Metadata Report for BODC Series Reference Number 1806874
Metadata Summary
Problem Reports
Data Access Policy
Narrative Documents
Project Information
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Fixed Station Information
BODC Quality Flags
SeaDataNet Quality Flags
Metadata Summary
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Problem Reports
No Problem Report Found in the Database
ORCHESTRA RRS James Clark Ross Cruise JR15006 Underway Meteorology Data Quality Report
Negative IRRDSV01 values were identified during the night periods, this is a known issue relating to the sensor recording it's own radiation during night periods. All affected cycles were flagged M.
Data Access Policy
Open Data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
You must always use the following attribution statement to acknowledge the source of the information: "Contains data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council."
Narrative Documents
Gill Instruments Windsonic Anemometer
The Gill Windsonic is a 2-axis ultrasonic wind sensor that monitors wind speed and direction using four transducers. The time taken for an ultrasonic pulse to travel from the North to the South transducers is measured and compared with the time for a pulse to travel from South to North. Travel times between the East and West transducers are similarly compared. The wind speed and direction are calculated from the differences in the times of flight along each axis. This calculation is independent of environmental factors such as temperature.
Specifications
Ultrasonic output rate | 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 or 4 Hz |
Operating Temperature | -35 to 70°C |
Operating Humidity | < 5 to 100% RH |
Anemometer start up time | < 5 s |
Wind speed | |
Range | 0 to 60 m s-1 |
Accuracy | ± 2% at 2 m s-1 |
Resolution | 0.01 m s-1 |
Response time | 0.25 s |
Threshold | 0.01 m s-1 |
Wind direction | |
Range | 0 to 359° |
Accuracy | ± 3° at 12 m s-1 |
Resolution | 1° |
Response time | 0.25 s |
Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.
Kipp & Zonen Photosynthetically Active Radiation Quantum Sensor PQS1
The PQS1 is an atmospheric radiometer designed to measure incident radiation at photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) wavelengths. It incorporates a diffuser with an excellent directional (cosine) response and a silicon photodiode detector.
If used in field research applications, the PQS1 can be connected with the METEON handheld display unit, which also as data-logging capability. For permanent installations, it can be connected to the LOGBOX SD data logger.
Specifications
Spectral range | 400 to 700 nm (± 4 nm) |
Sensitivity | 4 to 10 µV µmol-1 m-2 s-1 |
Response time | < 1 µs |
Non linearity | < 1% (0 to 10000 µV µmol-1 m-2 s-1) |
Temperature dependence | < -0.1% °C-1 |
Sensitivity change per year | < 2% |
Directional error | < 3% (up to 80° zenith angle) |
Field of view | 180° |
Operating temperature | -30 to 70°C |
Relative humidity | 0 to 100 % RH |
A link to the PQS1 specification sheet can be found here: PQS1 Spec sheet
ORCHESTRA RRS James Clark Ross Cruise JR15006 Underway Meteorology Instrumentation
The meteorological suite of sensors were located on the meteorological, with all instruments located 20 m above sea level, except the anemometer, which is at 22.5 m above sea level and has an orientation of 0° on the bow.
Manufacturer | Model | Serial number | Last manufacturer's calibration date | Comments |
Gill heated Wind Observer | 70 | - | - | Anemometer |
Kipp and Zonen | PARLite Quantum SP1 | 110127 and 110126 | PAR sensor | |
Kipp and Zonen | SPLite 2 | 112992 and 112993 | TIR sensor | |
Rotronic | MP402H-050300 | 0060743898 and 0060743896 | Temperature and humidity sensor | |
Vaisala | PTB210 Class B | V1450002 and V1450003 | Barometer |
Rotronic Hygromet MP102H and MP402H temperature and humidity probes
This meteorological probe measures humidity and temperature with the plug-in HygroClip HC2-S3 sensor module, and can also be equipped with a signal conditioned Pt100 temperature probe.
The two models differ in that the MP102H produces a voltage output while the MP402H produces a current output. Other characteristics are common to both models.
The specification sheet can be accessed here Rotronic MP102H and MP402H.
Specifications
Start up time | 3 s (typical) |
Data refresh time | 1 s (typical) |
Humidity range | 0 to 100% RH |
Humidity accuracy | 0.8% RH |
Temperature range | -40 to 80°C |
Temperature accuracy | 0.1°C |
Maximum air velocity ar probe | 20 m s-1 |
User configurable limits | -999 to 9999 engineering units |
HC2-S3 Probe material | Polycarbonate |
Probe dust filter | Polyethylene |
Vaisala PTB210 Digital Barometer
The basic specifications for this pressure sensor are as follows:
- Manufacturer: Vaisala
- Type: Silicon capacitive sensor
- Model: PTB210
- Range: 900 - 1100 hPa
- Output: 0-5VDC
- Total Accuracy (20°C): ±0.30hPa
- Operating temperature: -40 to +60 deg C
- Weight: 110g
- Certification Ingress Protection: IP65
Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.
