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RRS Discovery D320
Cruise summary report
Cruise Info. | |||||||||||||
Ship name (ship code) | RRS Discovery (74E3) | ||||||||||||
Cruise identifier | D320 | ||||||||||||
Cruise period | 2007-06-16 — 2007-07-18 | ||||||||||||
Status | Completed | ||||||||||||
Port of departure | Falmouth, United Kingdom | ||||||||||||
Port of return | Govan, United Kingdom | ||||||||||||
Purpose | Research | ||||||||||||
Objectives | The overall aim of the UKSOLAS project DOGEE-SOLAS is the parameterization of air-sea gas exchange, which is a currently a major uncertainty in global modelling. RRS Discovery cruise D320 thus was primarily concerned with the measurement of air-sea gas transfer velocities and some of the important physical parameters that influence them through contributing to near surface turbulence, and other processes. In brief, specific cruise objectives were:
1. Determine open ocean gas transfer velocities through a number of dual-tracer releases (3He & SF6). 2. Investigate the role of surfactant in gas exchange through a targeted surfactant release in conjunction with (1). 3. Determine CO2 fluxes and transfer velocities, and make associated hydrographic and turbulence related measurements from autonomous ASIS (Air-Sea Interaction Spar) buoys. 4. Measure air-sea fluxes of CO2, sensible heat, latent heat and momentum using the AUTOFLUX automated sensor array 5. Measure underway, total gas tension, dissolved O2, and CO2 to obtain independent air-sea gas exchange estimates. 6. Make covariance and gas budgeting estimates of air-sea gas exchange using intelligent profiling Lagrangian floats. 7. Independently determine DMS fluxes and gas transfer velocities for comparison with CO2 to examine the role of gas solubility in gas transfer. 8. Deploy a spar buoy (NOC) for measurement of wave heights and bubble properties 9. Record and measure whitecap coverage and wave breaking coincident with the air-sea flux measurements using ship mounted cameras 10. Record key meteorological variables 11. Quantify flow distortion biases in the direct flux measurements via the use of established models. 12. Make biogas, surfactant and bacterial measurements in the surface microlayer and in the uppermost metres of the ocean using surface microlayer samplers, a remotely operated catamaran, and a near surface sampler. 13. Deploy an autonomous powered profiler (ASIP) for turbulence-related measurements in the mixed layer. Objectives 1-12 were all met. Unfortunately, due to mechanical failure and loss of ASIP, objective 13 was not realised. | ||||||||||||
Chief scientist | Robert Upstill-Goddard (Newcastle University School of Marine Science and Technology) | ||||||||||||
Project | UK SOLAS | ||||||||||||
Coordinating body | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) | ||||||||||||
Cruise report | (6.11 MB) | ||||||||||||
Ocean/sea areas | |||||||||||||
General | North East Atlantic Ocean (limit 40W) | ||||||||||||
Specific | Atlantic west of Iberian Peninsula and Ireland | ||||||||||||
Track charts | (0.02 MB) | ||||||||||||
Measurements | |||||||||||||
Physical oceanography | |||||||||||||
CTD stations | Quantity: number of stations = 25 Description: Vertical CTD casts (mixed layer, 150-300m): 3He tracer: collected for post-cruise analysis (on-shore mass spectrometry) due to failure of cruise objectives | ||||||||||||
Geochemical tracers (eg freons) | Quantity: number of stations = 44 Description: Vertical CTD casts (mixed layer, 150-300m): SF6 tracer by electron capture detection gas chromatography. | ||||||||||||
Chemical oceanography | |||||||||||||
Oxygen | Quantity: activity duration in days = 30 Description: Underway (5m) dissolved O2, dissolved CO2, total gas tension, temperature and salinity. | ||||||||||||
Carbon dioxide | Quantity: activity duration in days = 33 Description: Ship-mounted continuous underway surface pCO2 by gas equilibration/LICOR detection: CASIX system. | ||||||||||||
Carbon dioxide | Quantity: activity duration in days = 30 Description: Underway (5m) dissolved O2, dissolved CO2, total gas tension, temperature and salinity. | ||||||||||||
Other dissolved gases | Quantity: activity duration in days = 30 Description: Underway (5m) dissolved O2, dissolved CO2, total gas tension, temperature and salinity. | ||||||||||||
Other dissolved gases | Quantity: activity duration in days = 33 Description: Underway measurements of DMS surface water concentrations | ||||||||||||
