Resources

FS Poseidon PO311

Cruise summary report

Cruise Info. 
Ship name (ship code)FS Poseidon (06PO)
Cruise identifierPO311
Cruise period2004-04-29 — 2004-05-24
StatusCompleted
Port of departureSanta Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Port of returnSanta Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
PurposeResearch
ObjectivesBetween the 24th April and 26th May 2004 Plymouth Marine Laboratory in collaboration with scientists from NIWA, New Zealand, Laboratoire Arago, France and University of East Anglia conducted a two-ship exercise using RRS Charles Darwin (see Charles Darwin cruise CD156) and RV Poseidon to test the hypothesis that:
The supply of, and the interaction between iron and phosphorous control biological activity and fluxes in the subtropical North Atlantic.

An experimental area in international waters to the west of the Canary Islands was selected following an intense period of vertical and horizontal mapping by the Charles Darwin. Using SF6 as a tracer for amended waters, two separate experiments were performed:
The first (5th - 15th May) involved the addition of 20 tonnes of anhydrous monosodium phosphate at 10 m depth over an area of approximately 25 km2, centered at 27.8degN 23.3deg;
The second experiment was conducted following a mid-cruise return by the Poseidon to Tenerife between 16th May and 22nd May, at 27.5degN 22.5degW. 5 tonnes of acidified iron sulphate were added over the first 12 hours, then following a brief recovery period, 20 tonnes of phosphate added over the top of the iron.

Measurements of nutrient chemistry, gas exchange and biological activity were monitored prior to and after deployment (IN stations) of the fertilised patches relative to several (OUT) control stations.
Chief scientistAndrew Rees (Plymouth Marine Laboratory)
ProjectFEEP
Cruise reportFS Poseidon PO311 cruise report poseidon311_04.pdf (1.02 MB) 
Ocean/sea areas 
GeneralNorth East Atlantic Ocean (limit 40W)
Specificsubtropical North-East Atlantic to the west of the Canary Islands
Measurements 
Physical oceanography 
CTD stationsQuantity: number of profiles = 127
Description: 12 bottle rosette, Seabird 911 CTD unit, Dr Haardt Fluorimeter Beckmann/YSI Oxygen probe.
Geochemical tracers (eg freons)Quantity: number of measurements = 210
Description: Onboard GC analysis of SF6 concentration following deliberate release to surface waters.
Chemical oceanography 
OxygenQuantity: number of samples = 135
Description: Water for winkler dissolved oxygen concentration for calibration of the CTDs SBE oxygen sensors.
Carbon dioxideQuantity: number of samples = 55
Description: Water for coulometric determination of dissolved inorganic carbon
PhosphateQuantity: number of samples = 100
Description: Water for nutrient analysis on samples collected during experimental procedures using Technicon AA2 AutoAnalyser
PhosphateQuantity: number of samples = 350
Description: Water for nutrient analysis on samples collected from CTD bottles using Technicon AA2 AutoAnalyser
NitrateQuantity: number of samples = 350
Description: Water for nutrient analysis on samples collected from CTD bottles using Technicon AA2 AutoAnalyser
NitrateQuantity: number of samples = 240
Description: Water samples from 1% and 55% sPAR underwent deck incubations with 15NO2. Samples were then filtered, treated with a cadmium column for NO3 reduction to NO2, derivitised and the NO2- collected by solid phase extraction.
NitrateQuantity: number of samples = 100
Description: Water for nutrient analysis on samples collected during experimental procedures using Technicon AA2 AutoAnalyser
NitriteQuantity: number of samples = 350
Description: Water for nutrient analysis on samples collected from CTD bottles using Technicon AA2 AutoAnalyser
NitriteQuantity: number of samples = 480
Description: Water samples from 1% and 55% sPAR underwent deck incubations with 15N02. Samples were then filtered, derivitised and the NO3- collected by solid phase extraction.
NitriteQuantity: number of samples = 100
Description: Water for nutrient analysis on samples collected during experimental procedures using Technicon AA2 AutoAnalyser
AmmoniaQuantity: number of samples = 330
Description: Water for ammonium analysis on samples collected from CTD bottles using manual method and analysed onboard using a flurometer.