Kongsberg Seatex Seapath 320+ Precise Heading, Attitude and Positioning Sensor
The Seapath 320+ is a navigational system that combines two Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers with a MRU 5+ inertial sensor to provide high resolution and accuracy positional data. The inertial sensor employs linear accelerometers and unique microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-type angular rate gyros to provide 0.01 RMS pitch and roll accuracy. The GNSS receivers can use multiple satellite constellations (GPS, GLONASS and Galileo, when available), and combine data from these to improve heading and positional measurements. In case of missing data from one GNSS receiver, the other receiver provides position and velocity, and the inertial sensor provides heading from its internal rate sensors.
The main characteristics are presented below, and the specification sheet can be accessed here Kongsberg Seatex Seapath 320+ .
Specifications
Heading accuracy | 0.04° RMS (4m baseline) 0.065° RMS (2.5 baseline) |
Roll and pitch accuracy | 0.02° RMS for ± 5° amplitude |
Scale factor error in roll, pitch and heading | 0.05% RMS |
Heave accuracy (real time) | 5 cm or 5%, whichever is highest |
Heave accuracy (delayed signal) | 2 cm or 2%, whichever is highest |
Heave motion periods (real time) | 1 to 20 seconds |
Heave motion periods (delayed signal) | 1 to 50 seconds |
Position accuracy (DGPS/DGlonass) | 1 m (95% CEP) |
Position accuracy (SBAS) | 1 m (95% CEP) |
Position accuracy (with RTK corrections) | 0.2 m (95% CEP) |
Velocity accuracy | 0.07 m s-1 (95% CEP) |
Data update rate | Up to 100Hz |
ORCHESTRA RRS James Clark Ross Cruise JR15006 Underway Meteorology Document
Content of data series
Parameter | Units | Parameter code | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Latitude | Degrees (+ve N) | ALATGP01 | |
Longitude | degrees (+ve E) | ALONGP01 | |
Atmospheric pressure | mbar | CAPHTU01 | |
Atmospheric temperature | °C | CDTAZZ01 | |
Relative humidity | % | CRELZZ01 | |
Absolute wind direction | degrees | EWDASS01 | Corrected for ship's heading and speed |
Absolute wind speed | m s-1 | EWSBSS01 | Corrected for ship's heading and speed |
PAR | µE/s.m-2 | IRRDSV01 |
Data Processing Procedures
Originator's Data Processing
Meteorological and surface ocean data were logged at 5 second intervals throughout the cruise. The data were processed using a mix of Unix and Matlab codes provided by Hugh Venables and originally written by Mike Meredith. The following list identifies the routines used and what they do.
- get_underway- Retrieves the met and ocean datastreams for a specific day of year from the SCS and produces data files for that day
- Loadunderway.m- data are stored in arrays and saved. Unrealistic values are set to NaN and large spikes in conductivity are removed, SBE45 temperature and hull temperature. Data from periods of flow >1.5 l min-1 or <0.4 l min-1 are also set to NaN, as are data from 5 minutes after a drop in flow to allow variables to return to normal. Surface ocean data are further cleaned manually through an interactive procedure.
- Plot_oceanlog_daily.m- loads oceanlogger and navigation data, calculates one minute averages of underway data and plots maps of sea surface temperature, salinity and fluorescence. Bathymetry data are included in the plots
- Plot_oceanlog_all_improved.m- concatenates the one minute averages produced with the previous script and plots data from the cruise on a map with bathymetry
- Wind_average_daily.m- Matches the anemometer data with the positions from Seatex data and averages the wind vectors over time periods selected by the user
- Plot_wind_all.m- Concatenates the time average wind data produced by the previous script and plots data from the whole cruise on a map with bathymetry
Filename | Content description | Format | Interval | Start date/time (UTC) | End date/time (UTC) | Comments |
oceanlog_all_min_ave | meteorology and surface hydrography data | mat | 60 s | 31/03/2016 00:00:34 | 24/04/2016 23:58:34 | processed by the originator |
anemometer | raw wind data | SCS | 1 s | 30/03/2016 16:12:13 | 28/04/2016 15:53:28 | relative wind parameters |
Daily wind files processed by the originator were also submitted to BODC. One type of files had hourly averages of wind data, and the others conatined true wind speed, east and north wind and wind vectors. It was decided not to take these through and use the raw wind data from the ship's system instead in order to keep consistency with BODC established procedures. These files are available upon request.
