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Metadata Report for BODC Series Reference Number 737456


Metadata Summary

Data Description

Data Category CTD or STD cast
Instrument Type
NameCategories
Sea-Bird SBE 43 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor  dissolved gas sensors
Sea-Bird SBE 911plus CTD  CTD; water temperature sensor; salinity sensor
Sea-Bird SBE 3plus (SBE 3P) temperature sensor  water temperature sensor
Sea-Bird SBE 4C conductivity sensor  salinity sensor
Chelsea Technologies Group Aquatracka III fluorometer  fluorometers
Chelsea Technologies Group Alphatracka II transmissometer  transmissometers
Instrument Mounting research vessel
Originating Country United Kingdom
Originator Prof Jonathan Sharples
Originating Organization Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory (now National Oceanography Centre, Liverpool)
Processing Status banked
Online delivery of data Download available - Ocean Data View (ODV) format
Project(s) Seasonal Thermocline Production Control
 

Data Identifiers

Originator's Identifier CTD014__CAL_DN
BODC Series Reference 737456
 

Time Co-ordinates(UT)

Start Time (yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm) 2005-07-18 18:39
End Time (yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm) -
Nominal Cycle Interval 1.0 metres
 

Spatial Co-ordinates

Latitude 48.56867 N ( 48° 34.1' N )
Longitude 9.48233 W ( 9° 28.9' W )
Positional Uncertainty 0.05 to 0.1 n.miles
Minimum Sensor or Sampling Depth 2.28 m
Maximum Sensor or Sampling Depth 192.39 m
Minimum Sensor or Sampling Height 44.11 m
Maximum Sensor or Sampling Height 234.22 m
Sea Floor Depth 236.5 m
Sea Floor Depth Source -
Sensor or Sampling Distribution Variable common depth - All sensors are grouped effectively at the same depth, but this depth varies significantly during the series
Sensor or Sampling Depth Datum Instantaneous - Depth measured below water line or instantaneous water body surface
Sea Floor Depth Datum Instantaneous - Depth measured below water line or instantaneous water body surface
 

Parameters

BODC CODERankUnitsTitle
ACYCAA011DimensionlessSequence number
CPHLPS011Milligrams per cubic metreConcentration of chlorophyll-a {chl-a CAS 479-61-8} per unit volume of the water body [particulate >unknown phase] by in-situ chlorophyll fluorometer and calibration against sample data
DEPHPR011MetresDepth (spatial coordinate) relative to water surface in the water body by profiling pressure sensor and conversion to seawater depth using UNESCO algorithm
DOXYSC011Micromoles per litreConcentration of oxygen {O2 CAS 7782-44-7} per unit volume of the water body [dissolved plus reactive particulate phase] by Sea-Bird SBE 43 sensor and calibration against sample data
OXYSSC011PercentSaturation of oxygen {O2 CAS 7782-44-7} in the water body [dissolved plus reactive particulate phase] by Sea-Bird SBE 43 sensor and calibration against sample data and computation from concentration using Benson and Krause algorithm
POPTDR011PercentTransmittance (red light wavelength) per 25cm of the water body by 25cm path length red light transmissometer
PSALCC011DimensionlessPractical salinity of the water body by CTD and computation using UNESCO 1983 algorithm and calibration against independent measurements
SIGTPR011Kilograms per cubic metreSigma-theta of the water body by CTD and computation from salinity and potential temperature using UNESCO algorithm
TEMPST011Degrees CelsiusTemperature of the water body by CTD or STD
TOKGPR011Litres per kilogramConversion factor (volume to mass) for the water body by CTD and computation of density (in-situ potential temperature surface pressure) reciprocal from pressure, temperature and salinity

Definition of Rank

  • Rank 1 is a one-dimensional parameter
  • Rank 2 is a two-dimensional parameter
  • Rank 0 is a one-dimensional parameter describing the second dimension of a two-dimensional parameter (e.g. bin depths for moored ADCP data)

Problem Reports

No Problem Report Found in the Database

CD173 CTD Data Quality Report

Temperature, salinity and sigma-theta

For downcasts of profiles CTD011, CTD013, CTD076 and CTD100, residual effects of the correction for winch veer can be seen in the salinity data. No flags were applied but the user should treat these data with caution.

Chlorophyll

Many casts have negative concentrations present, especially below the thermocline, which is likely to be due to bias in the calibration applied. All negative values have been flagged suspect.

The bias in the calibration is as a result of the chlorophyll calibration samples being sourced at depths < 100 m. No samples were taken in deeper water where chlorophyll concentrations are much lower. By limiting the calibration dataset to samples from shallow water, the calibration was forced to be biased in favour of higher concentrations (which are encountered near to the surface), causing the chlorophyll calibration to underestimate concentrations in deeper waters.

Beam transmission

Near-surface values were flagged as unrealistic in approximately 10% of the casts.

Oxygen concentration and saturation

Near-surface values were flagged as unrealistic in numerous casts.


Data Access Policy

Open Data

These data have no specific confidentiality restrictions for users. However, users must acknowledge data sources as it is not ethical to publish data without proper attribution. Any publication or other output resulting from usage of the data should include an acknowledgment.

