RRS Discovery DY096
Cruise summary report
| Cruise Info. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ship name (ship code) | RRS Discovery (74EQ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cruise identifier | DY096 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cruise period | 2018-11-28 — 2018-12-14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Status | Completed | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Port of departure | Punta Arenas, Chile | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Port of return | Punta Arenas, Chile | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purpose | Research | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Objectives | The CUSTARD project will examine how seasonal changes in nutrient availability for phytoplankton, at a key junction of the global ocean circulation, influence how long carbon is trapped in the ocean rather than escape to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.
If we want to understand the role of the Southern Ocean in regulating global climate we need to understand both how much carbon is used to make phytoplankton at the ocean surface and how deep this material penetrates into the ocean interior; the 'remineralisation depth'. The objective of CUSTARD is to make new observations of the remineralisation depth and its controls in an important, yet remote, region of the Southern Ocean, using a combination of gliders, a mooring, sophisticated new sensors and a process cruise. The observations will be combined with modelling to determine the key processes regulating carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean. DY096 marked the start of one year of observations by CUSTARD. Cruise objectives included the deployment of a surface mooring and two gliders to make observations throughout the year until they would be retrieved on a cruise at the start of 2020. Immediately prior to the recovery cruise, a process cruise is planned. For DY096 the surface mooring was provided and deployed by a team from WHOI as part of the NSF Ocean Observatories Initiative. The mooring had also been adapted by WHOI to integrate novel NOC lab-on-a-chip nitrate and silicate sensors. Another aim was to recover the surface mooring already at the site, now into its third year after recovery was not possible in 2017, and the lower parts of two subsurface moorings, all parts of the original OOI array. These deployments and recoveries were the priorities together with the collection of observations to calibrate the sensors on mooring and gliders. If further iron and optical particulate data could be obtained it would also be very useful to inform planning for the 2019 process cruise. Weather, swell and a ship issue restricted time on site to 102 hours of which conditions were suitable to deploy/recover equipment over the side for just 61 hours, out of a 16-day cruise. Nevertheless, all of the priorities were achieved. It was also possible to collect some limited samples for iron concentrations but not to collect any standalone optical particulate observations. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chief scientist | Adrian P Martin (National Oceanography Centre, Southampton) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cruise report |  (9.34 MB) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ocean/sea areas | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General | South East Pacific Ocean (limit 140W) Southern Ocean | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Track charts | (0.11 MB) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Measurements | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Physical oceanography | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Surface measurements underway (T,S) | Quantity: activity duration in days = 16 Description: Water samples taken from non-toxic supply.Samples taken every 6 hours for salinity, nutrients, DIC. Samples taken every 2 hours for chlorophyll. Electronic measurements of T and S were also recorded | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Surface measurements underway (T,S) | Quantity: number of profiles = 5 Description: Samples taken from each of 12 bottles for salinity, nutrients, DIC, chlorophyll, HPLC, POC, PON, BSi. Samples were taken from a single CTD cast for trace metal analysis. Electronic measurements taken by sensors on CTD: CTD, oxygen, backscatter, transmission, fluorometer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CTD stations | Quantity: number of profiles = 5 Description: Samples taken from each of 12 bottles for salinity, nutrients, DIC, chlorophyll, HPLC, POC, PON, BSi. Samples were taken from a single CTD cast for trace metal analysis. Electronic measurements taken by sensors on CTD: CTD, oxygen, backscatter, transmission, fluorometer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transparency (eg transmissometer) | Quantity: number of profiles = 5 Description: Samples taken from each of 12 bottles for salinity, nutrients, DIC, chlorophyll, HPLC, POC, PON, BSi. Samples were taken from a single CTD cast for trace metal analysis. Electronic measurements taken by sensors on CTD: CTD, oxygen, backscatter, transmission, fluorometer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current profiler (eg ADCP) | Quantity: activity duration in days = 16 Description: VMADCP data (to be calibrated) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical oceanography | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oxygen | Quantity: number of profiles = 5 Description: Samples taken from each of 12 bottles for salinity, nutrients, DIC, chlorophyll, HPLC, POC, PON, BSi. Samples were taken from a single CTD cast for trace