BODC Data Processing
The files mentioned on the table above were selected for data banking as they contain the best version of processed meteorological parameters. The remaining data was obtained from the raw file. Data were banked at BODC following standard data banking procedures, including reduction through averaging, checking meteorological channels for improbable values, working out absolute wind speed and direction, and screening the data for anomalous values. The originator's variables were mapped to appropriate BODC parameter codes as follows:
oceanlog_all_min_aveOriginator's variable | Originator's units | Description | BODC Code | BODC Units | Unit conversion |
atempAll | degrees C | Temperature of the atmosphere by thermometer | CDTAZZ01 | degrees C | |
humAll | % | Relative humidity of the atmosphere | CRELZZ01 | % | |
apresAll | hPa | Pressure (measured variable) exerted by the atmosphere by barometer and expressed at measurement altitude | CAPHTU01 | mbar | 1 hPa = 1 mbar |
parAll | umol s-1 m-2 | Downwelling vector irradiance as photons (PAR wavelengths) in the atmosphere by cosine-collector radiometer | IRRDSV01 | uEs-1 m-2 | equivalent units |
This file also contained surface hydrography paramaters, but these will be dealt with as a different series.
anemometer
Originator's variable | Originator's units | Description | BODC Code | BODC Units | Unit conversion | Comments |
wind_speed | knots | Wind speed (relative to moving platform) in the atmosphere by in-situ anemometer | ERWSSS01 | m/s | *0.514444 | |
wind_dir | degrees | Wind direction (relative to moving platform) in the atmosphere by in-situ anemometer | ERWDSS01 | degrees | 0° on the bow |
All data expressed at measurement altitude.
All the reformatted data were visualised using the in-house EDSERPLO software. Suspect data were marked by adding an appropriate quality control flag, missing data by both setting the data to an appropriate value and setting the quality control flag.
Absolute wind speed and direction
Relative wind speed and direction were corrected for the ship's heading and speed using the gyrocompass heading, ship velocities (calculated at BODC from the main positional channels) and an anemometer orientation of 0° on the bow.
PAR
Negative values were identified during the night periods, this is a known issue relating to the sensor recording it's own radiation during night periods. All affected cycles were flagged M.
Air Temperature, Air Pressure and Relative Humidity
All channels were screened and N flags applied to missing data values. No other flags were applied.
Project Information
Ocean Regulation of Climate by Heat and Carbon Sequestration and Transports (ORCHESTRA)
The Ocean Regulation of Climate by Heat and Carbon Sequestration and Transports (ORCHESTRA) is a £8.4 million, five year (2016-2021) research programme funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). The aim of the research is to to advance the understanding of, and capability to predict, the Southern Ocean's impact on climate change via its uptake and storage of heat and carbon. The programme will significantly reduce uncertainties concerning how this uptake and storage by the ocean influences global climate, by conducting a series of unique fieldwork campaigns and innovative model developments.
Background
ORCHESTRA represents the first fully-unified activity by NERC institutes to address these challenges, and will draw in national and international partners to provide community coherence, and to build a legacy in knowledge and capability that will transcend the timescale of the programme itself.
It brings together science teams from six UK research institutions to investigate the role that the Southern Ocean plays in our changing climate and atmospheric carbon draw-down. It is led by British Antarctic Survey, in partnership with National Oceanography Centre, British Geological Survey, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, the Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling and the Sea Mammal Research Unit.
The oceans around Antarctica play a critical a key role in drawing down and storing large amounts of carbon and vast quantities of heat from from the atmosphere. Due to its remoteness and harsh environment, the Southern Ocean is the world's biggest data desert, and one of the hardest places to get right in climate models. The ORCHESTRA programme will make unique and important new measurements in the Southern Ocean using a range of techniques, including use of the world-class UK research vessel fleet, and deployments of innovative underwater robots. The new understanding obtained will guide key improvements to the current generation of computer models, and will enhance greatly our ability to predict climate into the future.
The scope of the programme includes interaction of the Southern Ocean with the atmosphere, exchange between the upper ocean mixed layer and the interior and exchange between the Southern Ocean and the global ocean.
Further details are available on the ORCHESTRA page.
Participants
Six different organisations are directly involved in research for ORCHESTRA. These institutions are:
- British Antarctic Survey (BAS)
- National Oceanography Centre (NOC)
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML)
- British Geological Survey (BGS)
- Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling (CPOM)
- Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU)
GO-SHIP are a third party organisation that, although not directly involved with the programme, will conduct ship based observations that will also be used by ORCHESTRA.