If the Information Provider does not provide a specific attribution statement, or if you are using Information from several Information Providers and multiple attributions are not practical in your product or application, you may consider using the following:

"Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v1.0."


Narrative Documents

Sea-Bird Dissolved Oxygen Sensor SBE 43 and SBE 43F

The SBE 43 is a dissolved oxygen sensor designed for marine applications. It incorporates a high-performance Clark polarographic membrane with a pump that continuously plumbs water through it, preventing algal growth and the development of anoxic conditions when the sensor is taking measurements.

Two configurations are available: SBE 43 produces a voltage output and can be incorporated with any Sea-Bird CTD that accepts input from a 0-5 volt auxiliary sensor, while the SBE 43F produces a frequency output and can be integrated with an SBE 52-MP (Moored Profiler CTD) or used for OEM applications. The specifications below are common to both.

Specifications

Housing Plastic or titanium
Membrane

0.5 mil- fast response, typical for profile applications

1 mil- slower response, typical for moored applications

Depth rating

600 m (plastic) or 7000 m (titanium)

10500 m titanium housing available on request

Measurement range 120% of surface saturation
Initial accuracy 2% of saturation
Typical stability 0.5% per 1000 h

Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.

Instrument Description

CTD Unit and Auxiliary Sensors

The CTD configuration comprised a stainless steel Sea-Bird Electronics 9plus system (s/n #09P-37898-0782), with accompanying Sea-Bird Electronics 11plus V2 Deck Unit (s/n #11P-24680-0587). The CTD was fitted with a Chelsea Alphatracka MKII transmissometer, a Chelsea Aquatracka MKIII fluorometer, a Sequoia Scientific Laser In-Situ Scattering and Transmissometry (LISST) particle analyser, a National Marine Facilities (NMF) SUV6 in-situ nitrate spectrophotometer, a Chelsea Instruments Fasttracka Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer (FRRF) and an RD Instruments Workhorse Mariner Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (LADCP). All instruments were attached to a Sea-Bird SBE 32 full size carousel (s/n #32-37898-0518) containing 24 x 20-litre stainless steel rosette bottles. The table below lists more detailed information about the various sensors.

The FRRF, LISST and Workhorse Mariner LADCP were self-logging instruments. All other instruments logged to the Sea-Bird 911plus deck unit.

Sensor Unit Model Serial Number Full Specification Calibration (YYYY-MM-DD) Next Calibration (YYYY-MM-DD) Comments
CTD Underwater Unit SBE 9+ 09P-37898-0782 Sea-Bird 911plus - - -
Pressure transducer Digiquartz 410K-105 94756 (0782) 410K-105 2004-12-30 2008-01-05 -
Conductivity sensor SBE 4 04C-2164 SBE 04C 2005-04-29 2005-10-29 Primary
Conductivity sensor SBE 4 04C-2165 SBE 04C 2005-04-29 2005-10-29 Secondary
Temperature sensor SBE 3+ 03P-4105 SBE 03+ 2005-02-22 2005-08-22 Primary
Temperature sensor SBE 3+ 03P-4151 SBE 03+ 2005-02-22 2005-08-22 Secondary
Dissolved oxygen SBE 43 43-0363 SBE 43 2005-02-21 2007-02-21 -
Chlorophyll fluorometer Chelsea Instruments Aquatracka MK III 88/2050/095 Aquatracka MK III Not supplied Not supplied Emplaced on cast 2, replaced LI-COR PAR* sensor
Transmissometer Chelsea Instruments Alphatracka MK II 04-4223-001 Alphatracka MK II Not supplied Not supplied 0.25 m path
FRRF Chelsea Instruments Fasttracka 182043 Fasttracka 2004-10-19 Not supplied Includes pressure and PAR logging.
Removed for casts > 200 m depth
LI-COR LI 192SA 33 LI 192 Not supplied Not supplied Attached to CTD for cast 1 only
LADCP RD Instruments 300 kHz Workhorse Mariner 5414 (downward master)
1855 (upward slave)
Workhorse Monitor - - -
Optical nitrate sensor NMF SUV6 - SUV6 Not supplied Not supplied Removed for casts > 200 m depth
LISST not known not known not known not known not known Deployed on CTD frame for University of Wales, Bangor (UWB)

* PAR = Photosynthetically Active Radiation

Sensor Change

The LI-COR PAR sensor was only present for cast CTD001. It was removed to fit the Chelsea Instruments Aquatracka MK III fluorometer. The FRRF was deployed with its associated PAR sensor, so light data are available from the FRRF dataset. The Chelsea Instruments Aquatracka MK III fluorometer was not present for cast CTD001 as it was on a non-standard channel at the start of the cruise which was thence used for the NMF SUV6.

Sea-Bird Electronics SBE 911 and SBE 917 series CTD profilers

The SBE 911 and SBE 917 series of conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) units are used to collect hydrographic profiles, including temperature, conductivity and pressure as standard. Each profiler consists of an underwater unit and deck unit or SEARAM. Auxiliary sensors, such as fluorometers, dissolved oxygen sensors and transmissometers, and carousel water samplers are commonly added to the underwater unit.