AmmoniaQuantity: number of samples = 360
Description: Water samples from 1% and 55% sPAR underwent deck incubations with 15NH4 Samples were then filtered, derivitised and the NH4+ collected by solid phase extraction.
AmmoniaQuantity: number of samples = 96
Description: Filtered seawater for 15 N ammonium uptake in experimental bottles (size fractionated ammonium regeneration experiments). Mass Spec analysis in laboratory.
AmmoniaQuantity: number of samples = 144
Description: Filtered seawater for 15 N ammonium regeneration onto C18 GCMS columns from experimental bottles (size fractionated ammonium regeneration experiments). Analysis by GCMS in laboratory.
SilicateQuantity: number of samples = 350
Description: Water for nutrient analysis on samples collected from CTD bottles using Technicon AA2 AutoAnalyser
SilicateQuantity: number of samples = 100
Description: Water for nutrient analysis on samples collected during experimental procedures using Technicon AA2 AutoAnalyser
RadioactivityQuantity: number of samples = 250
Description: Microbial phosphate uptake measurements based on radio-isotope (33P) labelling experiments (dawn to dusk) using on-deck incubators & cubitanor experiments. Includes size-fractionation at two depths.
RadioactivityQuantity: number of samples = 250
Description: Primary production measurements based on radio-isotope (14C) phytoplankton labelling experiments (dawn to dusk) using on-deck incubators & cubitanor experiments. Includes size-fractionation at two depths.
IsotopesQuantity: number of samples = 160
Description: Filtered seawater for 15N natural abundance measurements. Mass Spec analysis in laboratory
IsotopesQuantity: number of samples = 200
Description: 15N-N2 nitrogen fixation incubations. These were filtered and the filters retained Mass spec analysis at a later date.
IsotopesQuantity: number of samples = 144
Description: Filtered seawater for 15 N ammonium regeneration onto C18 GCMS columns from experimental bottles (size fractionated ammonium regeneration experiments). Analysis by GCMS in laboratory.
IsotopesQuantity: number of samples = 96
Description: Filtered seawater for 15 N ammonium uptake in experimental bottles (size fractionated ammonium regeneration experiments). Mass Spec analysis in laboratory.
Other chemical oceanographic measurementsQuantity: number of samples = 6
Description: Water samples filtered through 0.2 um filters and incubated for 10 hr for determination of photochemical consumption of oxygen.
Biology and fisheries 
Primary productivityQuantity: number of samples = 250
Description: Water samples for gross primary production, community respiration and net community production rate measuremens after 24 h deck incubations.
Primary productivityQuantity: number of measurements = 150
Description: Acetylene for a reduction experiment using FID-GC to determine nitrogen fixation in surface waters.
Primary productivityQuantity: number of samples = 200
Description: 15N-N2 nitrogen fixation incubations. These were filtered and the filters retained Mass spec analysis at a later date.
Primary productivityQuantity: number of samples = 250
Description: Microbial phosphate uptake measurements based on radio-isotope (33P) labelling experiments (dawn to dusk) using on-deck incubators & cubitanor experiments. Includes size-fractionation at two depths.
Primary productivityQuantity: number of samples = 160
Description: Filtered seawater for 15N natural abundance measurements. Mass Spec analysis in laboratory
Primary productivityQuantity: number of samples = 250
Description: Primary production measurements based on radio-isotope (14C) phytoplankton labelling experiments (dawn to dusk) using on-deck incubators & cubitanor experiments. Includes size-fractionation at two depths.
Phytoplankton pigs (eg chlorophyll, fluorescence)Quantity: number of samples = 40
Description: Periodic chlorophyll-a samples to support various deck incubation experiments. Pigment extracted in 90% acetone
Phytoplankton pigs (eg chlorophyll, fluorescence)Quantity: number of samples = 108
Description: Chlorophyll-a samples collected from experimental bottles (microzooplankton dilution experiments and size fractionated ammonium regeneration experiments) and frozen for later analysis.
PhytoplanktonQuantity: number of samples = 220
Description: Filtration of 9 litres seawater from 5 depths in surface 40 m onto 0.2ul sterivex filters for DNA extraction for analysis of nifH and bacterial diversity. Stored at -20degC for lab analysis.
PhytoplanktonQuantity: number of samples = 320
Description: Water samples fixed in Lugol's iodine 2% from the CTD casts for the later enumeration of phytoplankton and microzooplankton.
