Metadata Report for BODC Series Reference Number 2196107
Metadata Summary
Problem Reports
Data Access Policy
Narrative Documents
Project Information
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Fixed Station Information
BODC Quality Flags
SeaDataNet Quality Flags
Metadata Summary
Data Description |
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Data Identifiers |
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Time Co-ordinates(UT) |
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Spatial Co-ordinates | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Parameters |
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Definition of BOTTFLAG | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
BOTTFLAG | Definition |
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0 | The sampling event occurred without any incident being reported to BODC. |
1 | The filter in an in-situ sampling pump physically ruptured during sample resulting in an unquantifiable loss of sampled material. |
2 | Analytical evidence (e.g. surface water salinity measured on a sample collected at depth) indicates that the water sample has been contaminated by water from depths other than the depths of sampling. |
3 | The feedback indicator on the deck unit reported that the bottle closure command had failed. General Oceanics deck units used on NERC vessels in the 80s and 90s were renowned for reporting misfires when the bottle had been closed. This flag is also suitable for when a trigger command is mistakenly sent to a bottle that has previously been fired. |
4 | During the sampling deployment the bottle was fired in an order other than incrementing rosette position. Indicative of the potential for errors in the assignment of bottle firing depth, especially with General Oceanics rosettes. |
5 | Water was reported to be escaping from the bottle as the rosette was being recovered. |
6 | The bottle seals were observed to be incorrectly seated and the bottle was only part full of water on recovery. |
7 | Either the bottle was found to contain no sample on recovery or there was no bottle fitted to the rosette position fired (but SBE35 record may exist). |
8 | There is reason to doubt the accuracy of the sampling depth associated with the sample. |
9 | The bottle air vent had not been closed prior to deployment giving rise to a risk of sample contamination through leakage. |
Definition of Rank |
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Problem Reports
No Problem Report Found in the Database
Data Access Policy
Open Data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
You must always use the following attribution statement to acknowledge the source of the information: "Contains data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council."
Narrative Documents
SPX Bran+Luebbe Autoanalyser 3
The instrument uses continuous flow analysis (CFA) with a continuous stream of material divided by air bubbles into discrete segments in which chemical reactions occur. The continuous stream of liquid samples and reagents are combined and transported in tubing and mixing coils. The tubing passes the samples from one apparatus to the other with each apparatus performing different functions, such as distillation, dialysis, extraction, ion exchange, heating, incubation, and subsequent recording of a signal.
An essential principle of the system is the introduction of air bubbles. The air bubbles segment each sample into discrete packets and act as a barrier between packets to prevent cross contamination as they travel down the length of the tubing. The air bubbles also assist mixing by creating turbulent flow (bolus flow), and provide operators with a quick and easy check of the flow characteristics of the liquid.
Samples and standards are treated in an exactly identical manner as they travel the length of the tubing, eliminating the necessity of a steady state signal, however, since the presence of bubbles create an almost square wave profile, bringing the system to steady state does not significantly decrease throughput and is desirable in that steady state signals (chemical equilibrium) are more accurate and reproducible.
The autoanalyzer can consist of different modules including a sampler, pump, mixing coils, optional sample treatments (dialysis, distillation, heating, etc), a detector, and data generator. Most continuous flow analyzers depend on color reactions using a flow through colorimeter, however other methods have been developed that use ISE, flame photometry, ICAP, fluorometry, and so forth.
More details can be found in the manufacturer's introduction to autoanalysers andinstrument description.
Niskin Bottle
The Niskin bottle is a device used by oceanographers to collect subsurface seawater samples. It is a plastic bottle with caps and rubber seals at each end and is deployed with the caps held open, allowing free-flushing of the bottle as it moves through the water column.
Standard Niskin
The standard version of the bottle includes a plastic-coated metal spring or elastic cord running through the interior of the bottle that joins the two caps, and the caps are held open against the spring by plastic lanyards. When the bottle reaches the desired depth the lanyards are released by a pressure-actuated switch, command signal or messenger weight and the caps are forced shut and sealed, trapping the seawater sample.
Lever Action Niskin
The Lever Action Niskin Bottle differs from the standard version, in that the caps are held open during deployment by externally mounted stainless steel springs rather than an internal spring or cord. Lever Action Niskins are recommended for applications where a completely clear sample chamber is critical or for use in deep cold water.
Clean Sampling
A modified version of the standard Niskin bottle has been developed for clean sampling. This is teflon-coated and uses a latex cord to close the caps rather than a metal spring. The clean version of the Levered Action Niskin bottle is also teflon-coated and uses epoxy covered springs in place of the stainless steel springs. These bottles are specifically designed to minimise metal contamination when sampling trace metals.