Underwater unit

The CTD underwater unit (SBE 9 or SBE 9 plus) comprises a protective cage (usually with a carousel water sampler), including a main pressure housing containing power supplies, acquisition electronics, telemetry circuitry, and a suite of modular sensors. The original SBE 9 incorporated Sea-Bird's standard modular SBE 3 temperature sensor and SBE 4 conductivity sensor, and a Paroscientific Digiquartz pressure sensor. The conductivity cell was connected to a pump-fed plastic tubing circuit that could include auxiliary sensors. Each SBE 9 unit was custom built to individual specification. The SBE 9 was replaced in 1997 by an off-the-shelf version, termed the SBE 9 plus, that incorporated the SBE 3 plus (or SBE 3P) temperature sensor, SBE 4C conductivity sensor and a Paroscientific Digiquartz pressure sensor. Sensors could be connected to a pump-fed plastic tubing circuit or stand-alone.

Temperature, conductivity and pressure sensors

The conductivity, temperature, and pressure sensors supplied with Sea-Bird CTD systems have outputs in the form of variable frequencies, which are measured using high-speed parallel counters. The resulting count totals are converted to numeric representations of the original frequencies, which bear a direct relationship to temperature, conductivity or pressure. Sampling frequencies for these sensors are typically set at 24 Hz.

The temperature sensing element is a glass-coated thermistor bead, pressure-protected inside a stainless steel tube, while the conductivity sensing element is a cylindrical, flow-through, borosilicate glass cell with three internal platinum electrodes. Thermistor resistance or conductivity cell resistance, respectively, is the controlling element in an optimized Wien Bridge oscillator circuit, which produces a frequency output that can be converted to a temperature or conductivity reading. These sensors are available with depth ratings of 6800 m (aluminium housing) or 10500 m (titanium housing). The Paroscientific Digiquartz pressure sensor comprises a quartz crystal resonator that responds to pressure-induced stress, and temperature is measured for thermal compensation of the calculated pressure.

Additional sensors

Optional sensors for dissolved oxygen, pH, light transmission, fluorescence and others do not require the very high levels of resolution needed in the primary CTD channels, nor do these sensors generally offer variable frequency outputs. Accordingly, signals from the auxiliary sensors are acquired using a conventional voltage-input multiplexed A/D converter (optional). Some Sea-Bird CTDs use a strain gauge pressure sensor (Senso-Metrics) in which case their pressure output data is in the same form as that from the auxiliary sensors as described above.

Deck unit or SEARAM

Each underwater unit is connected to a power supply and data logging system: the SBE 11 (or SBE 11 plus) deck unit allows real-time interfacing between the deck and the underwater unit via a conductive wire, while the submersible SBE 17 (or SBE 17 plus) SEARAM plugs directly into the underwater unit and data are downloaded on recovery of the CTD. The combination of SBE 9 and SBE 17 or SBE 11 are termed SBE 917 or SBE 911, respectively, while the combinations of SBE 9 plus and SBE 17 plus or SBE 11 plus are termed SBE 917 plus or SBE 911 plus.

Specifications

Specifications for the SBE 9 plus underwater unit are listed below:

Parameter Range Initial accuracy Resolution at 24 Hz Response time
Temperature -5 to 35°C 0.001°C 0.0002°C 0.065 sec
Conductivity 0 to 7 S m-1 0.0003 S m-1 0.00004 S m-1 0.065 sec (pumped)
Pressure 0 to full scale (1400, 2000, 4200, 6800 or 10500 m) 0.015% of full scale 0.001% of full scale 0.015 sec

Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.

Chelsea Technologies Group Aquatracka MKIII fluorometer

The Chelsea Technologies Group Aquatracka MKIII is a logarithmic response fluorometer. Filters are available to enable the instrument to measure chlorophyll, rhodamine, fluorescein and turbidity.

It uses a pulsed (5.5 Hz) xenon light source discharging along two signal paths to eliminate variations in the flashlamp intensity. The reference path measures the intensity of the light source whilst the signal path measures the intensity of the light emitted from the specimen under test. The reference signal and the emitted light signals are then applied to a ratiometric circuit. In this circuit, the ratio of returned signal to reference signal is computed and scaled logarithmically to achieve a wide dynamic range. The logarithmic conversion accuracy is maintained at better than one percent of the reading over the full output range of the instrument.

Two variants of the instrument are available, both manufactured in titanium, capable of operating in depths from shallow water down to 2000 m and 6000 m respectively. The optical characteristics of the instrument in its different detection modes are visible below:

Excitation Chlorophyll a Rhodamine Fluorescein Turbidity
Wavelength (nm) 430 500 485 440*
Bandwidth (nm) 105 70 22 80*
Emission Chlorophyll a Rhodamine Fluorescein Turbidity
Wavelength (nm) 685 590 530 440*
Bandwidth (nm) 30 45 30 80*

* The wavelengths for the turbidity filters are customer selectable but must be in the range 400 to 700 nm. The same wavelength is used in the excitation path and the emission path.

The instrument measures chlorophyll a, rhodamine and fluorescein with a concentration range of 0.01 µg l-1 to 100 µg l-1. The concentration range for turbidity is 0.01 to 100 FTU (other wavelengths are available on request).

