Metadata Report for BODC Series Reference Number 1903921
Metadata Summary
Problem Reports
Data Access Policy
Narrative Documents
Project Information
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Fixed Station Information
BODC Quality Flags
SeaDataNet Quality Flags
Metadata Summary
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Problem Reports
CRELZZ01 and CRELZZ02
The high values in both the humidity channels are saturating at around 100% humidity. As around more than half of each channel is affected by this, the channels have been completely flagged and should be used with caution.
RRS James Clark Ross Cruise JR17001 Meteorology Quality Report
Relative Humidity
The high values in both the humidity channels are saturating at around 100% humidity. As around more than half of each channel is affected by this, the channels have been completely flagged and should be used with caution.
Wind channels
The originators relative wind speed and direction along with originators true wind speed and direction channels were loaded to the data file and checked. The values reported in the speed channel were too high and were deemed to be anomalous. Therefore the relative wind speed was loaded from the ships raw SCS data file: anemometer.ACO which reported more realistic values. It was decided the best option would be to re-derive true wind speed and direction using BODC internal routine from the SCS data stream. The wind data in the final data series are therefore derived from the SCS data source.
The wind channels were subsequently screened and wind shielding was observered where relative winds were coming from 250-300 degrees. All meteorological channels (except light) were flagged as suspect.
Atmospheric air pressure and temperature
The air pressure channels are of good quality and few flags were applied, with both channels having very similar values. There are several gaps in the channels which are shown with null flags. The Air temperature channel had a few spurious values which were flagged as anomalous and there are some gaps in both of the temperature channels.
Light channels
The TIR and PAR channels are of good quality and both the primary and secondary sensors show agreement in the readings. Some flags have been applied to all channels to highlight anomalous values in the data. There are a few gaps in the TIR and PAR channels which occur at the same time as the gaps in the other meteorological suite of sensors.
Data Access Policy
Open Data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
You must always use the following attribution statement to acknowledge the source of the information: "Contains data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council."
Narrative Documents
Gill Windobserver 70 (ultrasonic) anemometer
A solid state, heated ultrasonic anemometer. Designed for use within the aviation industry and for more extreme weather conditions. It measures the times taken for an ultrasonic pulse of sound to travel from the North transducer to the South transducer, and compares it with the time for a pulse to travel from S to N transducer. Likewise times are compared between West and East, and E and W transducer. The wind speed and direction (and the speed of sound) can then be calculated from the differences in the times of flight on each axis. This calculation is independent of factors such as temperature. It uses 150 Watts of electrical heating in the anemometer head to prevent icing. Wind speed accuracy is +/-2% at 12 m/s. Wind direction accuracy is +/-2 degrees at 12 m/s.
For more information, please see this document: https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/documents/nodb/pdf/Gill_WindObserver70_2017.pdf
Kipp & Zonen Photosynthetically Active Radiation Quantum Sensor PQS1
The PQS1 is an atmospheric radiometer designed to measure incident radiation at photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) wavelengths. It incorporates a diffuser with an excellent directional (cosine) response and a silicon photodiode detector.
If used in field research applications, the PQS1 can be connected with the METEON handheld display unit, which also as data-logging capability. For permanent installations, it can be connected to the LOGBOX SD data logger.
Specifications
Spectral range | 400 to 700 nm (± 4 nm) |
Sensitivity | 4 to 10 µV µmol-1 m-2 s-1 |
Response time | < 1 µs |
Non linearity | < 1% (0 to 10000 µV µmol-1 m-2 s-1) |
Temperature dependence | < -0.1% °C-1 |
Sensitivity change per year | < 2% |
Directional error | < 3% (up to 80° zenith angle) |
Field of view | 180° |
Operating temperature | -30 to 70°C |
Relative humidity | 0 to 100 % RH |
A link to the PQS1 specification sheet can be found here: PQS1 Spec sheet
Kipp and Zonen SP Lite and SP Lite2 Silicon Pyranometer
An atmospheric pyranometer that measures solar radiation over the range 400-1100 nm by means of a silicon photo-diode detector mounted in a diffuser. The sensor measures the radiation received over the entire hemisphere and the diffuser's sensitivity is proportional to the cosine of the angle of incidence of the incoming radiation. The photodiode creates a voltage output that is proportional to the incoming radiation. The SP Lite2 supersedes the SP Lite and features an improved sensitivity and faster response time than its predecessor.