PhytoplanktonQuantity: number of samples = 70
Description: Video observations of successful hauls
ZooplanktonQuantity: number of hauls = 32
Description: Size fractionated zooplankton samples were frozen for biomass, enzyme activity and stable isotopes analysis.
ZooplanktonQuantity: number of hauls = 17
Description: 17 grazing experiments on Pleurommama sp. were set up on board to determine its diet.
ZooplanktonQuantity: number of hauls = 44
Description: Zooplankton was frozen for gut contents analysis by fluorescence at 44 stations - 10 gut evacuation rate experiments were conducted in parallel.
ZooplanktonQuantity: number of hauls = 44
Description: Zooplankton for biomass and community description were fixed in buffered formaldehyde 4%. Samples collected from 200 to 0 m with a 200 um mesh net on 44 stations
ZooplanktonQuantity: number of samples = 36
Description: Epifluorescence staining of filters from filtration of seawater samples from experimental bottles (microzooplankton dilution experiments and size fractionated ammonium regeneration experiments) for later enumeration of flagellates by microscopy.
ZooplanktonQuantity: number of samples = 108
Description: Water samples fixed in Lugol's iodine 2% from experimental bottles (microzooplankton dilution experiments and size fractionated ammonium regeneration experiments) for the later enumeration of microzooplankton.
ZooplanktonQuantity: number of samples = 72
Description: Epifluorescence staining of filters from filtration of seawater samples collected from CTD casts for later enumeration of flagellates by microscopy
ZooplanktonQuantity: number of samples = 320
Description: Water samples fixed in Lugol's iodine 2% from the CTD casts for the later enumeration of phytoplankton and microzooplankton.
Pelagic bacteria/micro-organismsQuantity: number of measurements = 150
Description: Acetylene for a reduction experiment using FID-GC to determine nitrogen fixation in surface waters.
Pelagic bacteria/micro-organismsQuantity: number of samples = 220
Description: 2 ml volume for picoplankton abundance estimates from analyses of fixed samples (paraformaldehyde 1%) from the CTD casts. Analysis by flow cytometry in laboratory.
Pelagic bacteria/micro-organismsQuantity: number of stations = 250
Description: Heterotrophic bacterial production measurements from 6 depths using radiolabelled tracers (including cubitanor deck incubations)
Pelagic bacteria/micro-organismsQuantity: number of samples = 200
Description: 15N-N2 nitrogen fixation incubations. These were filtered and the filters retained Mass spec analysis at a later date.
Pelagic bacteria/micro-organismsQuantity: number of samples = 160
Description: Filtered seawater for 15N natural abundance measurements. Mass Spec analysis in laboratory
Pelagic bacteria/micro-organismsQuantity: number of samples = 250
Description: Microbial phosphate uptake measurements based on radio-isotope (33P) labelling experiments (dawn to dusk) using on-deck incubators & cubitanor experiments. Includes size-fractionation at two depths.
Pelagic bacteria/micro-organismsQuantity: number of samples = 144
Description: Water for picoplankton abundance estimates from analyses of fixed samples (paraformaldehyde 1%) from experimental bottles (microzooplankton dilution experiments and size fractionated ammonium regeneration experiments). Analysis by flow cytometry in laboratory.
Data held at BODC Get data
Series/Profiles 
93  Bottle station
Reference numbers
Nitrite concentration parameters in the water column
Phosphate concentration parameters in the water column
Vertical spatial coordinates
Silicate concentration parameters in the water column
Nitrate concentration parameters in the water column
Quality control flags
Reference numbers
Nitrite concentration parameters in the water column
Phosphate concentration parameters in the water column
Vertical spatial coordinates
Silicate concentration parameters in the water column
Nitrate concentration parameters in the water column
Quality control flags

BODC idDate/TimeLocationDoc.