Deployment
Bottles may be deployed singly clamped to a wire or in groups of up to 48 on a rosette. Standard bottles and Lever Action bottles have a capacity between 1.7 and 30 L. Reversing thermometers may be attached to a spring-loaded disk that rotates through 180° on bottle closure.
CTD water samples for nutrient determination for Cruise JR18005
Originator's Protocol for Data Acquisition and Analysis
Sampling methodology
Acid clean 60ml HDPE Nalgene bottles were used for all nutrient sampling. These were aged, acid washed and cleaned, initially, and stored containing a 10% acid solution between sampling. Water column depth profile samples were taken from the 12 litre OTE CTD bottles from the stainless steel CTD/Rosette system and sub-sampled into the Nalgene nutrient bottles. The sample bottle was washed 3 times before taking the final sample, and capping tightly. These were then taken immediately to the nutrient analyser in the laboratory and analysis conducted as soon as possible after sampling. Nutrient free (Semperguard) gloves were used and other clean handling protocols were adopted as close to those according to the GO-SHIP nutrient manual protocols (Becker et al, 2019; in review).
Analytical methodology
The analytical chemical methodologies used were according to Brewer and Riley (1965) for nitrate, Grasshoff (1976) for nitrite, Mantoura and Woodward (1983) for ammonium, and Kirkwood (1989) for silicate and phosphate.
The micro-molar segmented flow colorimetric auto-analyser used was the PML 5-channel (nitrate,nitrite,phosphate,ammonium and silicate) Bran and Luebbe AAIII system, using classical proven analytical techniques. The instrument was calibrated with home produced nutrient stock standards and then compared daily against Certified Nutrient Reference Materials, from SCOR/Jamstec and KANSO Technos, Japan, for quality control and checking of analytical standardisation. Specifically, batch CV was used during this cruise.
References Cited
Becker S., Woodward E.M.S., Aoyama M., Bakker K., Coverly S., Mahaffey C. and Tanhua T., 2019. GO-SHIP Nutrient Manual. (in review).
Brewer P.G. and Riley J.P., 1965. The automatic determination of nitrate in seawater. Deep Sea Research, 12, 765-772.
Grasshoff K., 1976. Methods of seawater analysis. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim and New York, 317.
Mantoura R.F.C, and Woodward E.M.S, 1983. Ammonium Analysis.
Kirkwood D., 1989. Simultaneous determination of selected nutrients in seawater. ICES CM 1989/C:29.
JR18005 Cruise report
Further information can be found in the JR18005 Cruise report.
BODC Data Processing Procedures
Data received were loaded into the BODC database using established BODC data banking procedures. A parameter mapping table is provided below:
Originator's Variable | Originator's Units | BODC Parameter Code | BODC Unit | Comments |
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Nitrate+Nitrite | µM | NTRZAATX | umol/l | - |
Silicate | µM | SLCAAATX | umol/l | - |
Nitrite | µM | NTRIAATX | umol/l | - |
Ammonium | µM | AMONAATX | umol/l | - |
Phosphate | µM | PHOSAATX | umol/l | - |
Project Information
Ocean Regulation of Climate by Heat and Carbon Sequestration and Transports (ORCHESTRA)
The Ocean Regulation of Climate by Heat and Carbon Sequestration and Transports (ORCHESTRA) is a £8.4 million, five year (2016-2021) research programme funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). The aim of the research is to to advance the understanding of, and capability to predict, the Southern Ocean's impact on climate change via its uptake and storage of heat and carbon. The programme will significantly reduce uncertainties concerning how this uptake and storage by the ocean influences global climate, by conducting a series of unique fieldwork campaigns and innovative model developments.
Background
ORCHESTRA represents the first fully-unified activity by NERC institutes to address these challenges, and will draw in national and international partners to provide community coherence, and to build a legacy in knowledge and capability that will transcend the timescale of the programme itself.
It brings together science teams from six UK research institutions to investigate the role that the Southern Ocean plays in our changing climate and atmospheric carbon draw-down. It is led by British Antarctic Survey, in partnership with National Oceanography Centre, British Geological Survey, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, the Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling and the Sea Mammal Research Unit.
The oceans around Antarctica play a critical a key role in drawing down and storing large amounts of carbon and vast quantities of heat from from the atmosphere. Due to its remoteness and harsh environment, the Southern Ocean is the world's biggest data desert, and one of the hardest places to get right in climate models. The ORCHESTRA programme will make unique and important new measurements in the Southern Ocean using a range of techniques, including use of the world-class UK research vessel fleet, and deployments of innovative underwater robots. The new understanding obtained will guide key improvements to the current generation of computer models, and will enhance greatly our ability to predict climate into the future.
The scope of the programme includes interaction of the Southern Ocean with the atmosphere, exchange between the upper ocean mixed layer and the interior and exchange between the Southern Ocean and the global ocean.
