Resources

RRS James Clark Ross JR20110409 (JR276, UKD-2.5)

Cruise summary report

Cruise Info. 
Ship name (ship code)RRS James Clark Ross (74JC)
Cruise identifierJR20110409 (JR276, UKD-2.5)
Cruise period2011-04-09 — 2011-04-26
StatusCompleted
Port of departurePunta Arenas, Chile
Port of returnStanley, Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
PurposeResearch
ObjectivesJR276 was part of DIMES, "Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean", a joint UK and US project funded by the National Science Foundation in the US and NERC in the UK. The objective of DIMES was "to test and, if necessary, redefine the present paradigm of Southern Ocean mixing by obtaining the first systematic measurements of mixing processes in two contrasting regimes (the SE Pacific and the SW Atlantic) of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC)".

The methods of relevance to this cruise were:
(1) the release of an inert chemical tracer, CF3SF5 (tri-fluoromethyl sulphur pentafluoride) in the SE Pacific sector west of Drake Passage and following its dispersion horizontally and laterally as it transits the SE Pacific, Drake passage and the Scotia Sea
(2) The use of fine structure and microstructure measurements from Lowered ADCP, CTD and free-falling microstructure probes
(3) the release of surface drifters and neutral density floats.

This cruise took place about two years after the experiment was initiated by release of tracer and floats in the SE Pacific. Its specific objective was to observe the distribution of tracer and make measurements of turbulence on sections either side of Drake Passage, to quantify the mixing taking place in that region.

The western section was along 78°W in the SE Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, from 56.5°S to 64°S. It comprised 38 CTD and water bottle rosette stations, at various spacings but with those between 60° and 62° being very closely spaced, about 1/8 degree. The eastern section was along part of the CLIVAR repeat hydrography SR1 line, from 59°S 55.85W, to 55.14°S 58°W, with 14 CTD /rosette stations, about every 20 nautical miles. Vertical microstructure profiles were also measured on a total 14 of the stations, using a free-falling instrument manufactured by Rockland Scientific. Thirteen surface drifters and six subsurface RAFOS floats were released in clusters at two locations on the cruise track between the two sections, to study the evolution of Lagrangian coherent structures in the velocity field and their role in mixing Underway data (surface TSG, met, ADCP and swath bathymetry) were collected continuously once the vessel had left Chilean waters, just before the first station on the S3 line.
Chief scientistAndrew J Watson (University of East Anglia School of Environmental Sciences)
ProjectDiapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean (DIMES)
Coordinating bodyNational Oceanography Centre, Southampton/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Cruise reportRRS James Clark Ross JR20110409 (JR276, UKD-2.5) cruise report jr276.pdf (6.08 MB) 
Ocean/sea areas 
GeneralSouth West Atlantic Ocean (limit 20W)
SpecificDrake Passage
Track chartsRRS James Clark Ross JR20110409 (JR276, UKD-2.5) cruise track — jr276trk.pdf (0.06 MB) 
Measurements 
Physical oceanography 
Surface measurements underway (T,S)Quantity: track kilometres = 1930
Description: Thermosalinograph
CTD stationsQuantity: number of profiles = 55
Description: CTD data from stations
Geochemical tracers (eg freons)Quantity: number of profiles = 52
Description: Measurements of released tracer, SF¬6 and CFCs 12 and 13 using samples drawn from water bottles on 24 bottle rosette.
Current profiler (eg ADCP)Quantity: track kilometres = 1930
Description: Vessel-mounted ADCP
Current profiler (eg ADCP)Quantity: number of profiles = 55
Description: Lowered ADCP
Surface drifters/drifting buoysQuantity: number of deployments = 13
Description: Surface drifters
Neutrally buoyant floatsQuantity: number of deployments = 6
Description: Neutrally buoyant RAFOS floats
Other physical oceanographic measurementsQuantity: number of profiles = 14
Description: Vertical temperature and velocity microstructure using Rockland Scientific VMP
Chemical oceanography 
Carbon dioxideQuantity: track kilometres = 1930
Description: Continuous underway surface pCO2
AlkalinityQuantity: number of samples = 25
Description: Alkalinity/TCO2 samples for later analysis
Meteorology 
Routine standard measurementsQuantity: track kilometres = 1930
Description: Meteorological package (barometer, wind speed, wind direction, humidity, TIR, PAR)
Data held at BODC Get data
Series/Profiles 
53  Acoustic doppler current profiler
Reference numbers
Horizontal spatial co-ordinates
Date and time
Vertical spatial coordinates
Horizontal platform movement
Horizontal velocity of the water column (currents)
Metadata parameters
Reference numbers
Horizontal spatial co-ordinates
Date and time
Vertical spatial coordinates
Horizontal platform movement
Horizontal velocity of the water column (currents)
Metadata parameters