The instrument accuracy is ± 0.02 µg l-1 (or ± 3% of the reading, whichever is greater) for chlorophyll a, rhodamine and fluorescein. The accuracy for turbidity, over a 0 - 10 FTU range, is ± 0.02 FTU (or ± 3% of the reading, whichever is greater).

Further details are available from the Aquatracka MKIII specification sheet.

Chelsea Technologies Group ALPHAtracka and ALPHAtracka II transmissometers

The Chelsea Technologies Group ALPHAtracka (the Mark I) and its successor, the ALPHAtracka II (the Mark II), are both accurate (< 0.3 % fullscale) transmissometers that measure the beam attenuation coefficient at 660 nm. Green (565 nm), yellow (590 nm) and blue (470 nm) wavelength variants are available on special order.

The instrument consists of a Transmitter/Reference Assembly and a Detector Assembly aligned and spaced apart by an open support frame. The housing and frame are both manufactured in titanium and are pressure rated to 6000 m depth.

The Transmitter/Reference housing is sealed by an end cap. Inside the housing an LED light source emits a collimated beam through a sealed window. The Detector housing is also sealed by an end cap. A signal photodiode is placed behind a sealed window to receive the collimated beam from the Transmitter.

The primary difference between the ALPHAtracka and ALPHAtracka II is that the Alphatracka II is implemented with surface-mount technology; this has enabled a much smaller diameter pressure housing to be used while retaining exactly the same optical train as in the Mark I. Data from the Mark II version are thus fully compatible with that already obtained with the Mark I. The performance of the Mark II is further enhanced by two electronic developments from Chelsea Technologies Group - firstly, all items are locked in a signal nulling loop of near infinite gain and, secondly, the signal output linearity is inherently defined by digital circuitry only.

Among other advantages noted above, these features ensure that the optical intensity of the Mark II, indicated by the output voltage, is accurately represented by a straight line interpolation between a reading near full-scale under known conditions and a zero reading when blanked off.

For optimum measurements in a wide range of environmental conditions, the Mark I and Mark II are available in 5 cm, 10 cm and 25 cm path length versions. Output is default factory set to 2.5 volts but can be adjusted to 5 volts on request.

Further details about the Mark II instrument are available from the Chelsea Technologies Group ALPHAtrackaII specification sheet.

Originator's Data Processing: CTD data from CD173

Sampling Strategy

A total of 133 CTD casts were attempted during the cruise in the Celtic Sea and across the North-west European shelf edge. 128 casts were completed with valid data collected on both the downcast and upcast. No data of scientific value were collected on cast 1 as this was the CTD shakedown cast, carried out to check instrument systems were all functioning. Casts 105, 106, 107 and the downcast of 108 were unsuccessful due to problems with the CTD hydrographic wire, which led to the wire needing to be repaired between cast 108 and cast 109. The upcast of cast 108 did however collect valid data. In total therefore, valid downcast or upcast profiles were recorded during 129 casts.

These casts were carried out as; transects across the shelf edge and along Jones Bank; single site casts; and repeated sampling over half and full tidal cycles at stations CS2, Bank 2, JB3 and OB (with the exception of station U2 which was repeatedly visited for single casts on 3 separate occasions). The table below shows the locations of the repeat visit stations, plus the dates they were visited.

Site Latitude Longitude Mean water depth (m) Visit dates YYYY-MM-DD (UT)
CS2 48.552° N 9.486° W 201 2005-07-17 to 2005-07-18 (25 hour tidal cycle station)
2005-07-23 to 2005-07-24 (25 hour tidal cycle station)
Bank 2 49.8916° N 7.8826° W 114 2005-07-20 - 1 CTD profile
2005-07-26 to 2005-07-27 (25 hour tidal cycle station)
2005-07-31 to 2005-08-01 (25 hour tidal cycle station)
JB3 49.9327° N 7.835° W 118 2005-07-28 (13 hour tidal cycle station)
OB 49.7493° N 7.6663° W 110 2005-08-01 to 2005-08-02 (25 hour tidal cycle station)
U2 49.223° N 6.167° W 120 2005-07-15 - 1 CTD profile
2005-07-19 - 1 CTD profile
2005-08-03 - 2 CTD profiles

Rosette bottles were fired throughout each profile. From cast 58 onwards, water samples were taken from the rosette bottles in order to obtain independent salinity samples. Water samples were taken from the CTD rosette bottles during 16 casts for analysis of levels of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), Total Dissolved Nitrogen (TDN), Total Dissolved Phosphorous (TDP) and amino acids by staff at National Oceanography Centre, Southampton (NOCS).

Dissolved oxygen water samples were taken from the CTD rosette bottles fired at 5 depths between 120 m and 2 m at casts 14, 20, 35, 40, 47, 53, 72, 74, 76, 80, 81, 84, 91, 96, 110, 120, 123, 128 and 133. These samples were analysed at NOCS.

After all CTD casts, between four to ten water samples were collected from rosette bottles fired at a range of depths throughout the water column. These samples were analysed at NOCS to provide chlorophyll-a concentrations.

