RRS James Cook JC042
Cruise summary report
| Cruise Info. | |
| Ship name (ship code) | RRS James Cook (740H) |
| Cruise identifier | JC042 |
| Cruise period | 2010-01-07 — 2010-02-21 |
| Status | Completed |
| Port of departure | Punta Arenas, Chile |
| Port of return | Montevideo, Uruguay |
| Purpose | Research |
| Objectives | Objectives
(i) Investigate the southern South Georgia site to locate the presence of hydrocarbon seep or exposed methane hydrates. To document any such sites using video and stills and sample the fauna for taxonomic, phylogenetic, reproduction and food web studies using the ROV Isis. To simultaneously document the geological features of any site and sample fluids and sediments for geochemical analyses. (ii) To relocate and document hydrothermal vents at E2 and E9 using video and stills and sample the fauna for taxonomic, phylogenetic, reproduction and food web studies using the ROV Isis both on and off the vent sites. To simultaneously document the geological features of the E2 and E9 vent sites and sample fluids and sediments for geochemical analyses. (iii) To investigate the newly discovered McIntosh Crater using CTD casts to attempt to resolve individual hydrothermal plumes and to survey the crater floor for hydrothermal sites. To document any such sites using video and stills and sample the fauna for taxonomic, phylogenetic, reproduction and food web studies using the ROV Isis. To simultaneously document the geological features of any site and sample fluids and sediments for geochemical analyses. (iv) To return to Douglas Strait and undertake coring studies to study the sediment geochemistry of the caldera. To undertake ROV dives to detect areas of hydrothermal venting or diffuse flow and sample them for fauna and geochemistry as at previous sites. This area was considered as low priority because it was felt that there was little evidence of significant hydrothermal flow at the site. During the cruise, the South Georgia, Scotia Ridge and McIntosh Crater sites were investigated but the Douglas Strait site was not visited because of scientific priorities changing during the cruise. |
| Chief scientist | Alex David Rogers (Zoological Society of London Institute of Zoology) |
| Project | Chemosynthetic Ecosystems of the Southern Ocean (CHESSO) |
| Coordinating body | School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton |
| Cruise report |  (4.23 MB) |
| Ocean/sea areas | |
| General | Southern Ocean |
| Specific | South Georgia Shelf. East Scotia Ridge. South Sandwich Islands. |
| Track charts | (0.18 MB) |
| Measurements | |
| Physical oceanography | |
| CTD stations | Quantity: number of profiles = 20 Description: CTD casts and To-Yos (sometimes mixed). Temperature, salinity and oxygen concentrations. Also transmissometer and redox measured from instruments on CTD. Water samples for dissolved gases (methane), trace metals and bacteria. |
| Chemical oceanography | |
| Oxygen | Quantity: number of samples = 31 Description: Water samples taken with titanium syringes from ROV. Separate sub-samples were collected for (i) refractive index, (ii) alkalinity, (iii) dissolved inorganic carbon and carbon isotopes, (iv) pH, (v) gases (including CH4, CO2 and H2), (vi) anions and silica, (vii) nutrients, (viii) dissolved organic carbon, (ix) O and H isotopes, and (x) bacteria, in that order. The remainder of the sample was emptied into an acid-cleaned 1-L HDPE bottle for analysis of all other constituents, including cations and the transition metals. |
| Oxygen | Quantity: number of profiles = 20 Description: CTD casts and To-Yos (sometimes mixed). Temperature, salinity and oxygen concentrations. Also transmissometer and redox measured from instruments on CTD. Water samples for dissolved gases (methane), trace metals and bacteria. |
| Carbon dioxide | Quantity: number of samples = 17 Description: ROV Niskin bottles. Sampled for dissolved inorganic and organic carbon, methane, trace metals, bacteria and siderophores. |
| Carbon dioxide | Quantity: number of profiles = 20 Description: CTD casts and To-Yos (sometimes mixed). Temperature, salinity and oxygen concentrations. Also transmissometer and redox measured from instruments on CTD. Water samples for dissolved gases (methane), trace metals and bacteria. |