BODC idDate/TimeLocationDoc.
17177662011-04-14 08:26:34 59° 59' 59" S  78° 0' 0" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717766
17180262011-04-18 01:09:33 63° 19' 59" S  78° 0' 0" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1718026
17180632011-04-18 11:27:39 63° 59' 56" S  77° 59' 58" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1718063
17181552011-04-23 19:21:19 56° 46' 59" S  57° 13' 48" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1718155
18135212011-04-11 15:44:18  — 2011-04-26 10:57:40 56° 29' 59" S  77° 59' 59" W — 56° 29' 59" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1813521
17177292011-04-13 06:30:53 58° 59' 59" S  77° 59' 57" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717729
17179872011-04-17 08:12:02 62° 26' 39" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717987
17180752011-04-21 10:02:33 58° 59' 58" S  55° 51' 16" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1718075
17181182011-04-22 11:40:39 57° 44' 0" S  56° 38' 25" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1718118
17176742011-04-12 02:13:27 56° 54' 59" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717674
17176862011-04-12 07:37:22 57° 19' 59" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717686
17177422011-04-13 21:13 59° 36' 0" S  77° 59' 58" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717742
17177542011-04-14 04:31:38 59° 47' 59" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717754
17178222011-04-15 07:39:02 60° 35' 17" S  77° 59' 57" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717822
17178582011-04-15 16:08:13 60° 56' 27" S  77° 59' 58" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717858
17178952011-04-16 00:27:51 61° 17' 38" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717895
17182352011-04-25 14:39:14 55° 4' 1" S  57° 58' 24" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1718235
17178102011-04-15 04:48:25 60° 28' 16" S  77° 59' 56" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717810
17178712011-04-15 18:54:10 61° 3' 30" S  77° 59' 57" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717871
17179142011-04-16 10:37:46 61° 31' 47" S  78° 0' 0" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717914
17179262011-04-16 13:26:25 61° 38' 49" S  78° 0' 1" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717926
17179992011-04-17 11:27:45 62° 39' 59" S  78° 0' 0" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717999
17180512011-04-18 07:28:15 63° 46' 39" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1718051
17180872011-04-21 16:13 58° 41' 4" S  56° 3' 18" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1718087
17181062011-04-22 05:40:46 58° 3' 1" S  56° 26' 45" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1718106
17182232011-04-25 06:18:54 55° 8' 29" S  57° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1718223
17176622011-04-11 15:49:19 56° 29' 59" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717662
17177172011-04-13 00:30:04 58° 34' 59" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717717
17177912011-04-14 15:21:14 60° 14' 6" S  78° 0' 0" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717791
17179512011-04-16 19:02:58 61° 52' 56" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717951
17179632011-04-16 21:34:31 62° 0' 0" S  78° 0' 1" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717963
17179752011-04-17 01:31:48 62° 13' 19" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717975
17180382011-04-18 04:22:01 63° 33' 19" S  78° 0' 1" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1718038
17177302011-04-13 13:47:10 59° 12' 0" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717730
17176982011-04-12 12:32:18 57° 44' 59" S  77° 59' 58" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717698
17180142011-04-17 18:37:19 63° 6' 40" S  77° 59' 56" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1718014
17181922011-04-24 17:06:27 55° 50' 0" S  57° 49' 14" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1718192
17178342011-04-15 10:35:04 60° 42' 21" S  78° 0' 4" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717834
17178462011-04-15 13:20:31 60° 49' 25" S  78° 0' 7" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717846
17179022011-04-16 03:52:01 61° 24' 42" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717902
17179382011-04-16 16:16:38 61° 45' 52" S  77° 59' 58" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717938
17181432011-04-23 12:32:28 57° 6' 0" S  57° 2' 11" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1718143
17181792011-04-24 07:08:55 56° 28' 2" S  57° 25' 29" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1718179
17177052011-04-12 19:23:23 58° 9' 59" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717705
17177782011-04-14 11:37:27 60° 7' 3" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717778
17178092011-04-15 01:48:30 60° 21' 10" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717809
17178832011-04-15 21:41:05 61° 10' 34" S  78° 0' 0" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1717883
17180022011-04-17 14:50:20 62° 53' 19" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1718002
17180992011-04-21 22:18:32 58° 21' 56" S  56° 14' 37" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1718099
17181312011-04-22 17:39:48 57° 24' 56" S  56° 50' 23" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1718131
17181672011-04-24 03:20:24 56° 28' 3" S  57° 25' 30" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1718167
17181802011-04-24 11:34:15 56° 8' 57" S  57° 37' 25" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1718180
17182112011-04-25 00:47:55 55° 31' 9" S  58° 0' 53" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1718211
53  CTD/STD cast
Reference numbers
Salinity of the water column
Temperature of the water column
Vertical spatial coordinates
Density of the water column
Reference numbers
Salinity of the water column
Temperature of the water column
Vertical spatial coordinates
Density of the water column

