Metadata Report for BODC Series Reference Number 1964939
Metadata Summary
Problem Reports
Data Access Policy
Narrative Documents
Project Information
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Fixed Station Information
BODC Quality Flags
SeaDataNet Quality Flags
Metadata Summary
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Problem Reports
No Problem Report Found in the Database
Data Access Policy
Open Data
These data have no specific confidentiality restrictions for users. However, users must acknowledge data sources as it is not ethical to publish data without proper attribution. Any publication or other output resulting from usage of the data should include an acknowledgment.
If the Information Provider does not provide a specific attribution statement, or if you are using Information from several Information Providers and multiple attributions are not practical in your product or application, you may consider using the following:
"Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v1.0."
Narrative Documents
Kongsberg EA600 Single Beam Echosounder
The EA600 is a single beam echosounder with full ocean depth capability designed for bathymetric surveys. It measures water depth by monitoring the travel time of an acoustic signal that is transmitted from the ship, reflected off the seabed and received back at the ship.
The main components of the system are hull-mounted transducers linked to general purpose transceivers (GPTs). Up to four GPTs, each controlling one or more transducers, may be operated simultaneously. The GPT generates a signal, which is transmitted into the water column as an acoustic pulse by the transducer array, and the returning echo is recorded by the GPT. GPTs are in turn linked to a combined display and processor, where adjustments (such as sound-speed corrections) may be applied to the data. Available frequencies span from 12 to 710 kHz, and each GPT may operate at a separate frequency. A variety of transducers is available for water depths up to 11,000 m.
The EA600 stores all data internally but has a USB port which allows the possibility of connecting a CD-ROM/DVD drive to read and write the data. All echo data can be stored as files: bitmap, sample, depth or sidescan data.
In deeper waters, the EA600 supports a multipulse function, allowing for a higher pinger rate. While on passive mode, the pinger is normally attached to a device, with the purpose of tracking and displaying its current depth.
The EA600 replaced the EA500 in 2000.
Specifications
Maximum Ping rate | 20 Hz |
Resolution | 1 cm |
Accuracy | 1 cm at 710 and 200 kHz |
Operating frequencies | 1 or 2 kHz |
Single Beam frequencies | 12, 18, 33, 38, 50, 70, |
Dynamic range | 160 dB |
Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.
Kongsberg Seatex Seapath 320+ Precise Heading, Attitude and Positioning Sensor
The Seapath 320+ is a navigational system that combines two Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers with a MRU 5+ inertial sensor to provide high resolution and accuracy positional data. The inertial sensor employs linear accelerometers and unique microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-type angular rate gyros to provide 0.01 RMS pitch and roll accuracy. The GNSS receivers can use multiple satellite constellations (GPS, GLONASS and Galileo, when available), and combine data from these to improve heading and positional measurements. In case of missing data from one GNSS receiver, the other receiver provides position and velocity, and the inertial sensor provides heading from its internal rate sensors.
The main characteristics are presented below, and the specification sheet can be accessed here Kongsberg Seatex Seapath 320+ .
Specifications
Heading accuracy | 0.04° RMS (4m baseline) 0.065° RMS (2.5 baseline) |
Roll and pitch accuracy | 0.02° RMS for ± 5° amplitude |
Scale factor error in roll, pitch and heading | 0.05% RMS |
Heave accuracy (real time) | 5 cm or 5%, whichever is highest |
Heave accuracy (delayed signal) | 2 cm or 2%, whichever is highest |
Heave motion periods (real time) | 1 to 20 seconds |
Heave motion periods (delayed signal) | 1 to 50 seconds |
Position accuracy (DGPS/DGlonass) | 1 m (95% CEP) |
Position accuracy (SBAS) | 1 m (95% CEP) |
Position accuracy (with RTK corrections) | 0.2 m (95% CEP) |
Velocity accuracy | 0.07 m s-1 (95% CEP) |
Data update rate | Up to 100Hz |
RRS James Clark Ross cruise JR17006 navigation instrumentation
Instrumentation
Manufacturer | Model | Function | Comments |
SeaTex | Seapath 320+ | DGPS and attitude | Scientific primary source of position |
Kongsberg Maritime | Simrad EA600 | Single-beam echo sounder | - |
Kongsberg Maritime | Simrad EM122 | Multi-beam echo sounder | - |
Sperry Marine | Mk37 | Gyro | - |
Sperry Marine MK-37 Gyrocompass
A family of instruments that contain a controlled gyroscope which seeks and aligns itself with the meridian and points to true north. They use the properties of the gyroscope in combination with the rotation of the earth and the effect of gravity. The effects of varying speed and latitude are compensated for by the use of manually operated controls. Models MOD I, MOD O, MOD D, MOD D/E are all with an analog output Step or/and Syncro. MOD VT is the latest model with NMEA Data output as well.