Water samples were taken from mid-depth bottles fired during casts 11, 47, 85, 120 and 128 and from surface bottles during cast 28 to provide information on phytoplankton 15N and13C uptake rates. The analysis was performed by NOCS.

Water samples were taken from rosette bottles fired at the surface, mid-to-low surface mixed layer, upper thermocline and subsurface fluorescence maximum during pre-dawn CTD casts (numbers 6, 11, 16, 19, 28, 47, 72, 81, 84, 120, 128 and 133). These samples were analysed by NOCS for primary productivity and for cross-comparison with the deployed Chelsea Instruments Fastracka.

Nutrient data were collected throughout the water column during all CTD casts and analysed at NOCS.

Data Processing

The CTD data recorded during cruise CD173 were processed by UKORS (after September 2005, this became the National Marine Facilities [NMF], part of NOCS) using Sea-Bird Seasave software v. 5.32. Output parameters were generated using the DATCNV module as follows:

(i) Time, Elapsed [seconds]
(ii) Depth [salt water, m]
(iii) Pressure [db]
(iv) Primary Temperature [ITS-90, deg C]
(v) Primary Conductivity [mS/cm]
(vi) Primary Salinity [PSU]
(vii) Secondary Temperature [ITS-90, deg C]
(viii) Secondary Conductivity [mS/cm]
(ix) Secondary Salinity [PSU]
(x) Fluorescence Chlorophyll Concentration [ug/l]
(xi) Oxygen concentration [umol/Kg]
(xii) Beam Transmission [%]

No further processing with Sea-Bird software was carried out on the data.

The cruise PSO inspected the data prior to performing their own in-house processing. During this inspection, a major problem with the temperature and salinity data was identified . The problem showed up as a consistent apparent spiking in temperature and salinity as the CTD passed through the pycnocline, in a way not normally expected from a CTD. The problem was, after discussion with ship personnel, identified as most likely being due to lack of efficient flushing of the CTD rosette during profiling. The solution to this problem chosen by the PSO was to identify the low points of each spike, based on the 10 lowest secondary temperature sensor readings within each 0.5 m depth interval. The secondary sensor was chosen as it was located towards the edge of the instrument package and would therefore be less affected by the instrument flushing problem. All other data were taken from the scans that had the lowest 10 temperatures - this meant that the supplied salinity was based on temperature and conductivity from the secondary sensors. The time channel, pressure, primary temperature, primary conductivity and primary salinity were excluded from the dataset supplied to BODC. Once the valid data were identified, they were bin averaged over 1 m intervals. A full description of the flushing problem can be seen on pages 17 - 18 of the CD 173 Cruise Report.

Field Calibrations

The CTD data for cruise CD173 received by BODC have had the following calibrations applied to them, either by UKORS / NMF or by the cruise PSO.

Temperature

The temperature sensors on the SeaBird S9+ CTD underwater unit (s/n #03P-4105 and s/n #03P-4151) were not calibrated against an independent temperature source. UKORS / NMF regularly performed re-calibrations of the sensors, with the last calibration for both #03P-4105 and #03P-4151 prior to cruise CD173 being February 2005, only 5 months beforehand. It was therefore not deemed necessary by the PSO to perform any further calibration of the temperature sensors.

Salinity

28 independent salinity samples obtained from the CTD rosette bottles from 25 July 2005 to 06 August 2005 were compared to the un-calibrated CTD salinity values. Two samples (casts 66 and 114, both at 34 m) were excluded as outliers. The offset between the salinity bottle samples and raw CTD salinity was examined and led to a calibration equation based on 26 observations as follows: calibrated CTD salinity = raw CTD salinity - 0.007, accurate to +/- 0.003 (PSS78). Further information on the salinity calibration is available on pages 18 and 19 of the CD 173 Cruise Report.

Chlorophyll

The raw CTD chlorophyll data were compared to the chlorophyll data collected from the bottle samples and analysed by NOCS. The outcome of the comparison was that two separate calibrations were required, one for the shelf edge water and one for the Celtic Sea shelf water. The two calibration equations are:

At the shelf edge:
Chlorophyll-a = 1.4 * CTD chlorophyll - 0.1 µg l-1
RMS error = ± 0.2 µg l-1

On the shelf:
Chlorophyll-a = 1.8 * CTD chlorophyll + 0.0 µg l-1
RMS error = ± 0.1 µg l-1

The above calibrations are not applicable to cast 2 as it contained an incorrect calibration file. Further details on the chlorophyll calibration can be seen on pages 19, 20 and 59 - 63 of theCD 173 Cruise Report.

Dissolved Oxygen

The dissolved oxygen concentrations recorded by the CTD were in units of µmol kg-1. These were converted by the PSO to values of µmol l-1 by multiplication by a general density factor (1025/1000). These converted values were compared to dissolved oxygen concentrations in µmol l-1 from water samples using the Winkler titration method, analysed by NOCS. A significant relationship between the two values was found at 95% confidence. The equation was manipulated by the PSO to display units of µmol kg-1 by multiplying the offset by (1000/1025), allowing a calibration to be derived as follows: calibrated dissolved oxygen = 1 * CTD dissolved oxygen + 9.0 µmol kg-1. The RMS error in the calibration is +/- 4.0 µmol kg-1. Full details on the dissolved oxygen calibration procedure are visible in pages 74 - 76 of the CD 173 Cruise Report.

