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RRS James Clark Ross JR19001
Cruise summary report
Cruise Info. | |
Ship name (ship code) | RRS James Clark Ross (74JC) |
Cruise identifier | JR19001 |
Cruise period | 2019-11-15 — 2019-12-26 |
Status | Completed |
Port of departure | Punta Arenas, Chile |
Port of return | Punta Arenas, Chile |
Purpose | Research |
Objectives | Polar Ocean Ecosystem Time Series - Western Core Box
JR19001 was the 24th occupation of the Polar Ocean Ecosystem Time Series Western Core Box (POETS-WCB). The cruise occupied stations within the Scotia Sea, including around the South Orkneys, South Georgia and a transect crossing the polar front to the Falkland Islands. Key objectives of the cruise include: 1) Collection of acoustic, net and oceanographic data around South Georgia - contributing to a 24 year unique time series of mesoscale distribution and abundance of Antarctic krill and other zooplankton and an understanding of their physical environment within the region of South Georgia, South Atlantic (1996 - current). South Georgia is an area of high regional biodiversity, supporting large numbers of endemic and range-edge species. The pelagic ecosystem in this region is extremely productive with intense phytoplankton blooms supporting a rich food web that includes zooplankton, in particular large densities of Antarctic krill, and vertebrate predators (penguins, seals and whales). These data are required to understand the long-term variability in krill biomass at South Georgia and the influences from climatic variability, fishing pressure and predation. 2) Recovery and redeployment of two ocean moorings, one on-shelf mooring at South Georgia to measure krill all year round, and one deep water mooring that collects ocean biogeochemistry measurements. The open ocean sustained observations in the area are carried out as part of the SCOOBIES (SCotia sea Open-Ocean BIological laboratoriES) programme, a NERC National Capability Science (Single) funding (NC-SS) project with a primary purpose to consider the flux of carbon to deep ocean layers as well as monitoring ocean chemistry parameters, particular in relation to ocean acidification. This moored instrumentation complements the WCB surveys by providing year round temporal sampling of environmental conditions and acoustic backscatter. 3) A cross polar front transect and stations to collect mesopelagic fish and micronekton to examine the origin of myctophid fish in the Scotia Sea and investigate pollutants within the southern ocean ecosystem (in particular microplastics). 4) Antarctic krill were caught from the South Orkneys and around South Georgia to examine krill reflectance spectra to support measurements of Antarctic krill from space, and to examine the influence of nanoplastics on krill ecology. 5) Water samples were collected from across the area to sample for coccolithophores and for eDNA from Antarctic icefishes. 6) Foraminifera were collected from nets to estimate their contribution to the biological carbon pump, and their ecology and evolution in high latitudes. JR19001 combined logistical elements of base relief at the BAS research stations Signy, Bird Island and KEP, followed by science and then a logistics visit to Mare Harbour in the Falkland Islands. The cruise consisted of the following: South Orkney sampling 1. Net sampling (RMT8 and bongo) for Antartic krill and forminifera 2. Floating sediment trap (24 hour deployment) 3. Four CTDs on an onshore/offshore transect for icefish eDNA POETS - WCB survey 1. Acoustic survey during daylight hours using multi-frequency (38, 70, 120 & 200 kHz) Simrad EK60 echosounder. Two transects to be run each day during a four day period. 2. Deployment of the CTD at minimum of two stations per night during survey. 3. Continuous operation of underway data logging system (bathymetry, location, sea surface temperature, sea currents, etc.). 4. Net sampling (RMT8 and other zooplankton/micronekton nets) at night-time stations plus target fishing during both night and day to ground-truth acoustic data. 5. Acoustic calibration using standard sphere techniques was undertaken in the Stromness Harbour, a deep-water harbour on the North coast of South Georgia. 6. Recovery of WCB mooring. Download data, refurbish and replace batteries |
Chief scientist | Sophie Fielding (British Antarctic Survey) |
Project | Western Core Box |
