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Hakuho Maru KH09-05 (GI04)

Cruise summary report

Cruise Info. 
Ship name (ship code)Hakuho Maru (49HH)
Cruise identifierKH09-05 (GI04)
Cruise period2009-11-06 — 2010-01-09
StatusCompleted
Port of departureTokyo, Japan
Port of returnCape Town, South Africa
PurposeResearch
ObjectivesThis cruise has been internationally authorized as the first GEOTRACES meridional study in the Indian Ocean. GEOTRACES means an international study of the marine biogeochemical cycles of trace elements and their isotopes (TEIs) in a global scale. The determination of trace elements has recently become a central focus of many research programs that seek information on the biogeochemical processes in the ocean. The study of TEIs has graduated from a curiosity to understand how the chemical diversity of trace elements, in their various redox and chemical speciation states, interacts with the physical and biological processes occurring in the ocean. This is particularly important in the case of micronutrients such as Fe, whose oceanic distributions seem to be a crucial link to climatic processes. Together with other biologically required TEIs, perturbations of their cycles induced by the climate change may have fundamental consequences for the global carbon cycle, which is firmly associated with global climate. Although our knowledge on the behavior of TEIs in the ocean is fairly small at the present stage, recent advances on analytical and clean sampling techniques have just enabled us to get precise information on TEIs in the ocean, which is the powerful background to initiate a new international program, GEOTRACES. As the GEOTRACES initiative in the Indian Ocean, the main study theme of this cruise was marine geochemical observations in the northern (chiefly in the Bengal Bay) and western Indian Ocean from the Arabian Sea to the Antarctic Sea along a meridional line. Our ability to predict the future environmental change caused by the global warming depends upon knowledge on the distribution of biologically important chemical species in the ocean and their exchange flux at the air-sea and sediment-water interfaces. The Indian Ocean occupies a vast area of the world ocean, but little is known about the marine biogeochemical cycles on TEIs. Thus, it is important to understand the role of the Indian Ocean in the global carbon cycle including its temporal variations recorded in marine sediments.
Chief scientistToshitaka Gamo (Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo)
ProjectGEOTRACES -Trace elements and their isotopes in the water column
Coordinating bodyScientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR)
Cruise reportHakuho Maru KH09-05 (GI04) cruise report hakuhomaru_kh-09-5.pdf (2.52 MB) 
Ocean/sea areas 
GeneralIndian Ocean
Track chartsHakuho Maru KH09-05 (GI04) cruise track — hakuhomaru_kh-09-5trk.pdf (1.27 MB) 
Measurements 
Physical oceanography 
BathythermographQuantity: number of stations = 9
Description: Water column measurement using XBTs and XCTDs.
Water bottle stationsQuantity: number of stations = 12
Description: Seawater samples were taken using a Seabird Carousel-32 Multi Bottle water sampling system containing a Seabird SBE-9plus CTD. The system was lowered from sea surface to just above the bottom, attached at the end of Ti- armored cable. Pre-cleaned 12L Niskin-X bottles (Teflon-coated) were used for seawater sampling.
CTD stationsQuantity: number of stations = 9
Description: Water column measurement using XBTs and XCTDs.
CTD stationsQuantity: number of stations = 12
Description: Seawater samples were taken using a Seabird Carousel-32 Multi Bottle water sampling system containing a Seabird SBE-9plus CTD. The system was lowered from sea surface to just above the bottom, attached at the end of Ti- armored cable. Pre-cleaned 12L Niskin-X bottles (Teflon-coated) were used for seawater sampling.
Subsurface temperature and salinity measurementsQuantity: number of stations = 12
Description: Seawater samples were taken using a Seabird Carousel-32 Multi Bottle water sampling system containing a Seabird SBE-9plus CTD. The system was lowered from sea surface to just above the bottom, attached at the end of Ti- armored cable. Pre-cleaned 12L Niskin-X bottles (Teflon-coated) were used for seawater sampling.
Transparency (eg transmissometer)Quantity: number of stations = 12
Description: Seawater samples were taken using a Seabird Carousel-32 Multi Bottle water sampling system containing a Seabird SBE-9plus CTD. The system was lowered from sea surface to just above the bottom, attached at the end of Ti- armored cable. Pre-cleaned 12L Niskin-X bottles (Teflon-coated) were used for seawater sampling.
Chemical oceanography 
OxygenQuantity: number of stations = 12
Description: Seawater samples were taken using a Seabird Carousel-32 Multi Bottle water sampling system containing a Seabird SBE-9plus CTD. The system was lowered from sea surface to just above the bottom, attached at the end of Ti- armored cable. Pre-cleaned 12L Niskin-X bottles (Teflon-coated) were used for seawater sampling.
PhosphateQuantity: number of stations = 12
Description: Seawater samples were taken using a Seabird Carousel-32 Multi Bottle water sampling system containing a Seabird SBE-9plus CTD. The system was lowered from sea surface to just above the bottom, attached at the end of Ti- armored cable. Pre-cleaned 12L Niskin-X bottles (Teflon-coated) were used for seawater sampling.
NitrateQuantity: number of stations = 12
Description: Seawater samples were taken using a Seabird Carousel-32 Multi Bottle water sampling system containing a Seabird SBE-9plus CTD. The system was lowered from sea surface to just above the bottom, attached at the end of Ti- armored cable. Pre-cleaned 12L Niskin-X bottles (Teflon-coated) were used for seawater sampling.
NitriteQuantity: number of stations = 12
Description: Seawater samples were taken using a Seabird Carousel-32 Multi Bottle water sampling system containing a Seabird SBE-9plus CTD. The system was lowered from sea surface to just above the bottom, attached at the end of Ti- armored cable. Pre-cleaned 12L Niskin-X bottles (Teflon-coated) were used for seawater sampling.
SilicateQuantity: number of stations = 12
Description: Seawater samples were taken using a Seabird Carousel-32 Multi Bottle water sampling system containing a Seabird SBE-9plus CTD. The system was lowered from sea surface to just above the bottom, attached at the end of Ti- armored cable. Pre-cleaned 12L Niskin-X bottles (Teflon-coated) were used for seawater sampling.
pHQuantity: number of stations = 12
Description: Seawater samples were taken using a Seabird Carousel-32 Multi Bottle water sampling system containing a Seabird SBE-9plus CTD. The system was lowered from sea surface to just above the bottom, attached at the end of Ti- armored cable. Pre-cleaned 12L Niskin-X bottles (Teflon-coated) were used for seawater sampling.
Trace elementsQuantity: number of stations = 12
Description: Seawater samples were taken using a Seabird Carousel-32 Multi Bottle water sampling system containing a Seabird SBE-9plus CTD. The system was lowered from sea surface to just above the bottom, attached at the end of Ti- armored cable. Pre-cleaned 12L Niskin-X bottles (Teflon-coated) were used for seawater sampling.
Biology and fisheries 
ZooplanktonQuantity: number of stations = 4
Description: Norpac twin plankton nets down to 150 to 200 m depth
Geology and geophysics 
Core - soft bottomQuantity: number of cores = 2
Description: Sediment core samples (~15 m) were taken using a piston corer.
Core - soft bottomQuantity: number of cores = 11
Description: Surface sediment (20~40 cm depth) was taken using a multiple corer.
Multi-beam echosoundingQuantity: number of track lines = 1
Description: Underway geophysical measurements along the ship track
Gravity measurementsQuantity: number of track lines = 1
Description: Underway geophysical measurements along the ship track
Moorings, landers, buoys 
Physical oceanography 
Neutrally buoyant floats30° 0' 5" S  64° 59' 29" E — Argo float
Neutrally buoyant floats44° 19' 59" S  28° 55' 17" E — Argo float
Neutrally buoyant floats37° 45' 23" S  57° 36' 47" E — Argo float
Data held at BODC 
Series/Profiles 
12  CTD/STD cast
Reference numbers
Dissolved oxygen parameters in the water column
Temperature of the water column
Vertical spatial coordinates
Salinity of the water column
Concentration of suspended particulate material in the water column
Density of the water column
Chlorophyll pigment concentrations in water bodies
Reference numbers
Dissolved oxygen parameters in the water column
Temperature of the water column
Vertical spatial coordinates
Salinity of the water column
Concentration of suspended particulate material in the water column
Density of the water column
Chlorophyll pigment concentrations in water bodies

