Metadata Report for BODC Series Reference Number 1965992

• Metadata Summary

• Problem Reports

• Data Access Policy

• Narrative Documents

• Project Information

• Data Activity or Cruise Information

• Fixed Station Information

• BODC Quality Flags

• SeaDataNet Quality Flags

Metadata Summary

Problem Reports

No Problem Report Found in the Database

Data Access Policy

Open Data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)

You must always use the following attribution statement to acknowledge the source of the information: "Contains data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council."

Narrative Documents

Niskin Bottle

The Niskin bottle is a device used by oceanographers to collect subsurface seawater samples. It is a plastic bottle with caps and rubber seals at each end and is deployed with the caps held open, allowing free-flushing of the bottle as it moves through the water column.

Standard Niskin

The standard version of the bottle includes a plastic-coated metal spring or elastic cord running through the interior of the bottle that joins the two caps, and the caps are held open against the spring by plastic lanyards. When the bottle reaches the desired depth the lanyards are released by a pressure-actuated switch, command signal or messenger weight and the caps are forced shut and sealed, trapping the seawater sample.

Lever Action Niskin

The Lever Action Niskin Bottle differs from the standard version, in that the caps are held open during deployment by externally mounted stainless steel springs rather than an internal spring or cord. Lever Action Niskins are recommended for applications where a completely clear sample chamber is critical or for use in deep cold water.

Clean Sampling

A modified version of the standard Niskin bottle has been developed for clean sampling. This is teflon-coated and uses a latex cord to close the caps rather than a metal spring. The clean version of the Levered Action Niskin bottle is also teflon-coated and uses epoxy covered springs in place of the stainless steel springs. These bottles are specifically designed to minimise metal contamination when sampling trace metals.

Deployment

Bottles may be deployed singly clamped to a wire or in groups of up to 48 on a rosette. Standard bottles and Lever Action bottles have a capacity between 1.7 and 30 L. Reversing thermometers may be attached to a spring-loaded disk that rotates through 180° on bottle closure.

Turner Designs Trilogy Fluorometer

The Trilogy Laboratory Fluorometer is a compact laboratory instrument for making fluorescence, absorbance and turbidity measurements using the appropriate snap-in Application Module.

The following snap-in application modules are available:

For extracted chlorophyll measurements using EPA 445, Trilogy automatically calculates the concentration using the filtered and solvent volumes. The turbidity modules use an IRLED with a wavelength of 860nm to meet ISO 7027 standards for turbidity water quality measurements.

Specifications

Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.

JR17007 Water Samples for Chlorophyll-a and Phaeophytin-a determination from CTD bottles

Originator's Protocol for Data Acquisition and Analysis

Water samples were collected from 7 stations in the Barents Sea during the early summer period of July-August 2018 onboard cruise JR17007. Seawater was collected from five depths within the euphotic zone, including the sea surface and the fluorescence maximum from a standard environmental CTD cast as close to midday as possible. The water was pre-screened with a 200µm mesh and was collected in five 10 litre carboys. These were blacked out using black polythene bags and wrapped in tape. Water was collected through tubing that was blacked out using black tape. Both carboys and tubing were thoroughly rinsed with seawater from the sample depth before the water was collected. Samples were transferred to the CT room, which was set at 4°C.For chlorophyll-a and fluorescence measurements between 0.5 and 1L of water were filtered through a 25mm GFF filter and frozen. These were analysed back in the UK at Scottish Association Marine Science (SAMS).

At SAMS, the samples were extracted in 8ml of 90% neutralised acetone 18-24hr overnight in the dark at 4°C (no more than 24hours), filters then sonicated for 1 minute on ice, centrifuged at 4000rpm for 6 min at 4°C then measured on a Trilogy Turner fluorometer. The fluorometer was calibrated using chla extract from spinach (Sigma Aldrich C5753-1MG), the working chlorophyll stock concentration was verified by measurements taken by a scanning spectrometer and calculations applied. Standards and samples were kept at the same temperature for analysis on the fluorometer, and kept in dimmed light. Blanks (90% neutralised acetone) were measured every 12 samples and a solid state secondary standard (Turner designs P/No 8000-952) to check the stability of the fluorometer and to account for drift of the instrument.

Instrumentation Description

Trilogy Turner fluorometer

BODC Data Processing Procedures

Data were submitted in .xlsx spreadsheet and contained chlorophyll-a and phaeophytin data with the associated standard deviations. Additional metadata such as date, station, ctd number, event number, sample depth (m), niskin bottle number, number of replicates and volume filtered (L per replicate) were also provided by the originator.

The data were reformatted and assigned BODC parameter codes. Quality control checks were made and BODC applied flags were applicable. The data were then loaded into the BODC database using established BODC data banking procedures.

A parameter mapping table is provided below:

Data Quality Report

No data quality issues to report.

Project Information

Changing Arctic Ocean: Implications for marine biology and biogeochemistry

Changing Arctic Ocean (CAO) is a £16 million, five year (2017-2022) research programme initially funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). The aim of the CAO programme is to understand how change in the physical environment (ice and ocean) will affect the large-scale ecosystem structure and biogeochemical functioning of the Arctic Ocean, the potential major impacts and provide projections for future ecosystem services. In July 2018, additional projects were added to the programme that were jointly funded by NERC and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.