Other dissolved gases | Quantity: activity duration in days = 30 Description: Mass spectrometric measurements of DMS sea-to-air fluxes by eddy covariance | ||||||||||||
Total - P | Quantity: activity duration in days = 22 Description: Underway continuous (every 4 min.) measurements of surface (6m) SF6 tracer by electron capture detection gas chromatography | ||||||||||||
Other chemical oceanographic measurements | Quantity: activity duration in days = 30 Description: Surfactant activity: surface sampling | ||||||||||||
Other chemical oceanographic measurements | Quantity: activity duration in days = 30 Description: Continuous meteorological data and CO2 fluxes by AUTOFLUX system | ||||||||||||
Moorings, landers, buoys | |||||||||||||
Physical oceanography | |||||||||||||
Subsurface temperature measurements | 42° 35' 24" N 16° 9' 53" W — Surface Argos/RF drifter/drogue/thermistor chain: position location for gaseous tracer patch. Recovered. | ||||||||||||
Subsurface temperature measurements | 43° 37' 30" N 18° 3' 0" W — Surface Argos/RF drifter with drogue/thermistor chain: position location for gaseous tracer patch. Recovered | ||||||||||||
Current meters | 43° 21' 54" N 17° 59' 35" W — ASIS (II) spar buoy: CO2, turbulence, hydrographic and meteorological parameters. Recovered | ||||||||||||
Current meters | 43° 47' 35" N 18° 16' 41" W — ASIS (I) spar buoy: CO2, turbulence, hydrographic and meteorological parameters. Recovered | ||||||||||||
Surface drifters/drifting buoys | 43° 37' 30" N 18° 3' 0" W — Surface Argos/RF drifter with drogue/thermistor chain: position location for gaseous tracer patch. Recovered | ||||||||||||
Surface drifters/drifting buoys | 42° 35' 24" N 16° 9' 53" W — Surface Argos/RF drifter/drogue/thermistor chain: position location for gaseous tracer patch. Recovered. | ||||||||||||
Surface drifters/drifting buoys | 42° 21' 59" N 16° 3' 59" W — Surface Argos/RF drifter with drogue: position location for gaseous tracer patch. Recovered. | ||||||||||||
Surface drifters/drifting buoys | 42° 42' 0" N 17° 41' 59" W — ASIP near surface profiler: turbulence parameters. Lost. | ||||||||||||
Surface drifters/drifting buoys | 42° 41' 47" N 17° 42' 29" W — Surface Argos/RF drifter with drogue: position location for gaseous tracer patch. Recovered. | ||||||||||||
Surface drifters/drifting buoys | 42° 35' 53" N 16° 7' 47" W — Surface Argos/RF drifter with drogue: position location for gaseous tracer patch. Recovered. | ||||||||||||
Surface drifters/drifting buoys | 43° 25' 41" N 17° 51' 0" W — Surface Argos/RF drifter with drogue: position location for gaseous tracer patch. Recovered | ||||||||||||
Surface drifters/drifting buoys | 43° 31' 35" N 18° 0' 29" W — Surface Argos/RF drifter/drogue/thermistor chain: position location for gaseous tracer patch. Recovered | ||||||||||||
Surface drifters/drifting buoys | 42° 18' 53" N 17° 46' 48" W — Surface Argos/RF drifter with drogue: position location for gaseous tracer patch. Recovered. | ||||||||||||
Neutrally buoyant floats | 42° 31' 59" N 16° 14' 47" W — Neutrally buoyant float for oxygen, nitrogen, salinity and temperature measurements for use in air-sea flux calculations. Recovered. | ||||||||||||
Neutrally buoyant floats | 43° 23' 59" N 18° 18' 0" W — Neutrally buoyant float for oxygen, nitrogen, salinity and temperature measurements for use in air-sea flux calculations. Recovered | ||||||||||||
Neutrally buoyant floats | 43° 47' 35" N 18° 16' 41" W — Neutrally buoyant float for oxygen, nitrogen, salinity and temperature measurements for use in air-sea flux calculations. Recovered | ||||||||||||
Instrumented wave measurements | 43° 21' 54" N 17° 59' 35" W — ASIS (II) spar buoy: CO2, turbulence, hydrographic and meteorological parameters. Recovered | ||||||||||||
Instrumented wave measurements | 43° 13' 17" N 17° 44' 17" W — NOC Spar buoy: wave wire and acoustic bubble data. Recovered. | ||||||||||||
Instrumented wave measurements | 43° 47' 35" N 18° 16' 41" W — ASIS (I) spar buoy: CO2, turbulence, hydrographic and meteorological parameters. Recovered | ||||||||||||
Instrumented wave measurements | 42° 34' 53" N 16° 6' 41" W — NOC Spar buoy: wave wire and acoustic bubble data. Recovered. | ||||||||||||
Instrumented wave measurements | 43° 41' 53" N 18° 7' 59" W — NOC Spar buoy: wave wire and acoustic bubble data. Recovered. | ||||||||||||
Instrumented wave measurements | 42° 34' 35" N 16° 33' 41" W — NOC Spar buoy: wave wire and acoustic bubble data. Recovered. | ||||||||||||
Other physical oceanographic measurements | 42° 34' 35" N 16° 33' 41" W — NOC Spar buoy: wave wire and acoustic bubble data. Recovered. | ||||||||||||