Specifications
Specification | SP Lite | SP Lite2 |
---|---|---|
Spectral range | 400-1100 nm | 400-1100 nm |
Sensitivity | 100 µV W-1 m-2 | 60 to 100 µV W-1 m-2 |
Response time | < 1 s | < 500 ns |
Maximum irradiance | 2000 W m-2 | 2000 W m-2 |
Operating temperature | -30 to 70°C | -30 to 70°C |
Temperature dependence | 0.15% °C-1 | 0.15% °C-1 |
Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheets for the SP Lite and SP Lite2.
RRS James Clark Ross Cruise JR17001 Meteorology Instrument Description Document
The meteorological suite of sensors is located on the bow at 22 m height, aside from the barometer which is in the UIC laboratory. The instruments used to collect this dataset are displayed in the table below.
Manufacturer | Model | Main Function | Serial number | Last calibration date |
Kipp and Zonen (sensor 1) | SPLite 2 | Total Incident Radiation (TIR) | 172882 | 02/02/2017 |
Kipp and Zonen (sensor 2) | SPLite 2 | Total Incident Radiation (TIR) | 172883 | 02/02/2017 |
Kipp and Zonen (sensor 1) | Proto Quantum Spectra 1 (PQS1) | Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) | 160959 | 03/10/2016 |
Kipp and Zonen (sensor 2) | Proto Quantum Spectra 1 (PQS1) | Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) | 160960 | 03/10/2016 |
Rotronic | MP402H-050300 | Air temperature and relative humidity (port) | 0061698924 | 13/03/2017 |
Rotronic | MP402H-050300 | Air temperature and relative humidity (starboard) | 0061698922 | 13/03/2017 |
Vaisala | PTB210 Class B | Digital barometer | V1450003 | 10/04/2000 |
Vaisala | PTB210 Class B | Digital barometer | V1450002 | 10/04/2000 |
Gill Windobserver | 70 (ultrasonic) | Anemometer | 1511002 | - |
Rotronic Hygromet MP102H and MP402H temperature and humidity probes
This meteorological probe measures humidity and temperature with the plug-in HygroClip HC2-S3 sensor module, and can also be equipped with a signal conditioned Pt100 temperature probe.
The two models differ in that the MP102H produces a voltage output while the MP402H produces a current output. Other characteristics are common to both models.
The specification sheet can be accessed here Rotronic MP102H and MP402H.
Specifications
Start up time | 3 s (typical) |
Data refresh time | 1 s (typical) |
Humidity range | 0 to 100% RH |
Humidity accuracy | 0.8% RH |
Temperature range | -40 to 80°C |
Temperature accuracy | 0.1°C |
Maximum air velocity ar probe | 20 m s-1 |
User configurable limits | -999 to 9999 engineering units |
HC2-S3 Probe material | Polycarbonate |
Probe dust filter | Polyethylene |
Vaisala PTB210 Digital Barometer
The basic specifications for this pressure sensor are as follows:
- Manufacturer: Vaisala
- Type: Silicon capacitive sensor
- Model: PTB210
- Range: 900 - 1100 hPa
- Output: 0-5VDC
- Total Accuracy (20°C): ±0.30hPa
- Operating temperature: -40 to +60 deg C
- Weight: 110g
- Certification Ingress Protection: IP65
Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.
RRS James Clark Ross Cruise JR17001 Meteorology Processing Procedures Document
Originator's Data Processing
Meterological data were measured from instruments located on the RRS James Clark Ross meterological mast. The data streams were logged by the NOAA SCS software and merged into comma separated file formats (.ACO). The instruments logged the meterological data to the oceanlogger and anemometer ACO files and the header information was stored in the corresponding .TPL files.
The SCS underway data streams for navigation and meteorological parameters were read in and processed on a daily basis using Mexec v3.1 to generate NetCDF files containing the data. Processing included some automatic removal of out-of-range values, despiking, and averaging (vector averaging in the case of the wind data).
The following files were provided.
- bst: complete navigation file at half-minute intervals.
- met: anemometer data, combined with ship navigation to provide true wind speed. Averaged to 1-minute intervals.