| Other dissolved gases | Quantity: number of profiles = 20 Description: CTD casts and To-Yos (sometimes mixed). Temperature, salinity and oxygen concentrations. Also transmissometer and redox measured from instruments on CTD. Water samples for dissolved gases (methane), trace metals and bacteria. |
| Other dissolved gases | Quantity: number of samples = 17 Description: ROV Niskin bottles. Sampled for dissolved inorganic and organic carbon, methane, trace metals, bacteria and siderophores. |
| Other dissolved gases | Quantity: number of samples = 31 Description: Water samples taken with titanium syringes from ROV. Separate sub-samples were collected for (i) refractive index, (ii) alkalinity, (iii) dissolved inorganic carbon and carbon isotopes, (iv) pH, (v) gases (including CH4, CO2 and H2), (vi) anions and silica, (vii) nutrients, (viii) dissolved organic carbon, (ix) O and H isotopes, and (x) bacteria, in that order. The remainder of the sample was emptied into an acid-cleaned 1-L HDPE bottle for analysis of all other constituents, including cations and the transition metals. |
| Phosphate | Quantity: number of cores = 37 Description: Push Cores from ROV. Sediment and pore water sampled for both on board analyses and analyses in Southampton. Note oceanographic measurements outlined here are for pore water and sediments. |
| Phosphate | Quantity: number of cores = 7 Description: Gravity cores deployed from ship. Note - 5 cores failed. Sediment and pore water sampled for both on board analyses and analyses in Southampton. Note oceanographic measurements outlined here are for pore water and sediments |
| Phosphate | Quantity: number of samples = 31 Description: Water samples taken with titanium syringes from ROV. Separate sub-samples were collected for (i) refractive index, (ii) alkalinity, (iii) dissolved inorganic carbon and carbon isotopes, (iv) pH, (v) gases (including CH4, CO2 and H2), (vi) anions and silica, (vii) nutrients, (viii) dissolved organic carbon, (ix) O and H isotopes, and (x) bacteria, in that order. The remainder of the sample was emptied into an acid-cleaned 1-L HDPE bottle for analysis of all other constituents, including cations and the transition metals. |
| Total - P | Quantity: number of cores = 37 Description: Push Cores from ROV. Sediment and pore water sampled for both on board analyses and analyses in Southampton. Note oceanographic measurements outlined here are for pore water and sediments. |
| Total - P | Quantity: number of cores = 7 Description: Gravity cores deployed from ship. Note - 5 cores failed. Sediment and pore water sampled for both on board analyses and analyses in Southampton. Note oceanographic measurements outlined here are for pore water and sediments |
| Nitrate | Quantity: number of samples = 31 Description: Water samples taken with titanium syringes from ROV. Separate sub-samples were collected for (i) refractive index, (ii) alkalinity, (iii) dissolved inorganic carbon and carbon isotopes, (iv) pH, (v) gases (including CH4, CO2 and H2), (vi) anions and silica, (vii) nutrients, (viii) dissolved organic carbon, (ix) O and H isotopes, and (x) bacteria, in that order. The remainder of the sample was emptied into an acid-cleaned 1-L HDPE bottle for analysis of all other constituents, including cations and the transition metals. |
| Nitrite | Quantity: number of samples = 31 Description: Water samples taken with titanium syringes from ROV. Separate sub-samples were collected for (i) refractive index, (ii) alkalinity, (iii) dissolved inorganic carbon and carbon isotopes, (iv) pH, (v) gases (including CH4, CO2 and H2), (vi) anions and silica, (vii) nutrients, (viii) dissolved organic carbon, (ix) O and H isotopes, and (x) bacteria, in that order. The remainder of the sample was emptied into an acid-cleaned 1-L HDPE bottle for analysis of all other constituents, including cations and the transition metals. |
| Nitrite | Quantity: number of cores = 37 Description: Push Cores from ROV. Sediment and pore water sampled for both on board analyses and analyses in Southampton. Note oceanographic measurements outlined here are for pore water and sediments. |