Coordinating body | British Antarctic Survey (BAS) |
Cruise report | (4.70 MB) |
Ocean/sea areas | |
General | Southern Ocean Unknown |
Track charts | (0.62 MB) |
Measurements | |
Physical oceanography | |
Surface measurements underway (T,S) | Quantity: activity duration in days = 42 Description: Underway temperature, salinity, fluorescence, air temperature, wind speed |
Water bottle stations | Quantity: number of profiles = 32 Description: Conductivity-temperature-depth casts recording conductivity, temperature, depth, fluorescence, PAR, lowered ADCP. Discrete Niskin bottle samples for analysis of chlorophyll a concentration, phytoplankton species, Particulate Organic Matter (POM), Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), High Molecular Weight Dissolved Organic Matter (H-DOM) and phytoplankton and fish DNA |
CTD stations | Quantity: number of profiles = 32 Description: Conductivity-temperature-depth casts recording conductivity, temperature, depth, fluorescence, PAR, lowered ADCP. Discrete Niskin bottle samples for analysis of chlorophyll a concentration, phytoplankton species, Particulate Organic Matter (POM), Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), High Molecular Weight Dissolved Organic Matter (H-DOM) and phytoplankton and fish DNA |
Optics (eg underwater light levels) | Quantity: number of profiles = 32 Description: Conductivity-temperature-depth casts recording conductivity, temperature, depth, fluorescence, PAR, lowered ADCP. Discrete Niskin bottle samples for analysis of chlorophyll a concentration, phytoplankton species, Particulate Organic Matter (POM), Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), High Molecular Weight Dissolved Organic Matter (H-DOM) and phytoplankton and fish DNA |
Current profiler (eg ADCP) | Quantity: activity duration in days = 42 Description: Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler measurements 75 kHz |
Current profiler (eg ADCP) | Quantity: number of profiles = 32 Description: Conductivity-temperature-depth casts recording conductivity, temperature, depth, fluorescence, PAR, lowered ADCP. Discrete Niskin bottle samples for analysis of chlorophyll a concentration, phytoplankton species, Particulate Organic Matter (POM), Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), High Molecular Weight Dissolved Organic Matter (H-DOM) and phytoplankton and fish DNA |
Chemical oceanography | |
Isotopes | Quantity: number of hauls = 11 Description: Rectangular Midwater Trawl 25 (RMT25) opening and closing nets (25m), cod-end mesh size 5mm. Two nets each event. Oblique trawls for zooplankton and fish samples. Macrozooplankton sampling, incubation experiments (temperature, acidification, mercury, nanoplastic effects on reproduction success), length frequency and stable isotope analysis |
Isotopes | Quantity: number of profiles = 32 Description: Conductivity-temperature-depth casts recording conductivity, temperature, depth, fluorescence, PAR, lowered ADCP. Discrete Niskin bottle samples for analysis of chlorophyll a concentration, phytoplankton species, Particulate Organic Matter (POM), Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), High Molecular Weight Dissolved Organic Matter (H-DOM) and phytoplankton and fish DNA |
Isotopes | Quantity: number of hauls = 22 Description: Rectangular Midwater Trawl 8 (RMT8) opening and closing nets (8m), mesh size 5mm. Two nets each event. Targeted hauls for Antarctic krill and oblique trawls for zooplankton samples. Macrozooplankton sampling, incubation experiments (temperature, acidification, mercury, nanoplastic effects on reproduction success), length frequency and stable isotope analysis |
Contamination | |
Contaminants in organisms | Quantity: number of hauls = 22 Description: Rectangular Midwater Trawl 8 (RMT8) opening and closing nets (8m), mesh size 5mm. Two nets each event. Targeted hauls for Antarctic krill and oblique trawls for zooplankton samples. Macrozooplankton sampling, incubation experiments (temperature, acidification, mercury, nanoplastic effects on reproduction success), length frequency and stable isotope analysis |
Contaminants in organisms | Quantity: number of hauls = 11 Description: Rectangular Midwater Trawl 25 (RMT25) opening and closing nets (25m), cod-end mesh size 5mm. Two nets each event. Oblique trawls for zooplankton and fish samples. Macrozooplankton sampling, incubation experiments (temperature, acidification, mercury, nanoplastic effects on reproduction success), length frequency and stable isotope analysis |