Further details are available on the ORCHESTRA page.
Participants
Six different organisations are directly involved in research for ORCHESTRA. These institutions are:
- British Antarctic Survey (BAS)
- National Oceanography Centre (NOC)
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML)
- British Geological Survey (BGS)
- Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling (CPOM)
- Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU)
GO-SHIP are a third party organisation that, although not directly involved with the programme, will conduct ship based observations that will also be used by ORCHESTRA.
Research details
Three Work Packages have been funded by the ORCHESTRA programme. These are described in brief below:
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Work Package 1: Interaction of the Southern ocean with the atmosphere
WP1 will use new observations of surface fluxes and their controlling parameters in order to better constrain the exchanges of heat and carbon loss across the surface of the Southern Ocean. -
Work Package 2: Exchange between the upper ocean mixed layer and the interior.
This work package will combine observationally-derived data and model simulations to determine and understand the exchanges between the ocean mixed layer and its interior. -
Work Package 3: Exchange between the Southern Ocean and the global ocean .
This WP will use budget analyses of the hydrographic/tracer sections to diagnose the three-dimensional velocity field of the waters entering, leaving and recirculating within the Southern Atlantic sector of the Southern ocean. -
Fieldwork and data collection
The campaign consists of 12 core cruises on board the NERC research vessels RRS James Clark Ross and RRS James Cook and will include hydrographic/tracer sections conducted across Drake Passage (SR1b), the northern Weddell Sea/Scotia Sea (A23), the northern rim of the Weddell Gyre (ANDREXII) and across the South Atlantic (24S). Section I6S will be performed by GO-SHIP Project Partners. Measurements will include temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, velocity, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, inorganic nutrients, oxygen and carbon isotopes, and underway meteorological and surface ocean observations including pCO2.
Tags will be deployed on 30 Weddel seals and these will provide temperature and salinity profiles that can be used alongside the Argo data.
Autonomous underwater ocean gliders will conduct multi-month missions and will deliver data on ocean stratification, heat content, mixed layer depth and turbulent mixing over the upper 1 km, with previously-unobtainable temporal resolution. These gliders will be deployed in the Weddell Gyre and the ACC.
Field campaigns with the MASIN meteorological aircrafts will be conducted flying out of Rothera and Halley research stations and the Falkland Islands. These campaigns will deliver information on key variables relating to air-sea fluxes (surface and air temperature, wind, humidity, atmospheric CO2, radiation, turbulent fluxes of heat, momentum and CO2), in different sea ice conditions and oceanic regimes.
Eart Observation datasets will be used to inform the programme on the properties of the ocean, sea ice and atmosphere and on interactions between them.
A cluster of 6 deep ocean moorings in the Orkney Passage will collect year round series of AABW temperatre and transport. This work connects to the NERC funded project Dynamics of the Orkney Passage Outflow (DYNOPO).
The UK Earth System model (UKESM) and underlying physical model will be used to conduct analyses of heat and carbon uptake and transport by the Southern Ocean and their links to wider climate on decadal timescales.
An eddy-resolving (1/12°) sector model of the ocean south of 30°S with 75 vertical levels, will be built using the NEMO model coupled to the Los Alamos sea ice (CICE) model. The improvements on the ocean boundary layer will be based from the results from the NERC-funded OSMOSIS project and the inclusion of tides.
20-5 year runs of an adjoint model will be conducted to determine how key forcings and model states affect the uptake and subduction of heat and carbon by the ocean.