| Nitrite | Quantity: number of cores = 7 Description: Gravity cores deployed from ship. Note - 5 cores failed. Sediment and pore water sampled for both on board analyses and analyses in Southampton. Note oceanographic measurements outlined here are for pore water and sediments |
| Total - N | Quantity: number of cores = 7 Description: Gravity cores deployed from ship. Note - 5 cores failed. Sediment and pore water sampled for both on board analyses and analyses in Southampton. Note oceanographic measurements outlined here are for pore water and sediments |
| Total - N | Quantity: number of cores = 37 Description: Push Cores from ROV. Sediment and pore water sampled for both on board analyses and analyses in Southampton. Note oceanographic measurements outlined here are for pore water and sediments. |
| Ammonia | Quantity: number of cores = 37 Description: Push Cores from ROV. Sediment and pore water sampled for both on board analyses and analyses in Southampton. Note oceanographic measurements outlined here are for pore water and sediments. |
| Ammonia | Quantity: number of cores = 7 Description: Gravity cores deployed from ship. Note - 5 cores failed. Sediment and pore water sampled for both on board analyses and analyses in Southampton. Note oceanographic measurements outlined here are for pore water and sediments |
| Silicate | Quantity: number of samples = 31 Description: Water samples taken with titanium syringes from ROV. Separate sub-samples were collected for (i) refractive index, (ii) alkalinity, (iii) dissolved inorganic carbon and carbon isotopes, (iv) pH, (v) gases (including CH4, CO2 and H2), (vi) anions and silica, (vii) nutrients, (viii) dissolved organic carbon, (ix) O and H isotopes, and (x) bacteria, in that order. The remainder of the sample was emptied into an acid-cleaned 1-L HDPE bottle for analysis of all other constituents, including cations and the transition metals. |
| Alkalinity | Quantity: number of samples = 31 Description: Water samples taken with titanium syringes from ROV. Separate sub-samples were collected for (i) refractive index, (ii) alkalinity, (iii) dissolved inorganic carbon and carbon isotopes, (iv) pH, (v) gases (including CH4, CO2 and H2), (vi) anions and silica, (vii) nutrients, (viii) dissolved organic carbon, (ix) O and H isotopes, and (x) bacteria, in that order. The remainder of the sample was emptied into an acid-cleaned 1-L HDPE bottle for analysis of all other constituents, including cations and the transition metals. |
| Alkalinity | Quantity: number of cores = 37 Description: Push Cores from ROV. Sediment and pore water sampled for both on board analyses and analyses in Southampton. Note oceanographic measurements outlined here are for pore water and sediments. |
| Alkalinity | Quantity: number of cores = 7 Description: Gravity cores deployed from ship. Note - 5 cores failed. Sediment and pore water sampled for both on board analyses and analyses in Southampton. Note oceanographic measurements outlined here are for pore water and sediments |
| pH | Quantity: number of samples = 31 Description: Water samples taken with titanium syringes from ROV. Separate sub-samples were collected for (i) refractive index, (ii) alkalinity, (iii) dissolved inorganic carbon and carbon isotopes, (iv) pH, (v) gases (including CH4, CO2 and H2), (vi) anions and silica, (vii) nutrients, (viii) dissolved organic carbon, (ix) O and H isotopes, and (x) bacteria, in that order. The remainder of the sample was emptied into an acid-cleaned 1-L HDPE bottle for analysis of all other constituents, including cations and the transition metals. |
| Trace elements | Quantity: number of samples = 31 Description: Water samples taken with titanium syringes from ROV. Separate sub-samples were collected for (i) refractive index, (ii) alkalinity, (iii) dissolved inorganic carbon and carbon isotopes, (iv) pH, (v) gases (including CH4, CO2 and H2), (vi) anions and silica, (vii) nutrients, (viii) dissolved organic carbon, (ix) O and H isotopes, and (x) bacteria, in that order. The remainder of the sample was emptied into an acid-cleaned 1-L HDPE bottle for analysis of all other constituents, including cations and the transition metals. |
