45Z to 2008-10-27 14:09Z | 13° 59' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1104269 | radiometers | 2008-10-28 13:47Z to 2008-10-28 14:11Z | 16° 52' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1104270 | radiometers | 2008-10-29 13:48Z to 2008-10-29 14:12Z | 20° 16' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1104282 | radiometers | 2008-10-30 13:47Z to 2008-10-30 14:11Z | 23° 55' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1104294 | radiometers | 2008-10-31 14:11Z to 2008-10-31 14:35Z | 26° 33' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1104301 | radiometers | 2008-11-02 14:58Z to 2008-11-02 15:22Z | 32° 10' S, 29° 49' W | Click for more |
1104313 | radiometers | 2008-11-03 14:56Z to 2008-11-03 15:20Z | 34° 33' S, 32° 58' W | Click for more |
1104325 | radiometers | 2008-11-04 14:46Z to 2008-11-04 15:10Z | 36° 10' S, 35° 3' W | Click for more |
1104337 | radiometers | 2008-11-05 14:41Z to 2008-11-05 15:05Z | 38° 45' S, 38° 27' W | Click for more |
1104349 | radiometers | 2008-11-06 14:40Z to 2008-11-06 15:04Z | 41° 28' S, 42° 8' W | Click for more |
1104350 | radiometers | 2008-11-07 14:32Z to 2008-11-07 14:56Z | 43° 57' S, 45° 39' W | Click for more |
1104362 | radiometers | 2008-11-08 14:25Z to 2008-11-08 14:49Z | 46° 53' S, 49° 31' W | Click for more |
1108351 | Fluorometers | 2008-10-12 13:54Z | 32° 29' N, 31° 42' W | Click for more |
1108363 | Fluorometers | 2008-10-13 13:45Z | 29° 40' N, 34° 49' W | Click for more |
1108375 | Fluorometers | 2008-10-14 13:45Z | 26° 48' N, 37° 54' W | Click for more |
1108387 | Fluorometers | 2008-10-15 14:20Z | 24° 44' N, 40° 4' W | Click for more |
1108399 | Fluorometers | 2008-10-16 13:45Z | 21° 40' N, 39° 36' W | Click for more |
1108406 | Fluorometers | 2008-10-18 14:30Z | 16° 48' N, 36° 12' W | Click for more |
1108418 | Fluorometers | 2008-10-20 14:00Z | 10° 53' N, 32° 12' W | Click for more |
1108431 | Fluorometers | 2008-10-21 13:45Z | 7° 39' N, 30° 3' W | Click for more |
1108443 | Fluorometers | 2008-10-22 13:50Z | 5° 8' N, 28° 23' W | Click for more |
1108455 | Fluorometers | 2008-10-23 13:45Z | 1° 49' N, 26° 12' W | Click for more |
1108467 | Fluorometers | 2008-10-24 13:20Z | 1° 37' S, 24° 59' W | Click for more |
1108479 | Fluorometers | 2008-10-25 14:00Z | 6° 3' S, 24° 58' W | Click for more |
1108480 | Fluorometers | 2008-10-26 13:40Z | 9° 58' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1108492 | Fluorometers | 2008-10-27 13:45Z | 13° 59' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1108511 | Fluorometers | 2008-10-28 13:45Z | 16° 52' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1108523 | Fluorometers | 2008-10-29 13:50Z | 20° 16' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1108535 | Fluorometers | 2008-10-30 13:50Z | 23° 55' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1108547 | Fluorometers | 2008-10-31 14:10Z | 26° 33' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1108559 | Fluorometers | 2008-11-02 15:00Z | 32° 10' S, 29° 49' W | Click for more |
1108560 | Fluorometers | 2008-11-03 15:00Z | 34° 33' S, 32° 58' W | Click for more |
1108572 | Fluorometers | 2008-11-04 14:45Z | 36° 10' S, 35° 3' W | Click for more |
1108584 | Fluorometers | 2008-11-05 14:40Z | 38° 45' S, 38° 27' W | Click for more |
1108596 | Fluorometers | 2008-11-07 14:30Z | 43° 57' S, 45° 39' W | Click for more |
1108603 | Fluorometers | 2008-11-08 14:25Z | 46° 53' S, 49° 31' W | Click for more |
1760660 | Multi-beam echosounder | 2008-10-03 09:25Z to 2008-11-09 15:30Z | 49° 10' S to 53° 37' N; 53° 49' W to 0° 11' W | Click for more |