- ocl: oceanlogger data, including two sensors for sea surface temperature (sstemp), and calibrated salinity.
The table below shows the original files delivered to BODC that contained the data in the final meteorological data series, along with start and end dates and times of each file.
Filename | Content Discription | Format | Interval | Start date | Start Time | End date | End Time |
oceanlogger_jr17001_01_medav_clean_cal.nc |
| MSTAR | ~5 sec | 21/11/2017 | 22:46:00 | 19/12/2017 | 12:43:00 |
anemometer_jr17001_trueav.nc | Relative and true wind speed and direction | MSTAR | ~1 sec | 21/11/2017 | 00:01:00 | 19/12/2017 | 15:56:00 |
BODC Data Processing
The data were reformatted to BODC internal format using standard banking procedures. Data were averaged at 60 second intervals. The following table shows how variables within the files were mapped to appropriate BODC parameter codes:
anemometer_jr17001_trueav.nc
Originators variable | Originators units | Description | BODC Code | BODC Units | Comments |
Ship_u | m/s | - | - | - | Generated at BODC (available in BODC navigation file for cruise) |
Ship_v | m/s | - | - | - | Generated at BODC (available in BODC navigation file for cruise) |
Ship_spd | m/s | Ships speed | - | - | Not loaded |
Ship_dir | degrees | Ships direction | - | - | Not loaded |
Ship_hdg | degrees | Ships heading | - | - | Loaded from originator's navigation file (available in BODC navigation file for cruise) |
truwind_u | m/s | - | - | - | Not loaded |
truwind_v | m/s | - | - | - | Not loaded |
truwind_spd | m/s | True wind speed | - | m/s | Not in final data series as values anomalous |
truwind_dir | degrees_to | True wind direction | - | degrees | Not in final data series. |
relwind_u | m/s | - | - | - | Not loaded |
relwind_v | m/s | - | - | - | Not loaded |
relwind_spd | m/s | Relative wind speed | - | m/s | Not in final data series as values anomalous |
relwind_direarth | degrees | - | - | - | Not loaded |
relwind_dirship | degrees | Relative wind direction | - | degrees | Not in final data series. |
lat | Degrees | - | - | - | Available in BODC navigation file for cruise |
lon | degrees | - | - | - | Available in BODC navigation file for cruise |
distrun | km | - | - | - | Generated at BODC (available in BODC navigation file for cruise) |
anemometer.ACO
Originators variable | Originators units | Description | BODC Code | BODC Units | Comments |
- | m/s | True wind speed | EWSBZZ01 | m/s | Derived from relative wind speed using BODC routine WINCOR |
- | degrees_to | True wind direction | EWDAZZ01 | degrees | Derived from relative wind speed using BODC routine WINCOR |
anemometer-wind_speed_ms,m/s | m/s | Relative wind speed | ERWSSS01 | m/s | - |
anemometer-wind_dir,degrees | degrees | Relative wind direction | ERWDSS01 | degrees | - |
oceanlogger_jr17001_01_medav_clean_cal.nc
Originator^Zs variable | Originator^Zs units | Description | BODC Code | BODC Units | Unit conversion | Comments |
airtemp1 | celsius | Air temperature (sensor 1) | CDTAZZ01 | Degrees Celsius | - | - |
humidity1 | %RH | Relative humidity (sensor 1) | CRELZZ01 | % | - | - |
par1 | µmol/S.m2 | Photosynthetically available radiation (sensor 1) | IRRDSV01 | µE/m2/s | Units equivalent | - |
tir1 | W/m2 | Total incident radiation (sensor 1) | CSLRR101 | µE | - | - |
airtemp2 | celsius | Air temperature (sensor 2) | CDTAZZ02 | Degrees C | - | - |
humidity2 | % | Relative humidity (sensor 2) | CRELZZ02 | % | - | - |
par2 | µmol/S.m2 | Photosynthetically available radiation (sensor 2) | PARERXSD | µE/m2/s | Units equivalent | - |
tir2 | W/m2 | Total incident radiation (sensor 2) | CSLRR102 | W/m2 | - | - |
baro1 | hPa | Air pressure (sensor 1) | CAPHTU01 | Millibars | Units equivalent | - |
baro2 | hPa | Air pressure (sensor 2) | CAPHTU02 | Millibars | Units equivalent | - |
Tstemp | celsius | TSG housing temperature | - | - | - | Available in sea surface hydrography file for the cruise |
Conductivity | S/m | Electrical conductivity | - | - | - | Available in sea surface hydrography file for the cruise |
Salinity | psu | Sea surface (practical) salinity | - | - | - | Available in sea surface hydrography file for the cruise |
sound_velocity | m/s | Sea surface sound velocity | - | - | - | Available in sea surface hydrography file for the cruise |
Chlorophyll | µg/l | Chlorophyll a | - | - | - | Available in sea surface hydrography file for the cruise |
Sampletemp | celcius | Fluorometer temperature | - | - | - | - |