metal analysis. Electronic measurements taken by sensors on CTD: CTD, oxygen, backscatter, transmission, fluorometer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Phosphate | Quantity: activity duration in days = 16 Description: Water samples taken from non-toxic supply.Samples taken every 6 hours for salinity, nutrients, DIC. Samples taken every 2 hours for chlorophyll. Electronic measurements of T and S were also recorded | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Phosphate | Quantity: number of profiles = 5 Description: Samples taken from each of 12 bottles for salinity, nutrients, DIC, chlorophyll, HPLC, POC, PON, BSi. Samples were taken from a single CTD cast for trace metal analysis. Electronic measurements taken by sensors on CTD: CTD, oxygen, backscatter, transmission, fluorometer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nitrate | Quantity: activity duration in days = 16 Description: Water samples taken from non-toxic supply.Samples taken every 6 hours for salinity, nutrients, DIC. Samples taken every 2 hours for chlorophyll. Electronic measurements of T and S were also recorded | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nitrate | Quantity: number of profiles = 5 Description: Samples taken from each of 12 bottles for salinity, nutrients, DIC, chlorophyll, HPLC, POC, PON, BSi. Samples were taken from a single CTD cast for trace metal analysis. Electronic measurements taken by sensors on CTD: CTD, oxygen, backscatter, transmission, fluorometer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Silicate | Quantity: activity duration in days = 16 Description: Water samples taken from non-toxic supply.Samples taken every 6 hours for salinity, nutrients, DIC. Samples taken every 2 hours for chlorophyll. Electronic measurements of T and S were also recorded | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Silicate | Quantity: number of profiles = 5 Description: Samples taken from each of 12 bottles for salinity, nutrients, DIC, chlorophyll, HPLC, POC, PON, BSi. Samples were taken from a single CTD cast for trace metal analysis. Electronic measurements taken by sensors on CTD: CTD, oxygen, backscatter, transmission, fluorometer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trace elements | Quantity: number of profiles = 5 Description: Samples taken from each of 12 bottles for salinity, nutrients, DIC, chlorophyll, HPLC, POC, PON, BSi. Samples were taken from a single CTD cast for trace metal analysis. Electronic measurements taken by sensors on CTD: CTD, oxygen, backscatter, transmission, fluorometer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trace elements | Quantity: number of samples = 4 Description: Samples taken from OTE-Flo bottles deployed individually on Kevlar wire for trace metal analysis: 4 bottles in total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Biology and fisheries | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Phytoplankton pigs (eg chlorophyll, fluorescence) | Quantity: activity duration in days = 16 Description: Water samples taken from non-toxic supply.Samples taken every 6 hours for salinity, nutrients, DIC. Samples taken every 2 hours for chlorophyll. Electronic measurements of T and S were also recorded | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Phytoplankton pigs (eg chlorophyll, fluorescence) | Quantity: number of profiles = 5 Description: Samples taken from each of 12 bottles for salinity, nutrients, DIC, chlorophyll, HPLC, POC, PON, BSi. Samples were taken from a single CTD cast for trace metal analysis. Electronic measurements taken by sensors on CTD: CTD, oxygen, backscatter, transmission, fluorometer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Particulate organic matter (inc POC, PON) | Quantity: number of profiles = 5 Description: Samples taken from each of 12 bottles for salinity, nutrients, DIC, chlorophyll, HPLC, POC, PON, BSi. Samples were taken from a single CTD cast for trace metal analysis. Electronic measurements taken by sensors on CTD: CTD, oxygen, backscatter, transmission, fluorometer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Meteorology | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Routine standard measurements | Quantity: activity duration in days = 16 Description: Routine standard measurements | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Moorings, landers, buoys | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Physical oceanography | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transparency (eg transmissometer) | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — OOI SUMO-04 mooring data (available real-time from OOI webpage). Collected at 12 m on the Near Surface Instrument Frame (NSIF): CTD, Dissolved Oxygen, 3-channel Fluorescence (Chl a, CDOM, 700 m backscatter), Optical Attenuation and Absorption, Nitrate, pCO2, Water velocity, Spectral Irradiance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transparency (eg transmissometer) | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — OOI SUMO-04 mooring data (available real-time from OOI webpage). Collected on the mooring wire: CTD, pH at 20m, 2-channel Fluorescence (Chl a, 700 m backscatter), Dissolved Oxygen and pCO2 at 40, 80 and 130m, ADCP at 500m. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transparency (eg transmissometer) | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — OOI SUMO-04 mooring data (available real-time from OOI webpage). Collected at surface: CT, pCO2, Dissolved Oxygen, 3-channel Fluorescence (Chl a, CDOM, 700 m backscatter), Optical Attenuation and Absorption, Nitrate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transparency (eg transmissometer) | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — Two Slocum gliders (398 - Churchill; 404 - Pancake). BBFLSv9 twin backscatter, WetLab puck, Aanderaa optode. Seabird CTD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Optics (eg underwater light levels) | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — OOI SUMO-04 mooring data (available real-time from OOI webpage). Collected at 12 m on the Near Surface Instrument Frame (NSIF): CTD, Dissolved Oxygen, 3-channel Fluorescence (Chl a, CDOM, 700 m backscatter), Optical Attenuation and Absorption, Nitrate, pCO2, Water velocity, Spectral Irradiance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current meters | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — OOI SUMO-04 mooring data (available real-time from OOI webpage). Collected at 12 m on the Near Surface Instrument Frame (NSIF): CTD, Dissolved Oxygen, 3-channel Fluorescence (Chl a, CDOM, 700 m backscatter), Optical Attenuation and Absorption, Nitrate, pCO2, Water velocity, Spectral Irradiance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current profiler (eg ADCP) | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — OOI SUMO-04 mooring data (available real-time from OOI webpage). Collected on the mooring wire: CTD, pH at 20m, 2-channel Fluorescence (Chl a, 700 m backscatter), Dissolved Oxygen and pCO2 at 40, 80 and 130m, ADCP at 500m. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other physical oceanographic measurements | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — Two Slocum gliders (398 - Churchill; 404 - Pancake). BBFLSv9 twin backscatter, WetLab puck, Aanderaa optode. Seabird CTD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other physical oceanographic measurements | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — OOI SUMO-04 mooring data (available real-time from OOI webpage). Collected on the mooring wire: CTD, pH at 20m, 2-channel Fluorescence (Chl a, 700 m backscatter), Dissolved Oxygen and pCO2 at 40, 80 and 130m, ADCP at 500m. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other physical oceanographic measurements | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — OOI SUMO-04 mooring data (available real-time from OOI webpage). Collected at 12 m on the Near Surface Instrument Frame (NSIF): CTD, Dissolved Oxygen, 3-channel Fluorescence (Chl a, CDOM, 700 m backscatter), Optical Attenuation and Absorption, Nitrate, pCO2, Water velocity, Spectral Irradiance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other physical oceanographic measurements | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — OOI SUMO-04 mooring data (available real-time from OOI webpage). Collected at surface: CT, pCO2, Dissolved Oxygen, 3-channel Fluorescence (Chl a, CDOM, 700 m backscatter), Optical Attenuation and Absorption, Nitrate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical oceanography | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oxygen | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — OOI SUMO-04 mooring data (available real-time from OOI webpage). Collected at 12 m on the Near Surface Instrument Frame (NSIF): CTD, Dissolved Oxygen, 3-channel Fluorescence (Chl a, CDOM, 700 m backscatter), Optical Attenuation and Absorption, Nitrate, pCO2, Water velocity, Spectral Irradiance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oxygen | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — OOI SUMO-04 mooring data (available real-time from OOI webpage). Collected at surface: CT, pCO2, Dissolved Oxygen, 3-channel Fluorescence (Chl a, CDOM, 700 m backscatter), Optical Attenuation and Absorption, Nitrate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oxygen | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — Two Slocum gliders (398 - Churchill; 404 - Pancake). BBFLSv9 twin backscatter, WetLab puck, Aanderaa optode. Seabird CTD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oxygen | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — OOI SUMO-04 mooring data (available real-time from OOI webpage). Collected on the mooring wire: CTD, pH at 20m, 2-channel Fluorescence (Chl a, 700 m backscatter), Dissolved Oxygen and pCO2 at 40, 80 and 130m, ADCP at 500m. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carbon dioxide | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — OOI SUMO-04 mooring data (available real-time from OOI webpage). Collected at surface: CT, pCO2, Dissolved Oxygen, 3-channel Fluorescence (Chl a, CDOM, 700 m backscatter), Optical Attenuation and Absorption, Nitrate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carbon dioxide | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — OOI SUMO-04 mooring data (available real-time from OOI webpage). Collected on the mooring wire: CTD, pH at 20m, 2-channel Fluorescence (Chl a, 700 m backscatter), Dissolved Oxygen and pCO2 at 40, 80 and 130m, ADCP at 500m. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carbon dioxide | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — OOI SUMO-04 mooring data (available real-time from OOI webpage). Collected at 12 m on the Near Surface Instrument Frame (NSIF): CTD, Dissolved Oxygen, 3-channel Fluorescence (Chl a, CDOM, 700 m backscatter), Optical Attenuation and Absorption, Nitrate, pCO2, Water velocity, Spectral Irradiance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nitrate | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — OOI SUMO-04 mooring data (available real-time from OOI webpage). Collected at 12 m on the Near Surface Instrument Frame (NSIF): CTD, Dissolved Oxygen, 3-channel Fluorescence (Chl a, CDOM, 700 m backscatter), Optical Attenuation and Absorption, Nitrate, pCO2, Water velocity, Spectral Irradiance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nitrate | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — OOI SUMO-04 mooring data (available real-time from OOI webpage). Collected at surface: CT, pCO2, Dissolved Oxygen, 3-channel Fluorescence (Chl a, CDOM, 700 m backscatter), Optical Attenuation and Absorption, Nitrate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nitrate | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — Data from NOC silicate and nitrate Lab-on-Chip sensors integrated into OOI SUMO-4 mooring in the NSIF at 12m depth | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Silicate | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — Data from NOC silicate and nitrate Lab-on-Chip sensors integrated into OOI SUMO-4 mooring in the NSIF at 12m depth | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| pH | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — OOI SUMO-04 mooring data (available real-time from OOI webpage). Collected on the mooring wire: CTD, pH at 20m, 2-channel Fluorescence (Chl a, 700 m backscatter), Dissolved Oxygen and pCO2 at 40, 80 and 130m, ADCP at 500m. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Biology and fisheries | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Phytoplankton pigs (eg chlorophyll, fluorescence) | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — OOI SUMO-04 mooring data (available real-time from OOI webpage). Collected at 12 m on the Near Surface Instrument Frame (NSIF): CTD, Dissolved Oxygen, 3-channel Fluorescence (Chl a, CDOM, 700 m backscatter), Optical Attenuation and Absorption, Nitrate, pCO2, Water velocity, Spectral Irradiance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Phytoplankton pigs (eg chlorophyll, fluorescence) | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — OOI SUMO-04 mooring data (available real-time from OOI webpage). Collected on the mooring wire: CTD, pH at 20m, 2-channel Fluorescence (Chl a, 700 m backscatter), Dissolved Oxygen and pCO2 at 40, 80 and 130m, ADCP at 500m. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Phytoplankton pigs (eg chlorophyll, fluorescence) | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — Two Slocum gliders (398 - Churchill; 404 - Pancake). BBFLSv9 twin backscatter, WetLab puck, Aanderaa optode. Seabird CTD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Phytoplankton pigs (eg chlorophyll, fluorescence) | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — OOI SUMO-04 mooring data (available real-time from OOI webpage). Collected at surface: CT, pCO2, Dissolved Oxygen, 3-channel Fluorescence (Chl a, CDOM, 700 m backscatter), Optical Attenuation and Absorption, Nitrate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dissolved organic matter (inc DOC) | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — OOI SUMO-04 mooring data (available real-time from OOI webpage). Collected at surface: CT, pCO2, Dissolved Oxygen, 3-channel Fluorescence (Chl a, CDOM, 700 m backscatter), Optical Attenuation and Absorption, Nitrate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dissolved organic matter (inc DOC) | 54° 24' 25" S 89° 12' 21" W — OOI SUMO-04 mooring data (available real-time from OOI webpage). Collected at 12 m on the Near Surface Instrument Frame (NSIF): CTD, Dissolved Oxygen, 3-channel Fluorescence (Chl a, CDOM, 700 m backscatter), Optical Attenuation and Absorption, Nitrate, pCO2, Water velocity, Spectral Irradiance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data held at BODC | Get data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series/Profiles | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 Acoustic doppler current profiler | Reference numbers Horizontal spatial co-ordinates Date and time Vertical spatial coordinates Horizontal platform movement Horizontal velocity of the water column (currents) Reference numbers Horizontal spatial co-ordinates Date and time Vertical spatial coordinates Horizontal platform movement Horizontal velocity of the water column (currents)
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| 8 Bottle station | Reference numbers Dissolved total and organic nitrogen concentrations in the water column Nitrite concentration parameters in the water column Dissolved total or organic phosphorus concentration in the water column Vertical spatial coordinates Phosphate concentration parameters in the water column Silicate concentration parameters in the water column Nitrate concentration parameters in the water column Quality control flags Reference numbers Dissolved total and organic nitrogen concentrations in the water column Nitrite concentration parameters in the water column Dissolved total or organic phosphorus concentration in the water column Vertical spatial coordinates Phosphate concentration parameters in the water column Silicate concentration parameters in the water column Nitrate concentration parameters in the water column Quality control flags
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| 1 Pumped water sample | Horizontal spatial co-ordinates Date and time Nitrite concentration parameters in the water column Phosphate concentration parameters in the water column Silicate concentration parameters in the water column Nitrate concentration parameters in the water column Horizontal spatial co-ordinates Date and time Nitrite concentration parameters in the water column Phosphate concentration parameters in the water column Silicate concentration parameters in the water column Nitrate concentration parameters in the water column
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| Discrete samples | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 40 Sample taken from ship's non-toxic supply | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 |