12665082004-05-04 03:45 27° 47' 8" N  23° 19' 7" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266508
12665212004-05-04 04:14 27° 47' 6" N  23° 19' 6" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266521
12667782004-05-08 04:11 27° 42' 2" N  23° 15' 5" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266778
12669632004-05-15 03:36 27° 36' 34" N  23° 16' 5" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266963
12670752004-05-17 03:05 27° 33' 6" N  22° 29' 8" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267075
12673882004-05-21 09:08 27° 38' 59" N  22° 23' 6" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267388
12671432004-05-18 03:13 27° 35' 6" N  22° 23' 8" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267143
12671922004-05-18 13:10 27° 33' 34" N  22° 32' 5" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267192
12673152004-05-20 09:10 27° 39' 0" N  22° 16' 7" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267315
12674192004-05-22 03:23 27° 41' 8" N  22° 6' 5" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267419
12666252004-05-06 03:31 27° 46' 4" N  23° 16' 2" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266625
12666372004-05-06 04:01 27° 46' 0" N  23° 16' 0" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266637
12666492004-05-06 04:45 27° 45' 6" N  23° 15' 34" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266649
12666742004-05-06 15:18 27° 44' 34" N  23° 23' 8" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266674
12667422004-05-07 14:40 27° 44' 7" N  23° 13' 7" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266742
12668582004-05-09 04:43 27° 30' 0" N  23° 11' 4" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266858
12669022004-05-10 03:49 27° 39' 1" N  23° 14' 5" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266902
12670022004-05-15 13:55 27° 36' 8" N  22° 49' 36" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267002
12670142004-05-16 03:06 27° 32' 3" N  22° 34' 2" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267014
12670382004-05-16 03:58 27° 32' 0" N  22° 33' 6" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267038
12673402004-05-21 03:10 27° 38' 8" N  22° 23' 5" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267340
12664652004-05-03 04:30 27° 47' 8" N  23° 20' 6" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266465
12664772004-05-03 05:03 27° 47' 8" N  23° 20' 7" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266477
12665702004-05-05 05:36 27° 46' 6" N  23° 17' 6" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266570
12666622004-05-06 14:34 27° 44' 34" N  23° 23' 7" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266662
12667052004-05-07 04:14 27° 44' 7" N  23° 23' 2" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266705
12667662004-05-08 03:43 27° 42' 2" N  23° 15' 5" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266766
12667912004-05-08 04:49 27° 42' 2" N  23° 15' 3" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266791
12668462004-05-09 04:14 27° 30' 2" N  23° 11' 34" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266846
12669752004-05-15 03:59 27° 36' 7" N  23° 16' 4" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266975
12671062004-05-17 04:30 27° 33' 5" N  22° 29' 4" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267106
12671312004-05-17 13:09 27° 33' 2" N  22° 27' 34" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267131
12673762004-05-21 04:22 27° 38' 59" N  22° 23' 3" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267376
12664902004-05-04 03:11 27° 48' 1" N  23° 20' 0" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266490
12666132004-05-06 03:02 27° 46' 8" N  23° 16' 5" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266613
12667542004-05-08 03:09 27° 42' 2" N  23° 15' 7" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266754
12669872004-05-15 04:27 27° 36' 4" N  23° 16' 4" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266987
12669992004-05-15 10:01 27° 36' 8" N  23° 16' 3" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266999
12671552004-05-18 03:45 27° 35' 4" N  22° 23' 5" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267155
12671792004-05-18 04:41 27° 35' 2" N  22° 23' 2" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267179
12672352004-05-19 04:09 27° 34' 7" N  22° 32' 6" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267235
12673522004-05-21 03:38 27° 38' 8" N  22° 23' 4" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267352
12665332004-05-04 04:50 27° 48' 1" N  23° 20' 0" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266533
12665822004-05-05 06:05 27° 46' 2" N  23° 17' 4" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266582
12666862004-05-07 03:17 27° 45' 0" N  23° 23' 7" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266686
12667292004-05-07 09:48 27° 44' 8" N  23° 23' 6" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266729
12668102004-05-08 13:47 27° 30' 0" N  23° 13' 4" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266810
12668342004-05-09 03:41 27° 30' 4" N  23° 12' 5" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266834
12669142004-05-10 04:17 27° 39' 1" N  23° 14' 2" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266914
12669512004-05-15 03:07 27° 37' 0" N  23° 16' 4" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266951
12671672004-05-18 04:07 27° 35' 3" N  22° 23' 3" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267167