BODC idDate/TimeLocationDoc.
10888392011-04-13 17:22:13  — 2011-04-13 18:12:30 59° 23' 59" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1088839
10890202011-04-16 13:20:40  — 2011-04-16 14:02:33 61° 38' 49" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089020
10890932011-04-17 08:03:16  — 2011-04-17 08:47:19 62° 26' 39" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089093
10891972011-04-21 09:53:08  — 2011-04-21 11:07:08 59° 0' 1" S  55° 51' 21" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089197
10893452011-04-25 00:43:19  — 2011-04-25 01:59:34 55° 31' 8" S  58° 0' 53" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089345
10893942011-04-13 06:16:33  — 2011-04-13 07:54:28 58° 59' 59" S  77° 59' 57" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089394
10889562011-04-15 16:01  — 2011-04-15 16:44:40 60° 56' 27" S  77° 59' 58" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1088956
10890322011-04-16 16:06:09  — 2011-04-16 16:52:20 61° 45' 53" S  77° 59' 58" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089032
10893332011-04-24 17:00:06  — 2011-04-24 18:27:49 55° 50' 28" S  57° 48' 31" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089333
10888522011-04-14 04:20:58  — 2011-04-14 05:14:57 59° 47' 59" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1088852
10889442011-04-15 13:15:21  — 2011-04-15 13:56:14 60° 49' 24" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1088944
10890562011-04-16 18:59:59  — 2011-04-16 19:38:31 61° 52' 56" S  77° 59' 58" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089056
10892892011-04-24 03:12:07  — 2011-04-24 04:28:39 56° 28' 4" S  57° 25' 29" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089289
10893212011-04-24 11:29:24  — 2011-04-24 12:36:40 56° 9' 15" S  57° 36' 16" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089321
10888642011-04-14 08:16:02  — 2011-04-14 09:09:38 59° 59' 59" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1088864
10889322011-04-15 10:27:31  — 2011-04-15 11:10:12 60° 42' 21" S  78° 0' 0" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1088932
10889812011-04-15 21:36:18  — 2011-04-15 22:15:41 61° 10' 35" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1088981
10890072011-04-16 03:40:56  — 2011-04-16 05:17:04 61° 24' 42" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089007
10892902011-04-12 12:20:37  — 2011-04-12 13:48:36 57° 44' 59" S  77° 59' 58" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089290
10888272011-04-11 15:44:01  — 2011-04-11 17:05:45 56° 29' 59" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1088827
10888402011-04-13 21:09:57  — 2011-04-13 21:55:59 59° 36' 0" S  77° 59' 58" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1088840
10889682011-04-15 18:48:35  — 2011-04-15 19:30:26 61° 3' 31" S  77° 59' 58" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1088968
10890812011-04-17 01:27:51  — 2011-04-17 02:55:09 62° 13' 19" S  78° 0' 0" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089081
10891242011-04-17 18:32:06  — 2011-04-17 19:58:44 63° 6' 39" S  78° 0' 0" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089124
10891732011-04-12 07:24:30  — 2011-04-12 08:20:04 57° 19' 59" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089173
10892042011-04-21 16:07:59  — 2011-04-21 17:18:13 58° 41' 4" S  56° 3' 18" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089204
10892162011-04-21 22:14:12  — 2011-04-21 23:24:34 58° 21' 37" S  56° 13' 45" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089216
10892412011-04-22 11:31:28  — 2011-04-22 12:40:41 57° 44' 0" S  56° 38' 25" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089241
10893822011-04-13 00:24:05  — 2011-04-13 01:13:38 58° 34' 58" S  77° 59' 52" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089382
10889192011-04-15 04:36:48  — 2011-04-15 05:22:53 60° 28' 14" S  77° 59' 57" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1088919
10889202011-04-15 07:31:28  — 2011-04-15 08:14:39 60° 35' 17" S  77° 59' 51" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1088920
10890442011-04-12 02:07:13  — 2011-04-12 02:56:14 56° 54' 59" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089044
10892772011-04-23 19:18:51  — 2011-04-23 20:20:46 56° 46' 56" S  57° 13' 44" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089277
10893082011-04-24 07:00:17  — 2011-04-24 07:48:24 56° 28' 2" S  57° 25' 29" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089308
10893572011-04-25 06:09:18  — 2011-04-25 07:09:45 55° 8' 30" S  57° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089357
10893692011-04-25 14:29:46  — 2011-04-25 15:17:08 55° 4' 1" S  57° 58' 25" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089369
10893702011-04-12 19:16:01  — 2011-04-12 20:07:03 58° 9' 59" S  78° 0' 0" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089370
10888882011-04-14 15:15:36  — 2011-04-14 16:44:38 60° 14' 6" S  78° 0' 0" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1088888
10889072011-04-15 01:44:52  — 2011-04-15 02:23:44 60° 21' 10" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1088907
10889932011-04-16 00:21:42  — 2011-04-16 01:03:13 61° 17' 38" S  78° 0' 0" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1088993
10890192011-04-16 10:28:57  — 2011-04-16 11:12:50 61° 31' 46" S  78° 0' 0" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089019
10890682011-04-16 21:30:25  — 2011-04-16 22:16:26 61° 59' 59" S  78° 0' 0" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089068
10891002011-04-17 11:21:32  — 2011-04-17 12:03:27 62° 39' 59" S  78° 0' 0" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089100
10891122011-04-17 14:45:03  — 2011-04-17 15:25:59 62° 53' 19" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089112
10891482011-04-18 04:13:37  — 2011-04-18 04:57:20 63° 33' 19" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089148
10891612011-04-18 07:21:27  — 2011-04-18 08:03:03 63° 46' 39" S  78° 0' 0" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089161
10892282011-04-22 05:34:10  — 2011-04-22 06:47:44 58° 3' 1" S  56° 26' 45" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089228
10892532011-04-22 17:31:50  — 2011-04-22 18:40:01 57° 24' 56" S  56° 50' 23" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089253
10892652011-04-23 12:24:27  — 2011-04-23 13:49:41 57° 5' 40" S  57° 2' 3" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089265
10894012011-04-13 13:40:33  — 2011-04-13 14:31:33 59° 11' 59" S  78° 0' 0" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089401
10888762011-04-14 11:31:48  — 2011-04-14 12:21:19 60° 7' 3" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1088876
10891362011-04-18 01:05:42  — 2011-04-18 01:45:26 63° 19' 59" S  78° 0' 0" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089136
10891852011-04-18 11:15:12  — 2011-04-18 12:39:53 63° 59' 59" S  77° 59' 59" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1089185
13  Turbulence energy dissipation probe
Reference numbers
Turbulence in the water column
Salinity of the water column
Temperature of the water column
Vertical spatial coordinates
Reference numbers
Turbulence in the water column
Salinity of the water column
Temperature of the water column
Vertical spatial coordinates