Further specifications for MOD VT can be found in the manufacturer's specification document.
Further information for MOD D/E can be found in the user manual.
RRS James Clark Ross cruise JR17006 navigation data processing procedures
Originator's Data Processing
The navigation and bathymetric data were measured by several different instruments and the data were logged every second to the SCS system and stored in comma separated ACO format. Each instrument logged data to one individual file and the associated header information is stored in TPL files. All SCS files have been archived at BODC.
A portion of the data were then processed daily using Matlab procesing routines. Further information can be found from p41 in the cruise report.
Files delivered to BODC
Filename | Content description | Format | Interval | Start date/time (UTC) | End date/time (UTC) | Comments |
JR17006_underway.mat | Position, single-beam bathymetry | Matlab | 60 sec. | 08-06-2018 19:56:00 | 05-07-2018 18:46:00 | Bathymetry filtered of spikes |
gyro.ACO | Ship heading | SCS | ~1 Hz | 08-06-2018 19:56:07 | 06-07-2018 06:22:12 | - |
em122.ACO | Swath bathymetry | SCS | ~1 Hz | 12-06-2018 09:40:47 | 05-07-2018 06:21:18 | - |
seatex-vtg.ACO | Speed, course over ground | SCS | ~1 Hz | 08-06-2018 19:56:09 | 06-07-2018 06:22:12 | - |
BODC Data Processing
The data were reformatted to BODC internal format using standard banking procedures. Data were averaged at 60 second intervals. The following table shows how variables within the file were mapped to appropriate BODC parameter codes:
JR17006_underway.mat
Originator's variables | Originator's units | Description | BODC code | BODC unit | Conversion | Comments |
depth | metres | Sea floor depth (single-beam) | MBANZZ01 | m | - | - |
lat | degrees | Latitude | ALATGP01 | degrees | - | - |
lon | degrees | Longitude | ALONGP01 | degrees | - | - |
gyro_conv.ACO
Originator's variables | Originator's units | Description | BODC code | BODC unit | Conversion | Comments |
gyro-heading | degrees true | Ship heading | HEADCM01 | degrees true | - | - |
em122_conv.ACO
Originator's variables | Originator's units | Description | BODC code | BODC unit | Conversion | Comments |
em122-depth | m | Sea floor depth (multi-beam) | MBANSWCB | m | - | - |
seatex-vtg_conv.ACO
Originator's variables | Originator's units | Description | BODC code | BODC unit | Conversion | Comments |
seatex-vtg-cmg | degrees true | Course over ground | APDAGP01 | degrees true | - | - |
seatex-vtg-sog | knots | Speed over ground | APSAGP01 | m/s | * 0.5144444 | - |
Processing
All the reformatted data were visualised using the in-house EDSERPLO software. Suspect data were marked by adding an appropriate quality control flag.
Position
A check was run on positional data to identify gaps and improbable values (through the calculation of speed where speed is >10 m/s). No issues were detected.
GEBCO
GEBCO bathymetry (15 second grid) was added to the file using the main latitude and longitude channels. It was used to screen echo-sounder bathymetry.
Distance Run
Distance run was calculated from the main latitude and longitude channels, starting from the beginning of the file, using BODC standard procedures.
Bathymetry
The single-beam echo-sounder was considered the best source of sea floor depth as it had been quality-controlled by the data originator. Thus the single-beam echo-sounder bathymetry was retained in the file.
Project Information
Changing Arctic Ocean: Implications for marine biology and biogeochemistry
Changing Arctic Ocean (CAO) is a £16 million, five year (2017-2022) research programme initially funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). The aim of the CAO programme is to understand how change in the physical environment (ice and ocean) will affect the large-scale ecosystem structure and biogeochemical functioning of the Arctic Ocean, the potential major impacts and provide projections for future ecosystem services. In July 2018, additional projects were added to the programme that were jointly funded by NERC and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.
Background
The Arctic Ocean is responding to global climate change in ways that are not yet fully understood and in some cases, not yet identified. The impacts of change in the Arctic are global in range and international in importance. To achieve the aim, the programme has two key research challenges:
- To develop quantified understanding of the structure and functioning of Arctic ecosystems.
- To understand the sensitivity of Arctic ecosystem structure, functioning and services to multiple stressors and the development of projections of the impacts of change.
The decision to fund the CAO project was both scientific and political and is the second largest research programme funded by NERC.
The programme involves 33 organisations, the majority of which are research institutions in the UK and Germany, and over 170 scientists. The programme consists of four large projects with an additional 12 research projects added in July 2018.