Flowrate | l/min | Fluorometer flow rate | - | - | - | Available in sea surface hydrography file for the cruise |
Sstemp | celcius | Sea surface temperature (sensor 1) | - | - | - | Available in sea surface hydrography file for the cruise |
Trans | 0< Tr < 1 | Transmittance (red light wavelength 25cm path length) | - | - | - | Available in sea surface hydrography file for the cruise |
sstemp2 | celcius | Sea surface temperature (sensor 2) | - | - | - | Available in sea surface hydrography file for the cruise |
salinity_cal | pss-78 | Sea surface (practical) salinity | - | - | - | Calibrated against independent samples |
All data expressed at measurement altitude.
All the reformatted data were visualised using the in-house EDSERPLO software. Suspect data were marked by adding an appropriate quality control flag.
Calibrations
No calibrations were applied to the meteorological data. The data delivered to BODC were adjusted for manufacturer coefficients.
Project Information
Ocean Regulation of Climate by Heat and Carbon Sequestration and Transports (ORCHESTRA)
The Ocean Regulation of Climate by Heat and Carbon Sequestration and Transports (ORCHESTRA) is a £8.4 million, five year (2016-2021) research programme funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). The aim of the research is to to advance the understanding of, and capability to predict, the Southern Ocean's impact on climate change via its uptake and storage of heat and carbon. The programme will significantly reduce uncertainties concerning how this uptake and storage by the ocean influences global climate, by conducting a series of unique fieldwork campaigns and innovative model developments.
Background
ORCHESTRA represents the first fully-unified activity by NERC institutes to address these challenges, and will draw in national and international partners to provide community coherence, and to build a legacy in knowledge and capability that will transcend the timescale of the programme itself.
It brings together science teams from six UK research institutions to investigate the role that the Southern Ocean plays in our changing climate and atmospheric carbon draw-down. It is led by British Antarctic Survey, in partnership with National Oceanography Centre, British Geological Survey, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, the Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling and the Sea Mammal Research Unit.
The oceans around Antarctica play a critical a key role in drawing down and storing large amounts of carbon and vast quantities of heat from from the atmosphere. Due to its remoteness and harsh environment, the Southern Ocean is the world's biggest data desert, and one of the hardest places to get right in climate models. The ORCHESTRA programme will make unique and important new measurements in the Southern Ocean using a range of techniques, including use of the world-class UK research vessel fleet, and deployments of innovative underwater robots. The new understanding obtained will guide key improvements to the current generation of computer models, and will enhance greatly our ability to predict climate into the future.
The scope of the programme includes interaction of the Southern Ocean with the atmosphere, exchange between the upper ocean mixed layer and the interior and exchange between the Southern Ocean and the global ocean.
Further details are available on the ORCHESTRA page.
Participants
Six different organisations are directly involved in research for ORCHESTRA. These institutions are:
- British Antarctic Survey (BAS)
- National Oceanography Centre (NOC)
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML)
- British Geological Survey (BGS)
- Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling (CPOM)
- Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU)
GO-SHIP are a third party organisation that, although not directly involved with the programme, will conduct ship based observations that will also be used by ORCHESTRA.
Research details
Three Work Packages have been funded by the ORCHESTRA programme. These are described in brief below:
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Work Package 1: Interaction of the Southern ocean with the atmosphere
WP1 will use new observations of surface fluxes and their controlling parameters in order to better constrain the exchanges of heat and carbon loss across the surface of the Southern Ocean. -
Work Package 2: Exchange between the upper ocean mixed layer and the interior.
