Metadata Report for BODC Series Reference Number 1872268

• Metadata Summary

• Problem Reports

• Data Access Policy

• Narrative Documents

• Project Information

• Data Activity or Cruise Information

• Fixed Station Information

• BODC Quality Flags

• SeaDataNet Quality Flags

Metadata Summary

Problem Reports

No Problem Report Found in the Database

Data Access Policy

Open Data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)

You must always use the following attribution statement to acknowledge the source of the information: "Contains data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council."

Narrative Documents

Niskin Bottle

The Niskin bottle is a device used by oceanographers to collect subsurface seawater samples. It is a plastic bottle with caps and rubber seals at each end and is deployed with the caps held open, allowing free-flushing of the bottle as it moves through the water column.

Standard Niskin

The standard version of the bottle includes a plastic-coated metal spring or elastic cord running through the interior of the bottle that joins the two caps, and the caps are held open against the spring by plastic lanyards. When the bottle reaches the desired depth the lanyards are released by a pressure-actuated switch, command signal or messenger weight and the caps are forced shut and sealed, trapping the seawater sample.

Lever Action Niskin

The Lever Action Niskin Bottle differs from the standard version, in that the caps are held open during deployment by externally mounted stainless steel springs rather than an internal spring or cord. Lever Action Niskins are recommended for applications where a completely clear sample chamber is critical or for use in deep cold water.

Clean Sampling

A modified version of the standard Niskin bottle has been developed for clean sampling. This is teflon-coated and uses a latex cord to close the caps rather than a metal spring. The clean version of the Levered Action Niskin bottle is also teflon-coated and uses epoxy covered springs in place of the stainless steel springs. These bottles are specifically designed to minimise metal contamination when sampling trace metals.

Deployment

Bottles may be deployed singly clamped to a wire or in groups of up to 48 on a rosette. Standard bottles and Lever Action bottles have a capacity between 1.7 and 30 L. Reversing thermometers may be attached to a spring-loaded disk that rotates through 180° on bottle closure.

AMT16 extracted chlorophyll-a measured fluormetrically from CTD bottle and underway samples

Data Acquisition and Analysis

This data originates from analyses on samples collected from CTD rosette bottles for 64 CTD casts and from the ship's non-toxic supply. Water-column sampling during AMT16 concentrated around collection of the main core measurements from 5 or 6 light depths from the predawn CTD cast (~0200 - 0400h local time), with a reduced set of measurements and depths from the late morning 'optics' cast (1100h local time).

Water samples from the 5-6 main light depths were collected from CTD bottles and underway samples from the ship's non-toxic supply every 4-5 hours. These samples were filtered on 25 mm GFF filters. Filters were extracted in 90% acetone for 24 hrs and total chlorophyll-a measured with a TD-700 Turner Designs fluorometer following the procedure of Welschmeyer (1994) which minimises interference by chlorophyll-b. The fluorometer was calibrated with dilutions of a solution of pure chlorophyll-a (Sigma, UK) in 90% acetone, the concentration of which was determined spectrophotometrically after the cruise.

References Cited

Welschmeyer N.A., 1994. Fluorometric analysis of chlorophyll-a in the presence of chlorophyll-b and phaeopigments. Limnology and Oceanography, 39, 1985-1992.

Instrumentation Description

Not relevant to this dataset.

BODC Data Processing Procedures

Data were submitted to BODC in an Excel spreadsheet and accessioned under BODC archive SOC050136. Sample metadata provided (CTD cast, date, time, lat/lon and depth) were checked against information held in the database. There were 2 discrepancies: cast 2 had two samples with very different values from 20 m, the data originator was contacted and confirmed there was a typing error and the second values should be from 30m; cast 43 had sample depths provided that did not match the depths at which the bottles were fired returned from the CTD files (21, 57 and 120m in originators file loaded to 42, 68 and 112m bottle firing depths respectively). There were also 2 samples from 50 m on cast 2 and the data originator confirmed this was correct, these data were averaged and entered into the database at 50 m.

Parameter codes defined in BODC parameter dictionary were assigned to the variable. The units supplied in the spreadsheet were mg l^-1, however comparison with data values reported from onboard calibration in the Cruise Report and sensor range of fluorometer (from manufacturer's website) suggests this is an error and the data should be labelled mg m^-3(equivalent to µg l^-1).

Data loaded into BODC's database without any changes applied.

A parameter mapping table is provided below;

Data Quality Report

The data originator indicated 4 values where it was felt these data might be lower than they should be. These have been flagged 'L'.