| Isotopes | Quantity: number of samples = 31 Description: Water samples taken with titanium syringes from ROV. Separate sub-samples were collected for (i) refractive index, (ii) alkalinity, (iii) dissolved inorganic carbon and carbon isotopes, (iv) pH, (v) gases (including CH4, CO2 and H2), (vi) anions and silica, (vii) nutrients, (viii) dissolved organic carbon, (ix) O and H isotopes, and (x) bacteria, in that order. The remainder of the sample was emptied into an acid-cleaned 1-L HDPE bottle for analysis of all other constituents, including cations and the transition metals. |
| Other chemical oceanographic measurements | Quantity: number of profiles = 20 Description: CTD casts and To-Yos (sometimes mixed). Temperature, salinity and oxygen concentrations. Also transmissometer and redox measured from instruments on CTD. Water samples for dissolved gases (methane), trace metals and bacteria. |
| Other chemical oceanographic measurements | Quantity: number of samples = 31 Description: Water samples taken with titanium syringes from ROV. Separate sub-samples were collected for (i) refractive index, (ii) alkalinity, (iii) dissolved inorganic carbon and carbon isotopes, (iv) pH, (v) gases (including CH4, CO2 and H2), (vi) anions and silica, (vii) nutrients, (viii) dissolved organic carbon, (ix) O and H isotopes, and (x) bacteria, in that order. The remainder of the sample was emptied into an acid-cleaned 1-L HDPE bottle for analysis of all other constituents, including cations and the transition metals. |
| Other chemical oceanographic measurements | Quantity: number of cores = 37 Description: Push Cores from ROV. Sediment and pore water sampled for both on board analyses and analyses in Southampton. Note oceanographic measurements outlined here are for pore water and sediments. |
| Other chemical oceanographic measurements | Quantity: number of cores = 7 Description: Gravity cores deployed from ship. Note - 5 cores failed. Sediment and pore water sampled for both on board analyses and analyses in Southampton. Note oceanographic measurements outlined here are for pore water and sediments |
| Contamination | |
| Suspended matter | Quantity: number of samples = 17 Description: ROV Niskin bottles. Sampled for dissolved inorganic and organic carbon, methane, trace metals, bacteria and siderophores. |
| Suspended matter | Quantity: number of profiles = 20 Description: CTD casts and To-Yos (sometimes mixed). Temperature, salinity and oxygen concentrations. Also transmissometer and redox measured from instruments on CTD. Water samples for dissolved gases (methane), trace metals and bacteria. |
| Trace metals | Quantity: number of samples = 17 Description: ROV Niskin bottles. Sampled for dissolved inorganic and organic carbon, methane, trace metals, bacteria and siderophores. |
| Trace metals | Quantity: number of profiles = 20 Description: CTD casts and To-Yos (sometimes mixed). Temperature, salinity and oxygen concentrations. Also transmissometer and redox measured from instruments on CTD. Water samples for dissolved gases (methane), trace metals and bacteria. |
| Trace metals | Quantity: number of samples = 31 Description: Water samples taken with titanium syringes from ROV. Separate sub-samples were collected for (i) refractive index, (ii) alkalinity, (iii) dissolved inorganic carbon and carbon isotopes, (iv) pH, (v) gases (including CH4, CO2 and H2), (vi) anions and silica, (vii) nutrients, (viii) dissolved organic carbon, (ix) O and H isotopes, and (x) bacteria, in that order. The remainder of the sample was emptied into an acid-cleaned 1-L HDPE bottle for analysis of all other constituents, including cations and the transition metals. |
| Petroleum residues | Quantity: number of cores = 37 Description: Push Cores from ROV. Sediment and pore water sampled for both on board analyses and analyses in Southampton. Note oceanographic measurements outlined here are for pore water and sediments. |