BODC idDate/TimeLocationDoc.
21618262009-12-21 08:26 29° 59' 50" S  64° 59' 58" E  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 2161826
21618752009-11-17 14:57 8° 31' 6" N  86° 1' 33" E  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 2161875
21619312009-12-05 01:03 4° 0' 55" N  68° 59' 48" E  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 2161931
21618512009-12-29 20:48 61° 59' 57" S  40° 5' 58" E  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 2161851
21618992009-11-29 11:16 16° 45' 2" N  68° 59' 37" E  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 2161899
21619432009-12-07 00:53 5° 15' 58" S  67° 54' 15" E  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 2161943
21618142009-12-11 00:26 20° 0' 8" S  72° 32' 49" E  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 2161814
21619062009-11-30 22:58 14° 0' 7" N  68° 59' 55" E  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 2161906
21618632009-11-17 00:09 9° 59' 57" N  88° 1' 20" E  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 2161863
21618872009-11-20 17:09 0° 0' 18" S  80° 0' 23" E  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 2161887
21619182009-12-02 22:54 10° 0' 2" N  68° 44' 59" E  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 2161918
21618382009-12-23 21:16 37° 45' 2" S  57° 36' 54" E  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 2161838
Discrete samples 
97  CTD frame plus rosette samplerTotal dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2) concentration in the water column
Nitrite concentration parameters in the water column
Temperature of the water column
Dissolved oxygen parameters in the water column
Phosphate concentration parameters in the water column
Salinity of the water column
Stable isotopes in water bodies
Silicate concentration parameters in the water column
Ammonium and ammonia concentration parameters in water bodies
Nitrate concentration parameters in the water column
Alkalinity, acidity and pH of the water column
Chlorophyll pigment concentrations in water bodies
Dissolved metal concentrations in the water column
11  Unknown water sampling deviceNitrite concentration parameters in the water column
Temperature of the water column
Dissolved oxygen parameters in the water column
Phosphate concentration parameters in the water column
Salinity of the water column
Stable isotopes in water bodies
Silicate concentration parameters in the water column
Ammonium and ammonia concentration parameters in water bodies
Nitrate concentration parameters in the water column
Alkalinity, acidity and pH of the water column
Chlorophyll pigment concentrations in water bodies