Processing undertaken by BODC: CTD data from CD173

The data arrived at BODC in 264 ASCII format .dat files representing the down and up-casts for all but one of the CTD casts carried out during the cruise. No data were supplied for cast 1 as this was the CTD shakedown cast, carried out to check instrument systems were all functioning. No data of scientific value were collected on the cast.

The downcast data for 128 of the 132 supplied casts were re-formatted to the BODC internal QXF format using transfer function 401. For cast 108, the up-cast data, not the down-cast data, were re-formatted as the down-cast did not start until 66 m depth. Casts 105, 106 and 107 have not been re-formatted as the data in these files were compromised by a problem with the hydrographic wire controlling the CTD.

The table below shows how the variables in the .dat files were mapped to the appropriate BODC parameter codes. The table also provides detail on any data manipulation carried out by BODC, any derivation of variables and the reasons for any exclusion of data supplied by the Originator.

Originator's Parameter Identifier Units of Originator's Parameter Description BODC Parameter Code Units of BODC Parameter Comments (including any conversions/derivations done)
depth m Depth of CTD in metres DEPHPR01 m Multiplied originator values by -1 as they were supplied as negatives.
temp01 ° C Temperature of water column TEMPST01 ° C Calibrated by UKORS / NMF prior to cruise.
sal01 PSU PSS78 water column salinity PSALCC01 dimensionless Calibrated by PSO against independent salinity analysed by Guildline Autosal salinometer.
sigt01 kg m-3 Sigma-t Not applicable Not applicable Not loaded as sigma-theta derived by BODC
chl mg m-3 Fluorescence chlorophyll CPHLPL01 mg m-3 1 mg m-3 = 1 µg l-1 (CTD measurement units). Calibrated against in-situ chlorophyll samples obtained through fluorescence analysis.
dox µmol kg-1 Dissolved oxygen concentration DOXYSC01 µmol l-1 Converted from µmol kg-1 to µmol l-1 by dividing by TOKGPR01 factor. Calibrated against titration samples analysed using Winkler method.
dox% % Oxygen saturation - - Not loaded as oxygen saturation derived by BODC
trans % Light transmittance POPTDR01 % -
- - - SIGTPR01 kg m-3 Derived by BODC. Sigma-theta calculated using Fofonoff and Millard (1983). Derivation includes latitude dependent depth to pressure conversion.
- - - OXYSSC01 % Derived by BODC using Benson and Krause (1984)
- - - TOKGPR01 l kg-1 Derived by BODC. Conversion factor (volume to mass) for water column from computation of sigma-theta reciprocal.

The reformatted data were visualised using the in-house EDSERPLO software. Suspect data were marked by adding any appropriate quality control flag, absent data were assigned the absent data value and flagged accordingly.

References

Benson, BB. and Krause, DK. Jr., 1984. The concentration and isotopic fractionation of oxygen dissolved in freshwater and seawater in equilibrium with the atmosphere. Limnol. Oceanogr., 29(3), 620-632

Fofonoff, NP. and Millard, RC. Jr., 1983. Algorithms for computations of fundamental properties of seawater. UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science No 44, 53pp.

General Data Screening carried out by BODC

BODC screen both the series header qualifying information and the parameter values in the data cycles themselves.

Header information is inspected for:

  • Irregularities such as unfeasible values
  • Inconsistencies between related information, for example:
    • Times for instrument deployment and for start/end of data series
    • Length of record and the number of data cycles/cycle interval
    • Parameters expected and the parameters actually present in the data cycles
  • Originator's comments on meter/mooring performance and data quality

Documents are written by BODC highlighting irregularities which cannot be resolved.

Data cycles are inspected using time or depth series plots of all parameters. Currents are additionally inspected using vector scatter plots and time series plots of North and East velocity components. These presentations undergo intrinsic and extrinsic screening to detect infeasible values within the data cycles themselves and inconsistencies as seen when comparing characteristics of adjacent data sets displaced with respect to depth, position or time. Values suspected of being of non-oceanographic origin may be tagged with the BODC flag denoting suspect value; the data values will not be altered.

The following types of irregularity, each relying on visual detection in the plot, are amongst those which may be flagged as suspect:

  • Spurious data at the start or end of the record.
  • Obvious spikes occurring in periods free from meteorological disturbance.
  • A sequence of constant values in consecutive data cycles.

If a large percentage of the data is affected by irregularities then a Problem Report will be written rather than flagging the individual suspect values. Problem Reports are also used to highlight irregularities seen in the graphical data presentations.

Inconsistencies between the characteristics of the data set and those of its neighbours are sought and, where necessary, documented. This covers inconsistencies such as the following:

  • Maximum and minimum values of parameters (spikes excluded).
  • The occurrence of meteorological events.

This intrinsic and extrinsic screening of the parameter values seeks to confirm the qualifying information and the source laboratory's comments on the series. In screening and collating information, every care is taken to ensure that errors of BODC making are not introduced.