BODC idDate/TimeLocationDoc.
17164132011-04-23 19:06  — 2011-04-23 23:09 56° 46' 59" S  57° 13' 46" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1716413
17164252011-04-24 03:06  — 2011-04-24 06:50 56° 28' 4" S  57° 25' 29" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1716425
17164622011-04-14 15:01  — 2011-04-14 20:47 60° 14' 5" S  77° 59' 58" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1716462
17164372011-04-24 16:52  — 2011-04-24 22:12 55° 50' 2" S  57° 44' 13" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1716437
17164742011-04-16 03:37  — 2011-04-16 09:30 61° 24' 42" S  77° 59' 58" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1716474
17164492011-04-25 06:02  — 2011-04-25 13:48 55° 8' 27" S  57° 59' 56" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1716449
17164982011-04-17 18:19  — 2011-04-17 23:38 63° 6' 37" S  77° 59' 55" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1716498
17165052011-04-18 11:15  — 2011-04-18 15:55 63° 59' 53" S  77° 59' 58" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1716505
17164502011-04-13 06:09  — 2011-04-13 12:08 59° 0' 0" S  78° 0' 0" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1716450
17164862011-04-17 01:07  — 2011-04-17 06:45 62° 13' 19" S  78° 0' 0" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1716486
17165172011-04-21 09:47  — 2011-04-21 14:09 58° 59' 57" S  55° 51' 15" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1716517
17165292011-04-21 21:59  — 2011-04-22 02:46 58° 21' 57" S  56° 14' 55" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1716529
17164012011-04-22 17:26  — 2011-04-22 21:34 57° 24' 56" S  56° 50' 26" W  View metadata report for BODC series reference number 1716401
Discrete samples 
53  CTD frame plus rosette samplerWater body released tracers
Chlorofluorocarbon concentrations in the water column
78  Sample taken from ship's non-toxic supplySalinity of the water column