Metadata Report for BODC Series Reference Number 2283884

• Metadata Summary

• Problem Reports

• Data Access Policy

• Narrative Documents

• Project Information

• Data Activity or Cruise Information

• Fixed Station Information

• BODC Quality Flags

• SeaDataNet Quality Flags

Metadata Summary

Problem Reports

No Problem Report Found in the Database

Data Access Policy

Open Data

These data have no specific confidentiality restrictions for users. However, users must acknowledge data sources as it is not ethical to publish data without proper attribution. Any publication or other output resulting from usage of the data should include an acknowledgment.

If the Information Provider does not provide a specific attribution statement, or if you are using Information from several Information Providers and multiple attributions are not practical in your product or application, you may consider using the following:

"Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v1.0."

Narrative Documents

Niskin Bottle

The Niskin bottle is a device used by oceanographers to collect subsurface seawater samples. It is a plastic bottle with caps and rubber seals at each end and is deployed with the caps held open, allowing free-flushing of the bottle as it moves through the water column.

Standard Niskin

The standard version of the bottle includes a plastic-coated metal spring or elastic cord running through the interior of the bottle that joins the two caps, and the caps are held open against the spring by plastic lanyards. When the bottle reaches the desired depth the lanyards are released by a pressure-actuated switch, command signal or messenger weight and the caps are forced shut and sealed, trapping the seawater sample.

Lever Action Niskin

The Lever Action Niskin Bottle differs from the standard version, in that the caps are held open during deployment by externally mounted stainless steel springs rather than an internal spring or cord. Lever Action Niskins are recommended for applications where a completely clear sample chamber is critical or for use in deep cold water.

Clean Sampling

A modified version of the standard Niskin bottle has been developed for clean sampling. This is teflon-coated and uses a latex cord to close the caps rather than a metal spring. The clean version of the Levered Action Niskin bottle is also teflon-coated and uses epoxy covered springs in place of the stainless steel springs. These bottles are specifically designed to minimise metal contamination when sampling trace metals.

Deployment

Bottles may be deployed singly clamped to a wire or in groups of up to 48 on a rosette. Standard bottles and Lever Action bottles have a capacity between 1.7 and 30 L. Reversing thermometers may be attached to a spring-loaded disk that rotates through 180° on bottle closure.

Solid Phase Chemistry for cruise Charles Darwin CD92A

Document History

Converted from CDROM documentation.

Content of data series

Data Originator

Dr Graham Shimmield, CCMS Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, UK.

Sampling strategy and methodology

Samples were collected using a multicorer of standard design (Barnett et al., 1984), at four sites (S700, R1000, N1500, N2000). The cores were sliced into 0.5cm intervals for 10cm and 1cm for the remainder of the core (all cores were less than 30cm in length). Three replicate samples were collected from separate deployments of the multicorer at each site. Trace metal analysis was completed on cores from all four sites. Analysis for the major elements was not carried out on the core from site N2000.

Major elements

1g of dried sediment was accurately weighed into a platinum crucible and an ultra-pure lithium tetraborate flux, Spectroflux 105 (Johnson-Matthey Chemicals Ltd.) added in a ratio 5:1 (flux to sample). This was placed in a muffle furnace at 1100°C for 20 minutes. After cooling the slight weight loss was made up with the addition of Spetroflux 105. The mixture was reheated on a gas burner until the glass melted.

The molten liquid was poured onto a graphite mould contained inside a brass sleeve (on a hotplate at 220°C) and pressed with an aluminum plunger to produce a 45mm diameter glass disc approximately 1mm thick. After cooling, the discs were stored in a desiccator.

They were analysed for a series of major elements (Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K, Ti, Mn and P) using a Phillips PW 1450 sequential automatic X-ray spectrometer.

Trace elements

3g of dried sediment was accurately weighed and placed in a stainless steel sleeve resting on a highly polished tungsten carbide disc. Both the sleeve and cylinder were enclosed within a larger stainless steel cylinder. A Perspex plunger was inserted into the sleeve and the powder was compacted into a semi-competent disc using hand pressure.

The Perspex plunger and sleeve were removed and sufficient boric acid to cover the sediment disc was added. A large stainless steel plunger was lowered onto the sample and placed under a hydraulic press where 10 tons of pressure was used to compress the sample.