Project Information

Physical-Biological Control of New Production within the Seasonal Thermocline

This project was a NERC responsive-mode project which was co-funded by the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory and ran from 2003 to 2006. The key institutes and scientists involved were:

Institute Scientific personnel
Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory (POL) Jonathan Sharples
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton (NOCS) Patrick Holligan
Mark Moore
University of Wales, Bangor (UWB) John Simpson
Tom Rippeth

Research Aim

The main aim of this research was to investigate the generation and dissipation of turbulence in the thermocline, and to quantify how the resulting mixing (supplying nutrients and controlling the light experienced by the algae) affected the growth of phytoplankton within the sub-surface chlorophyll maximum (SCM).

Research Objectives

The objective of the research was to test the general hypothesis that, in seasonally-stratified shelf waters, temporal and spatial variability of the rate of 'new' production is determined by the degree of coupling between physical and biological processes within the seasonal thermocline. In particular it has been suggested that physiological adaptation by phytoplankton making up the subsurface chlorophyll maximum drives a biological pump for extracting nitrate from the bottom mixed layer that is sensitive to internal mixing and to external climatological factors.

Research Approach

The sampling and experimental strategy was based on established methods for obtaining compatible, high-resolution vertical profiles (alternate CTD and FLY) and sections (SeaSoar) of physical, chemical, and biological parameters, allowing quantification of vertical fluxes and primary production on tidal and internal wave time scales. The cruise schedule (with associated mooring deployments) for the project is below.

Cruise Schedule

Cruise ID Ship Sampling Region Cruise Dates Main measurements
JR98 RRS James Clark Ross St Georges Channel, Celtic Sea and shelf edge 25/07/03 - 14/08/03 CTD casts, SeaSoar transects (CTD, chlorophyll, fluorescence), FRRF, ship ADCP, primary productivity, nutrients, trace metals, phytoplankton uptake rates, algal photophysiology, oxygen concentration, particle size, optics, mooring deployments
PD32_03 RV Prince Madog Celtic Sea and shelf edge 27/07/03 - 13/08/03 5 x FLY 25 hour tidal cycle stations, particle size analysis, particle settling velocity, CTD casts, mooring deployments
CD173 RRS Charles Darwin Celtic Sea and shelf edge 15/07/05 - 06/08/05 CTD casts, chlorophyll, oxygen concentration, FLY profiles, SeaSoar tows (CTD, chlorophyll, FRRF), phytoplankton pigments, nutrients, primary productivity, phytoplankton uptake rates, FRRF profiles, optics, particle size analysis, mooring deployments
PD27_05 RV Prince Madog Celtic Sea and shelf edge 22/07/05 - 06/08/05 FLY profiles, mooring deployments

Moorings

Station ID Latitude Longitude Depth (m) Mooring Deployment date Recovery date Deployment vessel
CS3 51.471 -6.428 95 Seabed frame 300 kHz ADCP 01/08/03 11/08/03 RV Prince Madog
CS3 51.471 -6.428 95 Seabed frame 1200 kHz ADCP 01/08/03 11/08/03 RV Prince Madog
CS3 51.474 -6.437 95 Mid-water subsurface 300 kHz ADCP 01/08/03 11/08/03 RV Prince Madog
CS3 51.469 -6.437 95 Thermistor chain from 5 - 45 m depth 01/08/03 11/08/03 RV Prince Madog
ACW 51.266 -5.741 85 Seabed frame 300 kHz ADCP 06/08/03 08/08/03 RV Prince Madog
CS2 48.532 -9.463 200 Surface temperature toroid 28/07/03 12/08/03 RRS James Clark Ross
CS2 48.532 -9.463 200 Thermistor chain throughout water column 28/07/03 12/08/03 RRS James Clark Ross
CS2 48.532 -9.463 200 Sub-suface 600 kHz ADCP (90 m) 28/07/03 12/08/03 RRS James Clark Ross
CS2 48.532 -9.463 200 Aanderaa RCM7 current meter/CTD (12 mab)* 28/07/03 12/08/03 RRS James Clark Ross
CS2 48.532 -9.463 200 Seabed frame 150 kHz ADCP 28/07/03 12/08/03 RRS James Clark Ross
CS2 48.532 -9.463 200 Seabed frame 300 kHz ADCP 28/07/03 12/08/03 RRS James Clark Ross
U2 49.236 -6.166 121 Sub-suface 300 kHz ADCP (5 mab)* 15/07/05 03/08/05 RRS Charles Darwin
U2 49.233 -6.167 120 Thermistor chain throughout water column 19/07/05 Mooring lost RRS Charles Darwin
CS2 48.571 -9.509 200 Thermistor chain throughout water column 17/07/05 24/07/05 RRS Charles Darwin
CS2 48.573 -9.51 194 Sub-suface 300 kHz ADCP (100 m) 17/07/05 24/07/05 RRS Charles Darwin
CS2 48.572 -9.508 196 Seabed frame 300 kHz ADCP 17/07/05 24/07/05 RRS Charles Darwin
CS2 48.571 -9.507 202 Seabed frame 150 kHz ADCP 17/07/05 24/07/05 RRS Charles Darwin
Bank 1 49.938 -7.792 118 Thermistor chain throughout water column 26/07/05 Mooring lost RRS Charles Darwin
Bank 1 49.936 -7.792 118 Seabed frame 300 kHz ADCP 27/07/05 Recovered by trawler 29/07/05 RRS Charles Darwin
Bank 2 49.895 -7.872 114 Thermistor chain throughout water column 20/07/05 04/08/05 RRS Charles Darwin
Bank 2 49.876 -7.897 112 Sub-surface 600 kHz ADCP (56 m) 26/07/05 04/08/05 RRS Charles Darwin
Bank 2 49.894 -7.873 110 Seabed frame 300 kHz ADCP 26/07/05 04/08/05 RRS Charles Darwin
Bank 3 49.851 -7.952 78 Thermistor chain throughout water column 26/07/05 03/08/05 RV Prince Madog
Bank 3 49.854 -7.948 78 Seabed frame 300 kHz ADCP 26/07/05 Mooring lost RV Prince Madog