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Data Activity
Start Date (yyyy-mm-dd) | 2019-03-10 |
End Date (yyyy-mm-dd) | 2019-03-10 |
Organization Undertaking Activity | British Antarctic Survey |
Country of Organization | United Kingdom |
Originator's Data Activity Identifier | JR18005_CTD_CTD061 |
Platform Category | lowered unmanned submersible |
BODC Sample Metadata Report for JR18005_CTD_CTD061
Sample reference number | Nominal collection volume(l) | Bottle rosette position | Bottle firing sequence number | Minimum pressure sampled (dbar) | Maximum pressure sampled (dbar) | Depth of sampling point (m) | Bottle type | Sample quality flag | Bottle reference | Comments |
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1712099 | 12.00 | 24 | 9.60 | Lever Action Niskin Bottle | No problem reported | |||||
1712102 | 12.00 | 18 | 152.50 | Lever Action Niskin Bottle | No problem reported | |||||
1712105 | 12.00 | 7 | 1998.00 | Lever Action Niskin Bottle | No problem reported | |||||
1712108 | 12.00 | 5 | 3064.90 | Lever Action Niskin Bottle | No problem reported | |||||
1712111 | 12.00 | 4 | 3115.40 | Lever Action Niskin Bottle | No problem reported | |||||
1713065 | 12.00 | 12 | 800.80 | Lever Action Niskin Bottle | No problem reported | |||||
1713068 | 12.00 | 9 | 1499.10 | Lever Action Niskin Bottle | No problem reported | |||||
1713071 | 12.00 | 6 | 2494.90 | Lever Action Niskin Bottle | No problem reported | |||||
1713074 | 12.00 | 3 | 3165.90 | Lever Action Niskin Bottle | No problem reported | |||||
1713956 | 12.00 | 14 | 402.70 | Lever Action Niskin Bottle | No problem reported | |||||
1714874 | 12.00 | 23 | 28.00 | Lever Action Niskin Bottle | No problem reported | |||||
1715777 | 12.00 | 22 | 53.90 | Lever Action Niskin Bottle | No problem reported | |||||
1715780 | 12.00 | 19 | 103.60 | Lever Action Niskin Bottle | No problem reported | |||||
1715783 | 12.00 | 16 | 203.30 | Lever Action Niskin Bottle | No problem reported | |||||
1715786 | 12.00 | 15 | 302.90 | Lever Action Niskin Bottle | No problem reported | |||||
1715789 | 12.00 | 11 | 1001.00 | Lever Action Niskin Bottle | No problem reported | |||||
1715792 | 12.00 | 10 | 1249.50 | Lever Action Niskin Bottle | No problem reported | |||||
1716677 | 12.00 | 21 | 78.80 | Lever Action Niskin Bottle | No problem reported | |||||
1716680 | 12.00 | 17 | 153.40 | Lever Action Niskin Bottle | No problem reported | |||||
1716683 | 12.00 | 8 | 1748.90 | Lever Action Niskin Bottle | No problem reported | |||||
1716686 | 12.00 | 1 | 3277.80 | Lever Action Niskin Bottle | No problem reported | |||||
1717631 | 12.00 | 20 | 103.80 | Lever Action Niskin Bottle | No problem reported | |||||
1717634 | 12.00 | 13 | 601.90 | Lever Action Niskin Bottle | No problem reported | |||||
1717637 | 12.00 | 2 | 3215.40 | Lever Action Niskin Bottle | No problem reported |
Please note:the supplied parameters may not have been sampled from all the bottle firings described in the table above. Cross-match the Sample Reference Number above against the SAMPRFNM value in the data file to identify the relevant metadata.
Related Data Activity activities are detailed in Appendix 1
Cruise
Cruise Name | JR18005 |
Departure Date | 2019-02-21 |
Arrival Date | 2019-04-15 |
Principal Scientist(s) | Andrew J S Meijers (British Antarctic Survey) |
Ship | RRS James Clark Ross |
Complete Cruise Metadata Report is available here
Fixed Station Information
No Fixed Station Information held for the Series
BODC Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
Flag | Description |
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Blank | Unqualified |
< | Below detection limit |
> | In excess of quoted value |
A | Taxonomic flag for affinis (aff.) |
B | Beginning of CTD Down/Up Cast |
C | Taxonomic flag for confer (cf.) |
D | Thermometric depth |
E | End of CTD Down/Up Cast |
G | Non-taxonomic biological characteristic uncertainty |
H | Extrapolated value |
I | Taxonomic flag for single species (sp.) |
K | Improbable value - unknown quality control source |
L | Improbable value - originator's quality control |
M | Improbable value - BODC quality control |
N | Null value |
O | Improbable value - user quality control |
P | Trace/calm |
Q | Indeterminate |
R | Replacement value |
S | Estimated value |
T | Interpolated value |
U | Uncalibrated |
W | Control value |
X | Excessive difference |
SeaDataNet Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
Flag | Description |
---|---|
0 | no quality control |
1 | good value |
2 | probably good value |
3 | probably bad value |
4 | bad value |
5 | changed value |
6 | value below detection |
7 | value in excess |
8 | interpolated value |
9 | missing value |
A | value phenomenon uncertain |
B | nominal value |
Q | value below limit of quantification |
Appendix 1: JR18005_CTD_CTD061
Related series for this Data Activity are presented in the table below. Further information can be found by following the appropriate links.
If you are interested in these series, please be aware we offer a multiple file download service. Should your credentials be insufficient for automatic download, the service also offers a referral to our Enquiries Officer who may be able to negotiate access.
Series Identifier | Data Category | Start date/time | Start position | Cruise |
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2075359 | Water sample data | 2019-03-10 09:04:00 | 60.79723 S, 27.42559 W | RRS James Clark Ross JR18005 |
2076338 | Water sample data | 2019-03-10 09:04:00 | 60.79723 S, 27.42559 W | RRS James Clark Ross JR18005 |