Research details
Three Work Packages have been funded by the ORCHESTRA programme. These are described in brief below:
-
Work Package 1: Interaction of the Southern ocean with the atmosphere
WP1 will use new observations of surface fluxes and their controlling parameters in order to better constrain the exchanges of heat and carbon loss across the surface of the Southern Ocean. -
Work Package 2: Exchange between the upper ocean mixed layer and the interior.
This work package will combine observationally-derived data and model simulations to determine and understand the exchanges between the ocean mixed layer and its interior. -
Work Package 3: Exchange between the Southern Ocean and the global ocean .
This WP will use budget analyses of the hydrographic/tracer sections to diagnose the three-dimensional velocity field of the waters entering, leaving and recirculating within the Southern Atlantic sector of the Southern ocean. -
Fieldwork and data collection
The campaign consists of 12 core cruises on board the NERC research vessels RRS James Clark Ross and RRS James Cook and will include hydrographic/tracer sections conducted across Drake Passage (SR1b), the northern Weddell Sea/Scotia Sea (A23), the northern rim of the Weddell Gyre (ANDREXII) and across the South Atlantic (24S). Section I6S will be performed by GO-SHIP Project Partners. Measurements will include temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, velocity, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, inorganic nutrients, oxygen and carbon isotopes, and underway meteorological and surface ocean observations including pCO2.
Tags will be deployed on 30 Weddel seals and these will provide temperature and salinity profiles that can be used alongside the Argo data.
Autonomous underwater ocean gliders will conduct multi-month missions and will deliver data on ocean stratification, heat content, mixed layer depth and turbulent mixing over the upper 1 km, with previously-unobtainable temporal resolution. These gliders will be deployed in the Weddell Gyre and the ACC.
Field campaigns with the MASIN meteorological aircrafts will be conducted flying out of Rothera and Halley research stations and the Falkland Islands. These campaigns will deliver information on key variables relating to air-sea fluxes (surface and air temperature, wind, humidity, atmospheric CO2, radiation, turbulent fluxes of heat, momentum and CO2), in different sea ice conditions and oceanic regimes.
Eart Observation datasets will be used to inform the programme on the properties of the ocean, sea ice and atmosphere and on interactions between them.
A cluster of 6 deep ocean moorings in the Orkney Passage will collect year round series of AABW temperatre and transport. This work connects to the NERC funded project Dynamics of the Orkney Passage Outflow (DYNOPO).
The UK Earth System model (UKESM) and underlying physical model will be used to conduct analyses of heat and carbon uptake and transport by the Southern Ocean and their links to wider climate on decadal timescales.
An eddy-resolving (1/12°) sector model of the ocean south of 30°S with 75 vertical levels, will be built using the NEMO model coupled to the Los Alamos sea ice (CICE) model. The improvements on the ocean boundary layer will be based from the results from the NERC-funded OSMOSIS project and the inclusion of tides.
20-5 year runs of an adjoint model will be conducted to determine how key forcings and model states affect the uptake and subduction of heat and carbon by the ocean.
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Cruise
Cruise Name | JR15006 |
Departure Date | 2016-03-31 |
Arrival Date | 2016-04-26 |
Principal Scientist(s) | Andrew J S Meijers (British Antarctic Survey) |
Ship | RRS James Clark Ross |
Complete Cruise Metadata Report is available here
Fixed Station Information
No Fixed Station Information held for the Series
BODC Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
Flag | Description |
---|---|
Blank | Unqualified |
< | Below detection limit |
> | In excess of quoted value |
A | Taxonomic flag for affinis (aff.) |
B | Beginning of CTD Down/Up Cast |
C | Taxonomic flag for confer (cf.) |
D | Thermometric depth |
E | End of CTD Down/Up Cast |
G | Non-taxonomic biological characteristic uncertainty |
H | Extrapolated value |
I | Taxonomic flag for single species (sp.) |
K | Improbable value - unknown quality control source |
L | Improbable value - originator's quality control |
M | Improbable value - BODC quality control |
N | Null value |
O | Improbable value - user quality control |
P | Trace/calm |
Q | Indeterminate |
R | Replacement value |
S | Estimated value |
T | Interpolated value |
U | Uncalibrated |
W | Control value |
X | Excessive difference |
SeaDataNet Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
Flag | Description |
---|---|
0 | no quality control |
1 | good value |
2 | probably good value |
3 | probably bad value |
4 | bad value |
5 | changed value |
6 | value below detection |
7 | value in excess |
8 | interpolated value |
9 | missing value |
A | value phenomenon uncertain |
B | nominal value |
Q | value below limit of quantification |