Further information can be found on the Changing Arctic Ocean website.
Participants
There are 33 organisations involved in the Changing Arctic Ocean project, these are:
- Alfred Wegener Institut (AWI)
- Bangor University
- British Antarctic Survey (BAS)
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS)
- Durham University
- GEOMAR
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Centre for Materials and Coastal Research
- Lancaster University
- Marine Biological Association (MBA)
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
- National Oceanography Centre (NOC)
- Newcastle University
- Northumbria University
- Ocean Atmosphere Systems GmbH
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML)
- Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS)
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC)
- Université Libre de Bruxelles
- University College London (UCL)
- University of Bristol
- University of East Anglia (UEA)
- University of Edinburgh
- University of Glasgow
- University of Huddersfield
- University of Leeds
- University of Liverpool
- University of Manchester
- University of Oldenburg
- University of Oxford
- University of Southampton
- University of St Andrews
- University of Stirling
- University of Strathclyde
In addition to the core organisation, there are a number of international collaborators.
Research Details
The four large projects funded by NERC are:
- Arctic Productivity in the seasonal Ice Zone (Arctic PRIZE)
- Can we detect changes in Arctic ecosystems? (ARISE)
- The Changing Arctic Ocean Seafloor (ChAOS) - How changing sea ice conditions impact biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystems
- Mechanistic understanding of the role of diatoms in the success of the Arctic Calanus complex and implications for a warmer Arctic (DIAPOD)
The additional 12 projects added in July 2018 funded jointly by NERC and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research are:
- Advective Pathways of nutrients and key Ecological substances in the Arctic (APEAR)
- How will changing freshwater export and terrestrial permafrost thaw influence the Arctic Ocean? (CACOON)
- Chronobiology of changing Arctic Sea Ecosystems (CHASE)
- Potential benefits and risks of borealisation for fish stocks and ecosystems in a changing Arctic Ocean (Coldfish)
- Diatom Autecological Responses with Changes To Ice Cover (Diatom-ARCTIC)
- Ecosystem functions controlled by sea ice and light in a changing Arctic (Eco-Light)
- Effects of ice stressors and pollutants on the Arctic marine cryosphere (EISPAC)
- Linking Oceanography and Multi-specific, spatially-Variable Interactions of seabirds and their prey in the Arctic (LOMVIA)
- Understanding the links between pelagic microbial ecosystems and organic matter cycling in the changing Arctic (Micro-ARC)
- Microbes to Megafauna Modelling of Arctic Seas (MiMeMo)
- Primary productivity driven by escalating Arctic nutrient fluxes? (PEANUTS)
- Pathways and emissions of climate-relevant trace gases in a changing Arctic Ocean (PETRA)
Fieldwork and Data Collection
The programme consists of seven core cruises that survey areas in the Barents Sea and the Fram Strait on board the NERC research vessel RRS James Clark Ross. Measurements will include temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, inorganic nutrients, oxygen and carbon isotopes and underway meteorological and surface ocean observations. In addition to ship based cruise datasets gliders, moorings and animal tags are part of the fieldwork. Further data are collected from model runs.
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Cruise
Cruise Name | JR17006 |
Departure Date | 2018-06-11 |
Arrival Date | 2018-07-06 |
Principal Scientist(s) | Finlo R Cottier (Scottish Association for Marine Science) |
Ship | RRS James Clark Ross |
Complete Cruise Metadata Report is available here
Fixed Station Information
No Fixed Station Information held for the Series
BODC Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
Flag | Description |
---|---|
Blank | Unqualified |
< | Below detection limit |
> | In excess of quoted value |
A | Taxonomic flag for affinis (aff.) |
B | Beginning of CTD Down/Up Cast |
C | Taxonomic flag for confer (cf.) |
D | Thermometric depth |
E | End of CTD Down/Up Cast |
G | Non-taxonomic biological characteristic uncertainty |
H | Extrapolated value |
I | Taxonomic flag for single species (sp.) |
K | Improbable value - unknown quality control source |
L | Improbable value - originator's quality control |
M | Improbable value - BODC quality control |
N | Null value |
O | Improbable value - user quality control |
P | Trace/calm |
Q | Indeterminate |
R | Replacement value |
S | Estimated value |
T | Interpolated value |
U | Uncalibrated |
W | Control value |
X | Excessive difference |
SeaDataNet Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
Flag | Description |
---|---|
0 | no quality control |
1 | good value |
2 | probably good value |
3 | probably bad value |
4 | bad value |
5 | changed value |
6 | value below detection |
7 | value in excess |
8 | interpolated value |
9 | missing value |
A | value phenomenon uncertain |
B | nominal value |
Q | value below limit of quantification |