1760672 | Meteorological data logger | 2008-10-03 09:25Z to 2008-11-09 15:30Z | 49° 10' S to 53° 37' N; 53° 49' W to 0° 11' W | Click for more |
1760684 | Multiple instrument types | 2008-10-03 09:25Z to 2008-11-09 15:30Z | 49° 10' S to 53° 37' N; 53° 49' W to 0° 11' W | Click for more |
1892927 | Bottle station | 2008-10-06 13:34Z | 49° 21' N, 11° 31' W | Click for more |
1892939 | Bottle station | 2008-10-07 04:49Z | 49° 9' N, 14° 39' W | Click for more |
1892940 | Bottle station | 2008-10-07 13:16Z | 48° 52' N, 16° 11' W | Click for more |
1892952 | Bottle station | 2008-10-08 04:51Z | 46° 35' N, 18° 42' W | Click for more |
1892964 | Bottle station | 2008-10-09 05:42Z | 42° 40' N, 22° 11' W | Click for more |
1892976 | Bottle station | 2008-10-10 05:40Z | 38° 52' N, 25° 19' W | Click for more |
1892988 | Bottle station | 2008-10-11 05:47Z | 36° 0' N, 27° 44' W | Click for more |
1893003 | Bottle station | 2008-10-11 14:02Z | 35° 18' N, 28° 28' W | Click for more |
1893015 | Bottle station | 2008-10-12 05:44Z | 33° 18' N, 30° 48' W | Click for more |
1893027 | Bottle station | 2008-10-12 14:05Z | 32° 29' N, 31° 42' W | Click for more |
1893039 | Bottle station | 2008-10-13 05:43Z | 30° 28' N, 33° 57' W | Click for more |
1893040 | Bottle station | 2008-10-13 14:00Z | 29° 40' N, 34° 49' W | Click for more |
1893052 | Bottle station | 2008-10-14 05:26Z | 27° 37' N, 37° 1' W | Click for more |
1893064 | Bottle station | 2008-10-15 05:43Z | 24° 44' N, 40° 5' W | Click for more |
1893076 | Bottle station | 2008-10-16 05:43Z | 22° 36' N, 40° 16' W | Click for more |
1893088 | Bottle station | 2008-10-16 13:57Z | 21° 40' N, 39° 36' W | Click for more |
1893107 | Bottle station | 2008-10-17 05:53Z | 19° 43' N, 38° 13' W | Click for more |
1893119 | Bottle station | 2008-10-17 13:58Z | 18° 47' N, 37° 34' W | Click for more |
1893120 | Bottle station | 2008-10-18 05:29Z | 16° 48' N, 36° 12' W | Click for more |
1893132 | Bottle station | 2008-10-18 14:40Z | 16° 48' N, 36° 12' W | Click for more |
1893144 | Bottle station | 2008-10-19 05:49Z | 14° 55' N, 34° 55' W | Click for more |
1893156 | Bottle station | 2008-10-19 13:59Z | 14° 5' N, 34° 21' W | Click for more |
1893168 | Bottle station | 2008-10-20 05:48Z | 11° 49' N, 32° 49' W | Click for more |
1893181 | Bottle station | 2008-10-21 05:43Z | 8° 38' N, 30° 42' W | Click for more |
1893193 | Bottle station | 2008-10-21 13:57Z | 7° 39' N, 30° 3' W | Click for more |
1893200 | Bottle station | 2008-10-22 05:28Z | 5° 20' N, 28° 31' W | Click for more |
1893212 | Bottle station | 2008-10-22 14:06Z | 5° 8' N, 28° 23' W | Click for more |
1893224 | Bottle station | 2008-10-23 05:42Z | 2° 47' N, 26° 51' W | Click for more |
1893236 | Bottle station | 2008-10-23 14:00Z | 1° 49' N, 26° 13' W | Click for more |
1893248 | Bottle station | 2008-10-24 05:44Z | 0° 34' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1893261 | Bottle station | 2008-10-24 13:30Z | 1° 37' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1893273 | Bottle station | 2008-10-25 14:12Z | 6° 3' S, 24° 58' W | Click for more |
1893285 | Bottle station | 2008-10-26 05:42Z | 8° 49' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1893297 | Bottle station | 2008-10-26 13:55Z | 9° 58' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1893304 | Bottle station | 2008-10-27 05:39Z | 12° 50' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1893316 | Bottle station | 2008-10-27 13:59Z | 13° 59' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1893328 | Bottle station | 2008-10-28 05:40Z | 16° 38' S, 24° 59' W | Click for more |