12671802004-05-18 09:26 27° 34' 34" N  22° 23' 3" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267180
12673032004-05-20 05:03 27° 39' 6" N  22° 16' 2" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267303
12673392004-05-20 13:13 27° 38' 4" N  22° 21' 34" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267339
12674202004-05-22 03:54 27° 41' 6" N  22° 6' 5" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267420
12665452004-05-04 12:42 27° 48' 2" N  23° 19' 35" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266545
12666012004-05-05 13:15 27° 46' 8" N  23° 18' 3" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266601
12666502004-05-06 09:48 27° 45' 2" N  23° 16' 9" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266650
12667302004-05-07 13:50 27° 44' 6" N  23° 13' 6" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266730
12668092004-05-08 09:38 27° 40' 0" N  23° 13' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266809
12668952004-05-10 03:15 27° 39' 2" N  23° 15' 0" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266895
12669382004-05-10 13:28 27° 40' 34" N  22° 56' 5" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266938
12670512004-05-16 04:24 27° 32' 0" N  22° 33' 3" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267051
12670872004-05-17 03:36 27° 33' 5" N  22° 29' 5" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267087
12672472004-05-19 04:33 27° 34' 8" N  22° 32' 6" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267247
12672962004-05-20 04:40 27° 39' 5" N  22° 16' 4" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267296
12673272004-05-20 09:47 27° 38' 59" N  22° 16' 6" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267327
12674072004-05-21 11:35 27° 40' 5" N  22° 12' 9" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267407
12664532004-05-03 04:03 27° 47' 8" N  23° 20' 7" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266453
12664892004-05-03 11:57 27° 48' 6" N  23° 19' 35" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266489
12665942004-05-05 11:48 27° 46' 4" N  23° 18' 3" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266594
12667172004-05-07 04:43 27° 44' 4" N  23° 22' 38" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266717
12668222004-05-09 03:09 27° 30' 6" N  23° 12' 7" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266822
12668712004-05-09 09:21 27° 29' 4" N  23° 12' 6" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266871
12668832004-05-09 13:12 27° 41' 34" N  23° 12' 2" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266883
12669262004-05-10 04:46 27° 38' 59" N  23° 13' 34" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266926
12670262004-05-16 03:35 27° 32' 2" N  22° 33' 8" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267026
12672592004-05-19 09:10 27° 34' 2" N  22° 33' 6" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267259
12672602004-05-19 13:30 27° 40' 7" N  22° 16' 2" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267260
12672722004-05-20 03:49 27° 39' 2" N  22° 16' 7" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267272
12664412004-05-03 03:30 27° 47' 8" N  23° 20' 7" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266441
12665572004-05-05 04:25 27° 48' 0" N  23° 17' 4" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266557
12665692004-05-05 04:57 27° 47' 6" N  23° 17' 3" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266569
12666982004-05-07 03:47 27° 44' 8" N  23° 23' 3" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1266698
12670632004-05-16 15:18 27° 33' 1" N  22° 32' 33" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267063
12670992004-05-17 04:01 27° 33' 3" N  22° 29' 3" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267099
12671182004-05-17 09:15 27° 37' 9" N  22° 28' 0" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267118
12672112004-05-19 03:17 27° 34' 3" N  22° 32' 6" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267211
12672232004-05-19 03:46 27° 34' 5" N  22° 33' 6" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267223
12672842004-05-20 04:17 27° 39' 3" N  22° 16' 5" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267284
12673642004-05-21 04:00 27° 38' 59" N  22° 23' 3" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267364
12674442004-05-22 04:35 27° 41' 8" N  22° 6' 6" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267444
12674322004-05-22 04:12 27° 41' 8" N  22° 6' 6" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1267432
Discrete samples 
8  Atmospheric air sampling pumpSulphur species concentrations in the atmosphere
Metal concentrations in the atmosphere
Concentrations of carboxylic acids and carboxylates in the atmosphere
Inorganic phosphorus species concentrations in the atmosphere
Concentration of inorganic halogens in the atmosphere
Concentration of nitrogen species in the atmosphere
127  CTD frame plus rosette samplerParticulate total and organic nitrogen concentrations in the water column
Nitrite concentration parameters in the water column
Dissolved oxygen parameters in the water column
Phosphate concentration parameters in the water column
Salinity of the water column
Temperature of the water column
Silicate concentration parameters in the water column
Density of the water column
Raw fluorometer output
Nitrate concentration parameters in the water column
Electrical conductivity of the water column
New production in water bodies