RRS Discovery DY151
Cruise summary report
| Cruise Info. | |
| Ship name (ship code) | RRS Discovery (74EQ) |
| Cruise identifier | DY151 |
| Cruise period | 2022-05-20 — 2022-06-26 |
| Status | Completed |
| Port of departure | Reykjavík, Iceland |
| Port of return | Southampton, United Kingdom |
| Purpose | Research |
| Objectives | The main objectives of the SEANA/M-Phase cruise are:
- To understand the sources and processes of aerosol particles over the open ocean at Labrador Sea and Davis Strait - To understand the formation and growth mechanisms of new particles over the open ocean at Labrador Sea and Davis Strait and to evaluate the role of melting sea ice in these processes - To determine the concentration and sources of cloud condensation nuclei and ice nuclei over the open ocean at the Labrador Sea and Davis Strait - To update a global aerosol model based on mechanistic understanding on particle source and processes from the observations (post-cruise objective). DY151 focuses on atmospheric observations. The RRS DISCOVERY departed Reykjavik Iceland on the 20th May 2022 and visited and Labrador Sea and Davis Strait before returning to Southampton on 27 June. Onboard were teams from the Universities of Birmingham, Exeter, York, and Zhjiang, British Antarctic Survey, and Plymouth Marine Laboratory. Operations onboard included the measurement of atmospheric parameters – from size distributions of particles from 1 nm to 20 µm; gaseous pollutants such as volatile organic compounds, reactive nitrogen species, HCHO, carbon monoxide, and sulphur dioxide; molecular clusters and highly oxygenated organic compounds forming new particles; chemical composition of aerosol particles including both organic molecular tracers and inorganic species; concentration and mixing state of black carbon; concentrations of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10; optical properties of atmospheric particles and radiation; surface ocean biogeochemical parameters; and the routinely measured parameters onboard such as salinity. Overall, the number of instruments more than doubled from the original SEANA and M-Phase proposals. Thanks to significantly enhanced science capacity and the synergies between the SEANA and M-Phase projects, DY151 has delivered significant additional science than planned in the original proposals. |
| Chief scientist | Zongbo Shi (University of Birmingham School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences) |
| Cruise report |  (4.31 MB) |
| Ocean/sea areas | |
| General | North Atlantic Ocean Davis Strait Labrador Sea (Davis Strait) Arctic Ocean |
| Specific | Labrador Sea, Davis Strait |
| Track charts | (0.18 MB) |
| Measurements | |
| Chemical oceanography | |
| Other dissolved gases | Quantity: number of samples = 69 Description: Collection of seawater samples from Surface underway for post-cruise analysis of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon and total alkalinity |
| Biology and fisheries | |
| Phytoplankton pigs (eg chlorophyll, fluorescence) | Quantity: number of samples = 113 Description: Samples for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) post-cruise analysis. Surface underway |
| Meteorology | |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: number of samples = 22 Description: Discrete aerosol samples collected on filters with MCV high volume samplers. Samples will be stored for offline analyses in the future to determine aerosol composition. |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: number of samples = 25 Description: 48hr integrated samples on quartz filter for primary and secondary organic tracer, using a Digitel high vol sampler. Samples will be stored for offline analyses in the future to determine aerosol composition. |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: number of samples = 6 Description: 48hr integrated samples on PTFE filer 24-hr PM2.5 for offline analysis using a Partisol sampler. Samples will be stored for offline analyses in the future to determine aerosol composition. |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: number of samples = 12 Description: 48hr integrated samples on Polycarbonate: SEM individual particle, using a minivol PM10 sampler. Samples will be stored for offline analyses in the future to determine aerosol composition. |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: activity duration in days = 15 Description: 30 min resolution continuous obsevations of Non-refractory aerosol composition using an Aerodyne Aerosl Chemical Speciation Monitor |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: activity duration in days = 30 Description: 0.1 second continuous obsevations of VOC concentration using an IONICON Proton Transfer Reaction – Mass Spectrometer |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: activity duration in days = 30 Description: 1 min continuous observations of greenhouse gases (CO2, N2O and CH4) using a Picarro G2504 gas analyser |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: activity duration in days = 30 Description: 4 hourly continous obsevation of the metal concentration in PM2.5 using Copper Environment‘s Xact (an online X-ray Floursence instrument) |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: activity duration in days = 30 Description: 1 min continous obsevation of coarse particles size distribution using an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: activity duration in days = 20 Description: Continous observation of single particle composition using an online single particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: activity duration in days = 25 Description: 1 min continuous observation of non-refractory PM2.5 composition using an Aerodyne High Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometer |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: activity duration in days = 18 Description: 30 second continuous measurement of the concentration of HONO using a LOPAP analyser |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: activity duration in days = 25 Description: 1 min resolution