1893341 | Bottle station | 2008-10-28 14:02Z | 16° 52' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1893353 | Bottle station | 2008-10-29 05:39Z | 19° 7' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1893365 | Bottle station | 2008-10-29 14:01Z | 20° 16' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1893377 | Bottle station | 2008-10-30 05:47Z | 22° 47' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1893389 | Bottle station | 2008-10-30 14:00Z | 23° 55' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1893390 | Bottle station | 2008-10-31 05:39Z | 26° 33' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1893408 | Bottle station | 2008-10-31 14:23Z | 26° 33' S, 25° 0' W | Click for more |
1893421 | Bottle station | 2008-11-01 05:39Z | 28° 52' S, 26° 2' W | Click for more |
1893433 | Bottle station | 2008-11-03 06:45Z | 33° 46' S, 32° 0' W | Click for more |
1893445 | Bottle station | 2008-11-03 15:12Z | 34° 33' S, 32° 58' W | Click for more |
1893457 | Bottle station | 2008-11-04 05:25Z | 36° 10' S, 35° 3' W | Click for more |
1893469 | Bottle station | 2008-11-04 15:02Z | 36° 10' S, 35° 3' W | Click for more |
1893470 | Bottle station | 2008-11-05 05:40Z | 37° 58' S, 37° 24' W | Click for more |
1893482 | Bottle station | 2008-11-05 14:52Z | 38° 45' S, 38° 27' W | Click for more |
1893494 | Bottle station | 2008-11-06 14:55Z | 41° 28' S, 42° 8' W | Click for more |
1893501 | Bottle station | 2008-11-07 05:43Z | 43° 13' S, 44° 36' W | Click for more |
1893513 | Bottle station | 2008-11-07 14:45Z | 43° 57' S, 45° 39' W | Click for more |
Project Database
# Events | Gear Type | Parameters Held |
---|---|---|
102 | CTD frame plus rosette sampler |
Transmittance and attenuance of the water column
Carotenoid and flavenoid pigment concentrations in water bodies Nitrite concentration parameters in the water column Phytoplankton taxonomic abundance in water bodies Phosphate concentration parameters in the water column Dissolved oxygen parameters in the water column Temperature of the water column Salinity of the water column Silicate concentration parameters in the water column Visible waveband radiance and irradiance measurements in the water column Plankton abundance per unit volume of the water column Particulate inorganic carbon concentrations in the water column Raw oxygen sensor output Density of the water column Ammonium and ammonia concentration parameters in water bodies Nitrate concentration parameters in the water column Electrical conductivity of the water column Oxygen production and respiration in the water column Chlorophyll pigment concentrations in water bodies Particulate amino acid concentrations in the water column Particulate total and organic carbon concentrations in the water column Concentration of silicon species in the water column Light absorption in the water column Primary production in the water column |
16 | Unspecified zooplankton net or nets | |
366 | Sample taken from ship's non-toxic supply |
Salinity of the water column
Phytoplankton taxonomic abundance in water bodies Particulate inorganic carbon concentrations in the water column Chlorophyll pigment concentrations in water bodies Particulate total and organic carbon concentrations in the water column Concentration of silicon species in the water column |
Note: Parameter terms are taken from the BODC Parameter Discovery Vocabulary XML (SKOS)