Background

The Arctic Ocean is responding to global climate change in ways that are not yet fully understood and in some cases, not yet identified. The impacts of change in the Arctic are global in range and international in importance. To achieve the aim, the programme has two key research challenges:

• To develop quantified understanding of the structure and functioning of Arctic ecosystems.
• To understand the sensitivity of Arctic ecosystem structure, functioning and services to multiple stressors and the development of projections of the impacts of change.

The decision to fund the CAO project was both scientific and political and is the second largest research programme funded by NERC.

The programme involves 33 organisations, the majority of which are research institutions in the UK and Germany, and over 170 scientists. The programme consists of four large projects with an additional 12 research projects added in July 2018.

Further information can be found on the Changing Arctic Ocean website.

Participants

There are 33 organisations involved in the Changing Arctic Ocean project, these are:

• Alfred Wegener Institut (AWI)
• Bangor University
• British Antarctic Survey (BAS)
• Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS)
• Durham University
• GEOMAR
• Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Centre for Materials and Coastal Research
• Lancaster University
• Marine Biological Association (MBA)
• Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
• National Oceanography Centre (NOC)
• Newcastle University
• Northumbria University
• Ocean Atmosphere Systems GmbH
• Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML)
• Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS)
• Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC)
• Université Libre de Bruxelles
• University College London (UCL)
• University of Bristol
• University of East Anglia (UEA)
• University of Edinburgh
• University of Glasgow
• University of Huddersfield
• University of Leeds
• University of Liverpool
• University of Manchester
• University of Oldenburg
• University of Oxford
• University of Southampton
• University of St Andrews
• University of Stirling
• University of Strathclyde

In addition to the core organisation, there are a number of international collaborators.

Research Details

The four large projects funded by NERC are:

• Arctic Productivity in the seasonal Ice Zone (Arctic PRIZE)
• Can we detect changes in Arctic ecosystems? (ARISE)
• The Changing Arctic Ocean Seafloor (ChAOS) - How changing sea ice conditions impact biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystems
• Mechanistic understanding of the role of diatoms in the success of the Arctic Calanus complex and implications for a warmer Arctic (DIAPOD)

The additional 12 projects added in July 2018 funded jointly by NERC and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research are:

• Advective Pathways of nutrients and key Ecological substances in the Arctic (APEAR)
• How will changing freshwater export and terrestrial permafrost thaw influence the Arctic Ocean? (CACOON)
• Chronobiology of changing Arctic Sea Ecosystems (CHASE)
• Potential benefits and risks of borealisation for fish stocks and ecosystems in a changing Arctic Ocean (Coldfish)
• Diatom Autecological Responses with Changes To Ice Cover (Diatom-ARCTIC)
• Ecosystem functions controlled by sea ice and light in a changing Arctic (Eco-Light)
• Effects of ice stressors and pollutants on the Arctic marine cryosphere (EISPAC)
• Linking Oceanography and Multi-specific, spatially-Variable Interactions of seabirds and their prey in the Arctic (LOMVIA)
• Understanding the links between pelagic microbial ecosystems and organic matter cycling in the changing Arctic (Micro-ARC)
• Microbes to Megafauna Modelling of Arctic Seas (MiMeMo)
• Primary productivity driven by escalating Arctic nutrient fluxes? (PEANUTS)
• Pathways and emissions of climate-relevant trace gases in a changing Arctic Ocean (PETRA)

Fieldwork and Data Collection

The programme consists of seven core cruises that survey areas in the Barents Sea and the Fram Strait on board the NERC research vessel RRS James Clark Ross. Measurements will include temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, inorganic nutrients, oxygen and carbon isotopes and underway meteorological and surface ocean observations. In addition to ship based cruise datasets gliders, moorings and animal tags are part of the fieldwork. Further data are collected from model runs.

Data Activity or Cruise Information

Data Activity

BODC Sample Metadata Report for JR17007_CTD_CTD014

Please note:the supplied parameters may not have been sampled from all the bottle firings described in the table above. Cross-match the Sample Reference Number above against the SAMPRFNM value in the data file to identify the relevant metadata.

Related Data Activity activities are detailed in Appendix 1

Cruise

Complete Cruise Metadata Report is available here

Fixed Station Information

Fixed Station Information

Changing Arctic Ocean Fixed Station B16

This station is one of several sites sampled on the Barents Sea as part of the Changing Arctic Ocean programme. The station has a mean water depth 287 m at the following co-ordinates:

The position of this station relative to the other Changing Arctic Ocean sites can be seen from the figure below (in red).

Sampling History

Related Fixed Station activities are detailed in Appendix 2

BODC Quality Control Flags

The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:

SeaDataNet Quality Control Flags

The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:

Appendix 1: JR17007_CTD_CTD014

Related series for this Data Activity are presented in the table below. Further information can be found by following the appropriate links.

If you are interested in these series, please be aware we offer a multiple file download service. Should your credentials be insufficient for automatic download, the service also offers a referral to our Enquiries Officer who may be able to negotiate access.

Appendix 2: CAO-B16

Related series for this Fixed Station are presented in the table below. Further information can be found by following the appropriate links.

If you are interested in these series, please be aware we offer a multiple file download service. Should your credentials be insufficient for automatic download, the service also offers a referral to our Enquiries Officer who may be able to negotiate access.