continuous observation of the concentration of NO2 and HCHO gases using a Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy and LOPAP analyser |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: activity duration in days = 7 Description: 5 min resolution continuous observation of the size distribution of particles from 10-1000nm using a TSI Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: activity duration in days = 22 Description: 5 min resolution continuous observation of the size distribution of particles from 2-165nm using a TSI Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: number of samples = 240 Description: Discrete aerosol samples for single particle composition anlaysis, using impactor samplers |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: activity duration in days = 30 Description: 1 min resolution continous obversation of light scattering using a nepholometer |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: activity duration in days = 15 Description: 0.2 second resolution continous observation of SO2 concentration using a custom made LIF instrument |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: activity duration in days = 30 Description: 6 min resolution measurement of ice-nucleating particle concentrations at ?28 °C using an online PINE Chamber |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: activity duration in days = 30 Description: 135 second resolution continuous obsevations of size distribution of airborne particles from 15-661 nm using Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (TSI Long column SMPS) |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: activity duration in days = 32 Description: 20 second resolution continuous observations of size distribution of airborne particle from 0.5-20 µm using Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (TSI APS) |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: activity duration in days = 32 Description: 5 min resolution continuous observation of bioaerosols using a Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor (WIBS) |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: activity duration in days = 17 Description: 1.4 second resolution continuous observations of size distribution of airborne particles using two Optical Particle Counters (AlphaSense OPC-N3) |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: number of samples = 22 Description: 12 h to 48 h integrated sampling of aerosols onto polycarbonate filters using a Total Suspended Particulate inlet (Digitel DPA14) for measuring ice-nucleating particle concentrations |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: number of samples = 14 Description: 12 h to 48 h integrated sampling of aerosols onto polycarbonate filters using a PM10 or PM2.5 inlet (MesaLabs BGI PQ100) for measuring ice-nucleating particle concentrations |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: number of samples = 6 Description: 12 h to 48 h integrated sampling of aerosols onto polycarbonate filters using a PM10 inlet (MesaLabs BGI PQ100) for characterisation of aerosols by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: activity duration in days = 30 Description: 1 second resolution continuous obsevations of atmospheric NOx/NOy/CO/O3 concentration using gas analysers |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: number of samples = 34 Description: Air bag samples (3l) for methane isotope analysis |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: activity duration in days = 30 Description: 15 min resolution continuous obsevations of black carbon concentration using an Athenometer AE33 |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: activity duration in days = 30 Description: 1 min resolution continuous obsevations of NH3 concentration using an AIRrmonia instrument |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: activity duration in days = 30 Description: 0.2 second continuous obsevations of the concentration of ions / clusters / Highly oxidised organic matter using an Atmospheric Pressure Interface- Time of Flight – Mass Spectrometer (API-ToF) |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: activity duration in days = 30 Description: 5 second resolution continous observation of the size distribution of particles from 0.25 to 10 µm using a GRIMM 11D Optical Particle Counter |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: number of samples = 11 Description: 2-3 day integrated sampling onto polycarbonate filters using a cascade impactor for ice-nucleating particle analyisis |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: activity duration in days = 30 Description: 0.1 second resolution continuous observations of black carbon concentration and size using a Droplet Measurement Technologies SP2XR instrument |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: activity duration in days = 30 Description: 5 minutes resolution continuous obsevations of size distribution of airborne particles from 15-661 nm using a TSI Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: activity duration in days = 30 Description: 1 second resolution continuous obsevations of total number of of airborne particles from 4 nm using Grimm Condensation Particle Counter |
| Atmospheric chemistry | Quantity: activity duration in days = 30 Description: 1 second resolution continuous obsevations of size distribution of airborne particles from 1-3 nm using Particle Size Magnifier |
| Other meteorological measurements | Quantity: number of samples = 18 Description: Low volume filter samples on polycarbonate filters (0.2µm pore size) for offline analysis of ice nucleating particles |
| Other meteorological measurements | Quantity: activity duration in days = 25 Description: 1 second resolution continuous obsevations of cloud condensation nuclei using a Droplet Measurement Technologies CCN counter. |
| Other meteorological measurements | Quantity: activity duration in days = 30 Description: 1 second resolution continuous observation of light extinction using a Cavity Attenuated Phase Shift Spectroscopy |