| Petroleum residues | Quantity: number of cores = 7 Description: Gravity cores deployed from ship. Note - 5 cores failed. Sediment and pore water sampled for both on board analyses and analyses in Southampton. Note oceanographic measurements outlined here are for pore water and sediments |
| Biology and fisheries | |
| Eggs and larvae | Quantity: number of specimens = 12500 Description: Organisms collected from vent and non-vent habitats using ROV (manipulators and suction sampler) and baited traps. Over 12,500 samples collected for systematics, molecular phylogenetics, molecular ecology, reproductive ecology, foodweb studies, studies of heavy metal content, studies of behaviour and studies of symbiosis. Many organisms photographed and filmed in situ during ROV dives. |
| Pelagic bacteria/micro-organisms | Quantity: number of profiles = 20 Description: CTD casts and To-Yos (sometimes mixed). Temperature, salinity and oxygen concentrations. Also transmissometer and redox measured from instruments on CTD. Water samples for dissolved gases (methane), trace metals and bacteria. |
| Benthic bacteria/micro-organisms | Quantity: number of cores = 37 Description: Push Cores from ROV. Sediment and pore water sampled for both on board analyses and analyses in Southampton. Note oceanographic measurements outlined here are for pore water and sediments. |
| Benthic bacteria/micro-organisms | Quantity: number of samples = 31 Description: Water samples taken with titanium syringes from ROV. Separate sub-samples were collected for (i) refractive index, (ii) alkalinity, (iii) dissolved inorganic carbon and carbon isotopes, (iv) pH, (v) gases (including CH4, CO2 and H2), (vi) anions and silica, (vii) nutrients, (viii) dissolved organic carbon, (ix) O and H isotopes, and (x) bacteria, in that order. The remainder of the sample was emptied into an acid-cleaned 1-L HDPE bottle for analysis of all other constituents, including cations and the transition metals. |
| Benthic bacteria/micro-organisms | Quantity: number of cores = 7 Description: Gravity cores deployed from ship. Note - 5 cores failed. Sediment and pore water sampled for both on board analyses and analyses in Southampton. Note oceanographic measurements outlined here are for pore water and sediments |
| Benthic bacteria/micro-organisms | Quantity: number of specimens = 12500 Description: Organisms collected from vent and non-vent habitats using ROV (manipulators and suction sampler) and baited traps. Over 12,500 samples collected for systematics, molecular phylogenetics, molecular ecology, reproductive ecology, foodweb studies, studies of heavy metal content, studies of behaviour and studies of symbiosis. Many organisms photographed and filmed in situ during ROV dives. |
| Benthic bacteria/micro-organisms | Quantity: number of samples = 14 Description: Sulphide samples from vent chimneys collected using manipulators on ROV. Each sample was photographed. Chimneys were sampled for bacteria and biofilms. Samples were then dried and packaged for transport to laboratory. |
| Benthic bacteria/micro-organisms | Quantity: number of samples = 17 Description: ROV Niskin bottles. Sampled for dissolved inorganic and organic carbon, methane, trace metals, bacteria and siderophores. |
| Zoobenthos | Quantity: number of specimens = 12500 Description: Organisms collected from vent and non-vent habitats using ROV (manipulators and suction sampler) and baited traps. Over 12,500 samples collected for systematics, molecular phylogenetics, molecular ecology, reproductive ecology, foodweb studies, studies of heavy metal content, studies of behaviour and studies of symbiosis. Many organisms photographed and filmed in situ during ROV dives. |
| Demersal fish | Quantity: number of specimens = 12500 Description: Organisms collected from vent and non-vent habitats using ROV (manipulators and suction sampler) and baited traps. Over 12,500 samples collected for systematics, molecular phylogenetics, molecular ecology, reproductive ecology, foodweb studies, studies of heavy metal content, studies of behaviour and studies of symbiosis. Many organisms photographed and filmed in situ during ROV dives. |