Problem Report

Not relevant to this dataset.

AMT16 Size Fractioned Chlorophyll-a from CTD bottles and surface underway

Originator's Protocol for Data Acquisition and Analysis

These data originate from samples collected onboard the RRS Discovery between 20 May and 29 June 2005. Samples for chlorophyll analysis were collected from 6 light depths during the late morning 'optics' cast. Light depths were selected assuming that the 1% surface irradiance corresponded to the fluorescence or chlorophyll maximum. One sample from the surface underway was analysed.

Chlorophyll concentration was determined using acetone extraction and fluorometry. Measurements were made onboard using a TD-700 Turner Designs fluorometer, calibrated with fresh chlorophyll-a standard (Sigma, UK) in 90% acetone. The system was set up to measure chlorophyll-a in the presence of chlorophyll-b (Welschmeyer, 1994).

References

Welschmeyer, N.A. 1994. Fluorometric analysis of chlorophyll a in the presence of chlorophyll b and phaeopigments. Limnology and Oceanography 39(8), 1985-1992.

Instrumentation Description

Not relevant to this dataset.

BODC data processing procedures

Data were submitted to BODC in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet format and archived to the BODC database under accession SOC110235. Sample metadata were checked against information held in the database - there were no discrepancies. For CTD bottle samples the following size-fractions were analysed: 0.2-2 µm, 2-5 µm, 2-10 µm, 5-10 µm, >10 µm and total chlorophyll. For underway samples, size fractions 0.2-2 µm, 2-5 µm, >5 µm and total chlorophyll were analysed. Parameter codes defined in the BODC parameter dictionary were assigned to each variable. The data were assigned parameter codes defined in the BODC parameter dictionary; no unit conversions were applied as the data were provided in units consistent with those used for the parameters assigned. Data were loaded into BODC's database using established BODC data banking procedures.

A parameter mapping table is provided below;

Data Quality Report

BODC has not been advised of any QC checks performed by the data originator before submission to BODC. No data were flagged by BODC.

Problem Report

Not relevant to this dataset.

Project Information

The Atlantic Meridional Transect - Phase 2 (2002-2006)

Who was involved in the project?

The Atlantic Meridional Transect Phase 2 was designed by and implemented by a number of UK research centres and universities. The programme was hosted by Plymouth Marine Laboratory in collaboration with the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton. The universities involved were:

• University of Liverpool
• University of Newcastle
• University of Plymouth
• University of Southampton
• University of East Anglia

What was the project about?

AMT began in 1995, with scientific aims to assess mesoscale to basin scale phytoplankton processes, the functional interpretation of bio-optical signatures and the seasonal, regional and latitudinal variations in mesozooplankton dynamics. In 2002, when the programme restarted, the scientific aims were broadened to address a suite of cross-disciplinary questions concerning ocean plankton ecology and biogeochemistry and the links to atmospheric processes.

The objectives included the determination of:

• how the structure, functional properties and trophic status of the major planktonic ecosystems vary in space and time
• how physical processes control the rates of nutrient supply to the planktonic ecosystem
• how atmosphere-ocean exchange and photo-degradation influence the formation and fate of organic matter

The data were collected with the aim of being distributed for use in the development of models to describe the interactions between the global climate system and ocean biogeochemistry.

When was the project active?

The second phase of funding allowed the project to continue for the period 2002 to 2006 and consisted of six research cruises. The first phase of the AMT programme ran from 1995 to 2000.

Brief summary of the project fieldwork/data

The fieldwork on the first three cruises was carried out along transects from the UK to the Falkland Islands in September and from the Falkland Islands to the UK in April. The last three cruises followed a cruise track between the UK and South Africa, only deviating from the traditional transect in the southern hemisphere. During this phase the research cruises sampled further into the centre of the North and South Atlantic Ocean and also along the north-west coast of Africa where upwelled nutrient rich water is known to provide a significant source of climatically important gases.

Who funded the project?

Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)

Data Activity or Cruise Information

Data Activity

BODC Sample Metadata Report for AMT16_CTD_CTD058s

Please note: the supplied parameters may not have been sampled from all the bottle firings described in the table above. Cross-match the Sample Reference Number above against the SAMPRFNM value in the data file to identify the relevant metadata.

Related Data Activity activities are detailed in Appendix 1

Cruise

Complete Cruise Metadata Report is available here

Fixed Station Information

No Fixed Station Information held for the Series

BODC Quality Control Flags

The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:

SeaDataNet Quality Control Flags

The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:

Appendix 1: AMT16_CTD_CTD058s

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