Contaminants in organisms | Quantity: number of deployments = 2 Description: Floating Sediment Trap. Samples were preserved to be analysed for Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and nano and microplastics |
Other contaminant measurements | Quantity: number of deployments = 2 Description: Floating Sediment Trap. Samples were preserved to be analysed for Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and nano and microplastics |
Biology and fisheries | |
Phytoplankton pigs (eg chlorophyll, fluorescence) | Quantity: number of profiles = 32 Description: Conductivity-temperature-depth casts recording conductivity, temperature, depth, fluorescence, PAR, lowered ADCP. Discrete Niskin bottle samples for analysis of chlorophyll a concentration, phytoplankton species, Particulate Organic Matter (POM), Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), High Molecular Weight Dissolved Organic Matter (H-DOM) and phytoplankton and fish DNA |
Particulate organic matter (inc POC, PON) | Quantity: number of profiles = 32 Description: Conductivity-temperature-depth casts recording conductivity, temperature, depth, fluorescence, PAR, lowered ADCP. Discrete Niskin bottle samples for analysis of chlorophyll a concentration, phytoplankton species, Particulate Organic Matter (POM), Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), High Molecular Weight Dissolved Organic Matter (H-DOM) and phytoplankton and fish DNA |
Dissolved organic matter (inc DOC) | Quantity: number of deployments = 2 Description: Floating Sediment Trap. Samples were preserved to be analysed for Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and nano and microplastics |
Dissolved organic matter (inc DOC) | Quantity: number of profiles = 32 Description: Conductivity-temperature-depth casts recording conductivity, temperature, depth, fluorescence, PAR, lowered ADCP. Discrete Niskin bottle samples for analysis of chlorophyll a concentration, phytoplankton species, Particulate Organic Matter (POM), Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), High Molecular Weight Dissolved Organic Matter (H-DOM) and phytoplankton and fish DNA |
Sediment traps | Quantity: number of deployments = 2 Description: Floating Sediment Trap. Samples were preserved to be analysed for Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and nano and microplastics |
Phytoplankton | Quantity: number of profiles = 32 Description: Conductivity-temperature-depth casts recording conductivity, temperature, depth, fluorescence, PAR, lowered ADCP. Discrete Niskin bottle samples for analysis of chlorophyll a concentration, phytoplankton species, Particulate Organic Matter (POM), Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), High Molecular Weight Dissolved Organic Matter (H-DOM) and phytoplankton and fish DNA |
Phytoplankton | Quantity: number of hauls = 16 Description: Bongo net, mesh sizes 100µm and 200µm. Sampled for plankton and Foraminifera incubation experiments |
Zooplankton | Quantity: number of hauls = 22 Description: Rectangular Midwater Trawl 8 (RMT8) opening and closing nets (8m), mesh size 5mm. Two nets each event. Targeted hauls for Antarctic krill and oblique trawls for zooplankton samples. Macrozooplankton sampling, incubation experiments (temperature, acidification, mercury, nanoplastic effects on reproduction success), length frequency and stable isotope analysis |
Zooplankton | Quantity: number of hauls = 16 Description: Bongo net, mesh sizes 100µm and 200µm. Sampled for plankton and Foraminifera incubation experiments |
Zooplankton | Quantity: number of hauls = 11 Description: Rectangular Midwater Trawl 25 (RMT25) opening and closing nets (25m), cod-end mesh size 5mm. Two nets each event. Oblique trawls for zooplankton and fish samples. Macrozooplankton sampling, incubation experiments (temperature, acidification, mercury, nanoplastic effects on reproduction success), length frequency and stable isotope analysis |
Zooplankton | Quantity: number of hauls = 10 Description: Multiple Opening and Closing Net and Environmental Sampling System (MOCNESS) 9 opening and closing nets, mesh size 0.3mm, in vertical profiles to a depth of 1000m. Sampled for zooplankton and fish. |