| Molluscs | Quantity: number of specimens = 12500 Description: Organisms collected from vent and non-vent habitats using ROV (manipulators and suction sampler) and baited traps. Over 12,500 samples collected for systematics, molecular phylogenetics, molecular ecology, reproductive ecology, foodweb studies, studies of heavy metal content, studies of behaviour and studies of symbiosis. Many organisms photographed and filmed in situ during ROV dives. |
| Crustaceans | Quantity: number of specimens = 12500 Description: Organisms collected from vent and non-vent habitats using ROV (manipulators and suction sampler) and baited traps. Over 12,500 samples collected for systematics, molecular phylogenetics, molecular ecology, reproductive ecology, foodweb studies, studies of heavy metal content, studies of behaviour and studies of symbiosis. Many organisms photographed and filmed in situ during ROV dives. |
| Other biological/fisheries measurement | Quantity: number of surveys = 34 Description: Videographic surveys for mosaicing of animal communities |
| Other biological/fisheries measurement | Quantity: number of image series = 250 Description: Video images taken during ROV dives. |
| Other biological/fisheries measurement | Quantity: number of image series = 600 Description: Video images taken during ROV dives. |
| Other biological/fisheries measurement | Quantity: number of image series = 500 Description: Video images taken during ROV dives. |
| Other biological/fisheries measurement | Quantity: number of specimens = 12500 Description: Organisms collected from vent and non-vent habitats using ROV (manipulators and suction sampler) and baited traps. Over 12,500 samples collected for systematics, molecular phylogenetics, molecular ecology, reproductive ecology, foodweb studies, studies of heavy metal content, studies of behaviour and studies of symbiosis. Many organisms photographed and filmed in situ during ROV dives. |
| Other biological/fisheries measurement | Quantity: number of images = 4395 Description: Stills images taken during ROV dives. |
| Geology and geophysics | |
| Grab | Quantity: number of samples = 14 Description: Sulphide samples from vent chimneys collected using manipulators on ROV. Each sample was photographed. Chimneys were sampled for bacteria and biofilms. Samples were then dried and packaged for transport to laboratory. |
| Core - soft bottom | Quantity: number of cores = 37 Description: Push Cores from ROV. Sediment and pore water sampled for both on board analyses and analyses in Southampton. Note oceanographic measurements outlined here are for pore water and sediments. |
| Core - soft bottom | Quantity: number of cores = 7 Description: Gravity cores deployed from ship. Note - 5 cores failed. Sediment and pore water sampled for both on board analyses and analyses in Southampton. Note oceanographic measurements outlined here are for pore water and sediments |
| Bottom photography | Quantity: number of images = 4395 Description: Stills images taken during ROV dives. |
| Bottom photography | Quantity: number of image series = 250 Description: Video images taken during ROV dives. |
| Bottom photography | Quantity: number of image series = 500 Description: Video images taken during ROV dives. |
| Bottom photography | Quantity: number of image series = 600 Description: Video images taken during ROV dives. |
| Bottom photography | Quantity: number of surveys = 34 Description: Videographic surveys for mosaicing of animal communities |
| In-situ seafloor measurement/sampling | Quantity: data volume in gigabytes = 1.3 Description: ROV-mounted CTD system. |
| Geophysical measurements made at depth | Quantity: data volume in gigabytes = 12 Description: ROV-mounted multibeam bathymetry system. |
| Other geological/geophysical measurements | Quantity: number of dives = 31 Description: ROV Dives |
| Other geological/geophysical measurements | Quantity: data volume in gigabytes = 1.27 Description: ROV navigational data. |
| Moorings, landers, buoys | |
| Physical oceanography | |
| Current meters | 59° 42' 0" S 28° 21' 0" W — Current meter mooring |
| Current profiler (eg ADCP) | 60° 1' 59" S 29° 58' 0" W — ADCP lander |
| Current profiler (eg ADCP) | 56° 4' 59" S 30° 19' 0" W — ADCP lander |
| Contamination | |
| Suspended matter | 56° 4' 59" S 30° 19' 0" W — SAPS Mooring |