This pressed powder disc with boric acid backing was analysed for a series of trace elements (Sc, Ba, V, La, Ce, Nd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Th, U, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, I and Br) using a Phillips PW 1450 sequential automatic X-ray spectrometer.

Both major and trace elements were corrected for the presence of residual sea-salt.

References

Barnett P.R.O., Watson J. and Connelly D., 1984. A multiple corer for taking virtually undisturbed samples from shelf, bathyal and abyssal sediments. Oceanol. Acta, 7, 399-408.

Chester R., Thomas A., Lin F.J., Basaham A.S. and Jacinto G., 1988. The solid state speciation of copper in surface water particulates and oceanic sediments. Marine Chemistry 24, 261-292.

Cline J.D., 1969. Spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen sulfide in natural waters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 14, 454-458

Project Information

LOIS Shelf Edge Study (LOIS - SES)

Introduction

SES was a component of the NERC Land Ocean Interaction Study (LOIS) Community Research Programme that made intensive measurements from the shelf break in the region known as the Hebridean Slope from March 1995 to September 1996.

Scientific Rationale

SES was devoted to the study of interactions between the shelf seas and the open ocean. The specific objectives of the project were:

• To identify the time and space scales of ocean-shelf momentum transmission and to quantify the contributions to ocean-shelf water exchange by physical processes.

• To estimate fluxes of water, heat and certain dissolved and suspended constituents across a section of the shelf edge with special emphasis on net carbon export from, and nutrient import to, the shelf.

• To incorporate process understanding into models and test these models by comparison with observations and provide a basis for estimation of fluxes integrated over time and the length of the shelf.

Fieldwork

The SES fieldwork was focussed on a box enclosing two sections across the shelf break at 56.4-56.5 °N and 56.6-56.7 °N. Moored instrument arrays were maintained throughout the experiment at stations with water depths ranging from 140 m to 1500 m, although there were heavy losses due to the intensive fishing activity in the area. The moorings included meteorological buoys, current meters, transmissometers, fluorometers, nutrient analysers (but these never returned any usable data), thermistor chains, colour sensors and sediment traps.

The moorings were serviced by research cruises at approximately three-monthly intervals. In addition to the mooring work this cruises undertook intensive CTD, water bottle and benthic surveys with cruise durations of up to 6 weeks (3 legs of approximately 2 weeks each).

Moored instrument activities associated with SES comprised current measurements in the North Channel in 1993 and the Tiree Passage from 1995-1996. These provided boundary conditions for SES modelling activities.

Additional data were provided through cruises undertaken by the Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (DERA) in a co-operative programme known as SESAME.

Data Activity or Cruise Information

Data Activity

BODC Sample Metadata Report for CH123B_CTD_CTD63

Please note:the supplied parameters may not have been sampled from all the bottle firings described in the table above. Cross-match the Sample Reference Number above against the SAMPRFNM value in the data file to identify the relevant metadata.

Related Data Activity activities are detailed in Appendix 1

Cruise

Complete Cruise Metadata Report is available here

Fixed Station Information

Fixed Station Information

LOIS (SES) Repeat Section R

Section R was one of four repeat sections sampled during the Land-Ocean Interaction Study (LOIS) Shelf Edge Study (SES) project between March 1995 and September 1996.

The CTD measurements collected at repeat section R, on the Hebridean Slope, lie within a box bounded by co-ordinates 56° 29.4' N, 9° 41.4' W at the southwest corner and 56° 32.4' N, 8° 55.8' W at the northeast corner.

Cruises occupying section R

Related Fixed Station activities are detailed in Appendix 2

BODC Quality Control Flags

The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:

SeaDataNet Quality Control Flags

The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:

Appendix 1: CH123B_CTD_CTD63

Related series for this Data Activity are presented in the table below. Further information can be found by following the appropriate links.

If you are interested in these series, please be aware we offer a multiple file download service. Should your credentials be insufficient for automatic download, the service also offers a referral to our Enquiries Officer who may be able to negotiate access.

Appendix 2: LOIS (SES) Repeat Section R

Related series for this Fixed Station are presented in the table below. Further information can be found by following the appropriate links.

If you are interested in these series, please be aware we offer a multiple file download service. Should your credentials be insufficient for automatic download, the service also offers a referral to our Enquiries Officer who may be able to negotiate access.