This work package will combine observationally-derived data and model simulations to determine and understand the exchanges between the ocean mixed layer and its interior. -
Work Package 3: Exchange between the Southern Ocean and the global ocean .
This WP will use budget analyses of the hydrographic/tracer sections to diagnose the three-dimensional velocity field of the waters entering, leaving and recirculating within the Southern Atlantic sector of the Southern ocean. -
Fieldwork and data collection
The campaign consists of 12 core cruises on board the NERC research vessels RRS James Clark Ross and RRS James Cook and will include hydrographic/tracer sections conducted across Drake Passage (SR1b), the northern Weddell Sea/Scotia Sea (A23), the northern rim of the Weddell Gyre (ANDREXII) and across the South Atlantic (24S). Section I6S will be performed by GO-SHIP Project Partners. Measurements will include temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, velocity, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, inorganic nutrients, oxygen and carbon isotopes, and underway meteorological and surface ocean observations including pCO2.
Tags will be deployed on 30 Weddel seals and these will provide temperature and salinity profiles that can be used alongside the Argo data.
Autonomous underwater ocean gliders will conduct multi-month missions and will deliver data on ocean stratification, heat content, mixed layer depth and turbulent mixing over the upper 1 km, with previously-unobtainable temporal resolution. These gliders will be deployed in the Weddell Gyre and the ACC.
Field campaigns with the MASIN meteorological aircrafts will be conducted flying out of Rothera and Halley research stations and the Falkland Islands. These campaigns will deliver information on key variables relating to air-sea fluxes (surface and air temperature, wind, humidity, atmospheric CO2, radiation, turbulent fluxes of heat, momentum and CO2), in different sea ice conditions and oceanic regimes.
Eart Observation datasets will be used to inform the programme on the properties of the ocean, sea ice and atmosphere and on interactions between them.
A cluster of 6 deep ocean moorings in the Orkney Passage will collect year round series of AABW temperatre and transport. This work connects to the NERC funded project Dynamics of the Orkney Passage Outflow (DYNOPO).
The UK Earth System model (UKESM) and underlying physical model will be used to conduct analyses of heat and carbon uptake and transport by the Southern Ocean and their links to wider climate on decadal timescales.
An eddy-resolving (1/12°) sector model of the ocean south of 30°S with 75 vertical levels, will be built using the NEMO model coupled to the Los Alamos sea ice (CICE) model. The improvements on the ocean boundary layer will be based from the results from the NERC-funded OSMOSIS project and the inclusion of tides.
20-5 year runs of an adjoint model will be conducted to determine how key forcings and model states affect the uptake and subduction of heat and carbon by the ocean.
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Cruise
Cruise Name | JR17001 (ORCHESTRA) |
Departure Date | 2017-11-21 |
Arrival Date | 2017-12-21 |
Principal Scientist(s) | David Barnes (British Antarctic Survey), J Alexander Brearley (British Antarctic Survey), Yvonne L Firing (National Oceanography Centre, Southampton) |
Ship | RRS James Clark Ross |
Complete Cruise Metadata Report is available here
Fixed Station Information
No Fixed Station Information held for the Series
BODC Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
Flag | Description |
---|---|
Blank | Unqualified |
< | Below detection limit |
> | In excess of quoted value |
A | Taxonomic flag for affinis (aff.) |
B | Beginning of CTD Down/Up Cast |
C | Taxonomic flag for confer (cf.) |
D | Thermometric depth |
E | End of CTD Down/Up Cast |
G | Non-taxonomic biological characteristic uncertainty |
H | Extrapolated value |
I | Taxonomic flag for single species (sp.) |
K | Improbable value - unknown quality control source |
L | Improbable value - originator's quality control |
M | Improbable value - BODC quality control |
N | Null value |
O | Improbable value - user quality control |
P | Trace/calm |
Q | Indeterminate |
R | Replacement value |
S | Estimated value |
T | Interpolated value |
U | Uncalibrated |
W | Control value |
X | Excessive difference |
SeaDataNet Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
Flag | Description |
---|---|
0 | no quality control |
1 | good value |
2 | probably good value |
3 | probably bad value |
4 | bad value |
5 | changed value |
6 | value below detection |
7 | value in excess |
8 | interpolated value |
9 | missing value |
A | value phenomenon uncertain |
B | nominal value |
Q | value below limit of quantification |