Nekton | Quantity: number of hauls = 11 Description: Rectangular Midwater Trawl 25 (RMT25) opening and closing nets (25m), cod-end mesh size 5mm. Two nets each event. Oblique trawls for zooplankton and fish samples. Macrozooplankton sampling, incubation experiments (temperature, acidification, mercury, nanoplastic effects on reproduction success), length frequency and stable isotope analysis |
Nekton | Quantity: number of hauls = 22 Description: Rectangular Midwater Trawl 8 (RMT8) opening and closing nets (8m), mesh size 5mm. Two nets each event. Targeted hauls for Antarctic krill and oblique trawls for zooplankton samples. Macrozooplankton sampling, incubation experiments (temperature, acidification, mercury, nanoplastic effects on reproduction success), length frequency and stable isotope analysis |
Eggs and larvae | Quantity: number of hauls = 11 Description: Rectangular Midwater Trawl 25 (RMT25) opening and closing nets (25m), cod-end mesh size 5mm. Two nets each event. Oblique trawls for zooplankton and fish samples. Macrozooplankton sampling, incubation experiments (temperature, acidification, mercury, nanoplastic effects on reproduction success), length frequency and stable isotope analysis |
Eggs and larvae | Quantity: number of hauls = 4 Description: Neuston net, mesh sizes 600µm. Samples were preserved to be analysed for fish larvae. |
Eggs and larvae | Quantity: number of hauls = 22 Description: Rectangular Midwater Trawl 8 (RMT8) opening and closing nets (8m), mesh size 5mm. Two nets each event. Targeted hauls for Antarctic krill and oblique trawls for zooplankton samples. Macrozooplankton sampling, incubation experiments (temperature, acidification, mercury, nanoplastic effects on reproduction success), length frequency and stable isotope analysis |
Eggs and larvae | Quantity: number of hauls = 10 Description: Multiple Opening and Closing Net and Environmental Sampling System (MOCNESS) 9 opening and closing nets, mesh size 0.3mm, in vertical profiles to a depth of 1000m. Sampled for zooplankton and fish. |
Pelagic fish | Quantity: number of hauls = 11 Description: Rectangular Midwater Trawl 25 (RMT25) opening and closing nets (25m), cod-end mesh size 5mm. Two nets each event. Oblique trawls for zooplankton and fish samples. Macrozooplankton sampling, incubation experiments (temperature, acidification, mercury, nanoplastic effects on reproduction success), length frequency and stable isotope analysis |
Pelagic fish | Quantity: number of hauls = 10 Description: Multiple Opening and Closing Net and Environmental Sampling System (MOCNESS) 9 opening and closing nets, mesh size 0.3mm, in vertical profiles to a depth of 1000m. Sampled for zooplankton and fish. |
Pelagic fish | Quantity: number of hauls = 22 Description: Rectangular Midwater Trawl 8 (RMT8) opening and closing nets (8m), mesh size 5mm. Two nets each event. Targeted hauls for Antarctic krill and oblique trawls for zooplankton samples. Macrozooplankton sampling, incubation experiments (temperature, acidification, mercury, nanoplastic effects on reproduction success), length frequency and stable isotope analysis |
Acoustic reflection on marine organisms. | Quantity: activity duration in days = 42 Description: EK60 operating at 38, 70, 120, 200 and 333 kHz. Calibrated at Stromness Harbour, South Georgia |
Other biological/fisheries measurement | Quantity: number of samples = 46 Description: Underway water samples for phytoplankton and fish DNA |
Other biological/fisheries measurement | Quantity: number of profiles = 32 Description: Conductivity-temperature-depth casts recording conductivity, temperature, depth, fluorescence, PAR, lowered ADCP. Discrete Niskin bottle samples for analysis of chlorophyll a concentration, phytoplankton species, Particulate Organic Matter (POM), Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), High Molecular Weight Dissolved Organic Matter (H-DOM) and phytoplankton and fish DNA |
Moorings, landers, buoys | |
Physical oceanography | |
CTD stations | 52° 47' 55" S 40° 9' 30" W — Site: P3, recovered on 03/12/2019. Instrumentation SBE CTD (~200m and ~600m), Sediment trap (~2000m), SAMI pH meter, Phytoplankton sampler(~300m), PCO2 (~200m) |
CTD stations | 53° 47' 52" S 37° 56' 2" W — Site: WCB, deployed on 10/12/2019. Instrumentation: SBE CTD (~200m), SonoVault acoustic listening (~250m), WBAT (120 kHz) echosounder, ADCP, SoundTrap ST300 |
CTD stations | 52° 48' 28" S 40° 6' 55" W — Site: P3, deployed on 12/12/2019. Instrumentation: SBE CTD (~200m and ~600m), RDI ADCP (~200m), Seaguard current meter & O2 sensor (~600m and ~2000m), Aquamonitor (~600m), Sediment trap (~2000m), |