Other physical oceanographic measurements | 43° 41' 53" N 18° 7' 59" W — NOC Spar buoy: wave wire and acoustic bubble data. Recovered. | ||||||||||||
Other physical oceanographic measurements | 43° 47' 35" N 18° 16' 41" W — ASIS (I) spar buoy: CO2, turbulence, hydrographic and meteorological parameters. Recovered | ||||||||||||
Other physical oceanographic measurements | 43° 13' 17" N 17° 44' 17" W — NOC Spar buoy: wave wire and acoustic bubble data. Recovered. | ||||||||||||
Other physical oceanographic measurements | 43° 21' 54" N 17° 59' 35" W — ASIS (II) spar buoy: CO2, turbulence, hydrographic and meteorological parameters. Recovered | ||||||||||||
Other physical oceanographic measurements | 42° 34' 53" N 16° 6' 41" W — NOC Spar buoy: wave wire and acoustic bubble data. Recovered. | ||||||||||||
Chemical oceanography | |||||||||||||
Oxygen | 42° 31' 59" N 16° 14' 47" W — Neutrally buoyant float for oxygen, nitrogen, salinity and temperature measurements for use in air-sea flux calculations. Recovered. | ||||||||||||
Oxygen | 43° 47' 35" N 18° 16' 41" W — Neutrally buoyant float for oxygen, nitrogen, salinity and temperature measurements for use in air-sea flux calculations. Recovered | ||||||||||||
Oxygen | 43° 47' 35" N 18° 16' 41" W — ASIS (I) spar buoy: CO2, turbulence, hydrographic and meteorological parameters. Recovered | ||||||||||||
Oxygen | 43° 21' 54" N 17° 59' 35" W — ASIS (II) spar buoy: CO2, turbulence, hydrographic and meteorological parameters. Recovered | ||||||||||||
Oxygen | 43° 23' 59" N 18° 18' 0" W — Neutrally buoyant float for oxygen, nitrogen, salinity and temperature measurements for use in air-sea flux calculations. Recovered | ||||||||||||
Carbon dioxide | 43° 21' 54" N 17° 59' 35" W — ASIS (II) spar buoy: CO2, turbulence, hydrographic and meteorological parameters. Recovered | ||||||||||||
Carbon dioxide | 43° 47' 35" N 18° 16' 41" W — ASIS (I) spar buoy: CO2, turbulence, hydrographic and meteorological parameters. Recovered | ||||||||||||
Other dissolved gases | 42° 42' 23" N 16° 6' 59" W — PML Near Surface Sampler for dissolved gases. Recovered. | ||||||||||||
Other dissolved gases | 42° 27' 17" N 16° 52' 59" W — PML Near Surface Sampler for dissolved gases. Recovered. | ||||||||||||
Other dissolved gases | 42° 31' 59" N 16° 14' 47" W — Neutrally buoyant float for oxygen, nitrogen, salinity and temperature measurements for use in air-sea flux calculations. Recovered. | ||||||||||||
Other dissolved gases | 43° 47' 35" N 18° 16' 41" W — Neutrally buoyant float for oxygen, nitrogen, salinity and temperature measurements for use in air-sea flux calculations. Recovered | ||||||||||||
Other dissolved gases | 41° 42' 23" N 18° 24' 5" W — PML Near Surface Sampler for dissolved gases. Recovered. | ||||||||||||
Other dissolved gases | 41° 51' 29" N 18° 8' 6" W — PML Near Surface Sampler for dissolved gases. Recovered. | ||||||||||||
Other dissolved gases | 43° 23' 59" N 18° 18' 0" W — Neutrally buoyant float for oxygen, nitrogen, salinity and temperature measurements for use in air-sea flux calculations. Recovered | ||||||||||||
Data held at BODC | |||||||||||||
Series/Profiles | |||||||||||||
2 Pumped air sample | Sulphur species concentrations in the atmosphere Reference numbers Horizontal spatial co-ordinates Gas fluxes between the water column and the atmosphere Date and time Sampling parameters Sulphur species concentrations in the atmosphere Reference numbers Horizontal spatial co-ordinates Gas fluxes between the water column and the atmosphere Date and time Sampling parameters
| ||||||||||||
Discrete samples | |||||||||||||
543 All plastic clean surface pumped supply | Organosulphur and organoselenium species concentration parameters in water bodies | ||||||||||||
48 CTD frame plus rosette sampler | Transmittance and attenuance of the water column Organosulphur and organoselenium species concentration parameters in water bodies Optical backscatter Salinity of the water column Temperature of the water column Dissolved oxygen parameters in the water column Visible waveband radiance and irradiance measurements in the water column Density of the water column Raw light meter output Raw suspended particulate material concentration sensor output Electrical conductivity of the water column Raw fluorometer output Chlorophyll pigment concentrations in water bodies | ||||||||||||
62 Sample taken from ship's non-toxic supply | Organosulphur and organoselenium species concentration parameters in water bodies Dissolved oxygen parameters in the water column |