CTD stations | 53° 47' 52" S 37° 56' 2" W — Site: WCB, recovered on 07/12/2019. Instrumentation: SBE CTD (~200m), SonoVault acoustic listening (~250m), WBAT (120 kHz) echosounder, ADCP |
Current meters | 52° 48' 28" S 40° 6' 55" W — Site: P3, deployed on 12/12/2019. Instrumentation: SBE CTD (~200m and ~600m), RDI ADCP (~200m), Seaguard current meter & O2 sensor (~600m and ~2000m), Aquamonitor (~600m), Sediment trap (~2000m), |
Current profiler (eg ADCP) | 52° 48' 28" S 40° 6' 55" W — Site: P3, deployed on 12/12/2019. Instrumentation: SBE CTD (~200m and ~600m), RDI ADCP (~200m), Seaguard current meter & O2 sensor (~600m and ~2000m), Aquamonitor (~600m), Sediment trap (~2000m), |
Current profiler (eg ADCP) | 53° 47' 52" S 37° 56' 2" W — Site: WCB, deployed on 10/12/2019. Instrumentation: SBE CTD (~200m), SonoVault acoustic listening (~250m), WBAT (120 kHz) echosounder, ADCP, SoundTrap ST300 |
Current profiler (eg ADCP) | 53° 47' 52" S 37° 56' 2" W — Site: WCB, recovered on 07/12/2019. Instrumentation: SBE CTD (~200m), SonoVault acoustic listening (~250m), WBAT (120 kHz) echosounder, ADCP |
Chemical oceanography | |
Oxygen | 52° 48' 28" S 40° 6' 55" W — Site: P3, deployed on 12/12/2019. Instrumentation: SBE CTD (~200m and ~600m), RDI ADCP (~200m), Seaguard current meter & O2 sensor (~600m and ~2000m), Aquamonitor (~600m), Sediment trap (~2000m), |
Carbon dioxide | 52° 47' 55" S 40° 9' 30" W — Site: P3, recovered on 03/12/2019. Instrumentation SBE CTD (~200m and ~600m), Sediment trap (~2000m), SAMI pH meter, Phytoplankton sampler(~300m), PCO2 (~200m) |
pH | 52° 47' 55" S 40° 9' 30" W — Site: P3, recovered on 03/12/2019. Instrumentation SBE CTD (~200m and ~600m), Sediment trap (~2000m), SAMI pH meter, Phytoplankton sampler(~300m), PCO2 (~200m) |
Other chemical oceanographic measurements | 52° 48' 28" S 40° 6' 55" W — Site: P3, deployed on 12/12/2019. Instrumentation: SBE CTD (~200m and ~600m), RDI ADCP (~200m), Seaguard current meter & O2 sensor (~600m and ~2000m), Aquamonitor (~600m), Sediment trap (~2000m), |
Biology and fisheries | |
Sediment traps | 52° 47' 55" S 40° 9' 30" W — Site: P3, recovered on 03/12/2019. Instrumentation SBE CTD (~200m and ~600m), Sediment trap (~2000m), SAMI pH meter, Phytoplankton sampler(~300m), PCO2 (~200m) |
Sediment traps | 52° 48' 28" S 40° 6' 55" W — Site: P3, deployed on 12/12/2019. Instrumentation: SBE CTD (~200m and ~600m), RDI ADCP (~200m), Seaguard current meter & O2 sensor (~600m and ~2000m), Aquamonitor (~600m), Sediment trap (~2000m), |
Phytoplankton | 52° 48' 28" S 40° 6' 55" W — Site: P3, deployed on 12/12/2019. Instrumentation: SBE CTD (~200m and ~600m), RDI ADCP (~200m), Seaguard current meter & O2 sensor (~600m and ~2000m), Aquamonitor (~600m), Sediment trap (~2000m), |
Phytoplankton | 52° 47' 55" S 40° 9' 30" W — Site: P3, recovered on 03/12/2019. Instrumentation SBE CTD (~200m and ~600m), Sediment trap (~2000m), SAMI pH meter, Phytoplankton sampler(~300m), PCO2 (~200m) |
Acoustic reflection on marine organisms. | 53° 47' 52" S 37° 56' 2" W — Site: WCB, recovered on 07/12/2019. Instrumentation: SBE CTD (~200m), SonoVault acoustic listening (~250m), WBAT (120 kHz) echosounder, ADCP |
Acoustic reflection on marine organisms. | 53° 47' 52" S 37° 56' 2" W — Site: WCB, deployed on 10/12/2019. Instrumentation: SBE CTD (~200m), SonoVault acoustic listening (~250m), WBAT (120 kHz) echosounder, ADCP, SoundTrap ST300 |
Other biological/fisheries measurement | 52° 47' 55" S 40° 9' 30" W — Site: P3, recovered on 03/12/2019. Instrumentation SBE CTD (~200m and ~600m), Sediment trap (~2000m), SAMI pH meter, Phytoplankton sampler(~300m), PCO2 (~200m) |
Other biological/fisheries measurement | 52° 48' 28" S 40° 6' 55" W — Site: P3, deployed on 12/12/2019. Instrumentation: SBE CTD (~200m and ~600m), RDI ADCP (~200m), Seaguard current meter & O2 sensor (~600m and ~2000m), Aquamonitor (~600m), Sediment trap (~2000m), |
Other biological/fisheries measurement | 53° 47' 52" S 37° 56' 2" W — Site: WCB, recovered on 07/12/2019. Instrumentation: SBE CTD (~200m), SonoVault acoustic listening (~250m), WBAT (120 kHz) echosounder, ADCP |
Other biological/fisheries measurement | 53° 47' 52" S 37° 56' 2" W — Site: WCB, deployed on 10/12/2019. Instrumentation: SBE CTD (~200m), SonoVault acoustic listening (~250m), WBAT (120 kHz) echosounder, ADCP, SoundTrap ST300 |