* = metres above seabed

Project Outcomes

The main products of the research were:

  • The first large scale interdisciplinary study of the dynamic processes that determine the properties of the SCM in NW European shelf waters.
  • Substantive advances in quantifying internal mixing in NW European shelf seas, and in understanding how primary production is controlled by this small-scale turbulence.
  • New parameterisations for internal vertical mixing, and the response of primary production, for use in coupled numerical models.
  • Improved capability for estimating primary productivity in stratified waters by satellite remote sensing (ocean colour, sea surface temperature, wind mixing etc.)
  • An overall development of our understanding of the dynamics of ecosystems that support important fisheries, and of our abilities in predicting ecological and biogeochemical responses to variations and changes in the climate of the marine environment.

Data Activity or Cruise Information

Cruise

Cruise Name CD173
Departure Date 2005-07-15
Arrival Date 2005-08-06
Principal Scientist(s)Jonathan Sharples (Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory)
Ship RRS Charles Darwin

Complete Cruise Metadata Report is available here


Fixed Station Information

Fixed Station Information

Station NameCS2
CategoryOffshore area
Latitude48° 33.23' N
Longitude9° 29.17' W
Water depth below MSL200.0 m

Physical-Biological Control of New Production within the Seasonal Thermocline: Fixed Station CS2

This station is positioned close to the edge of the north-west European shelf edge (see figure below). It was first visited by the RRS James Clark Ross (JR98) in 2003 and then by the RRS Charles Darwin (CD173) in 2005. This station was then re-visited in 2014 during the RRS Discovery cruise DY018, as part of work package I of the Shelf Seas Biogeochemistry project. The station has a mean water depth 201 m at the following co-ordinates:

Box Corner Latitude Longitude
North-west corner 48.5838° -9.5497°
South-east corner 48.4998° -9.4364°

The position of this station relative to the other sites visited during JR98, CD173 and DY018 can be seen from the figure below.

BODC image

The following table describes which sites were visited during which cruises

JB3 Bank 2 OB IS1b CS1 CS2 CS3 U2 Candyfloss/CCS Benthic A Benthic H Benthic I Benthic G East of Haig Fras Nymph Bank Celtic Deep East of Celtic Deep
JR98 - - - X X X X X - - - - - - - - -
CD173 X X X - - - - X - - - - - - - - -
DY018 - - - - - X - - X X X X X X X X X

The deployment and sampling history, to date, for this station is summarised below:

Sampling History

JR98 CD173 DY018
CTD casts 30 15 15
Free-fall light yo-yo profiles - 153 -
Profiling radiometer - 16 -
Zooplankton net hauls - - 32
Box cores - - 5
Marine snow catcher deployments - - 17
Stand Alone Pump Systems (SAPS) - - 2

Mooring deployments

Latitude Longitude Water depth (m) Moored instrument Deployment date Recovery date Deployment cruise Recovery cruise Comments
48.532° -9.463° 200 Surface temperature toroid 2003-07-28 2003-08-12 JR98 JR98 -
48.532° -9.463° 200 Thermistor chain throughout water column 2003-07-28 2003-08-12 JR98 JR98 -
48.532° -9.463° 200 Sub-surface 600 kHz ADCP 2003-07-28 2003-08-12 JR98 JR98 -
48.532° -9.463° 200 Aanderaa RCM7 current meter/CTD 2003-07-28 2003-08-12 JR98 JR98 -
48.532° -9.463° 200 Seabed frame 150 kHz ADCP 2003-07-28 2003-08-12 JR98 JR98 -
48.532° -9.463° 200 Seabed frame 300 kHz ADCP 2003-07-28 2003-08-12 JR98 JR98 -
48.571° -9.509° 200 Thermistor chain throughout water column 2005-07-17 2005-07-24 CD173 CD173 -
48.573° -9.51° 194 Sub-surface 300 kHz ADCP 2005-07-17 2005-07-24 CD173 CD173 -
48.572° -9.508° 196 Seabed frame 300 kHz ADCP 2005-07-17 2005-07-24 CD173 CD173 -
48.571° -9.507° 202 Seabed frame 150 kHz ADCP 2005-07-17 2005-07-24 CD173 CD173 -
- - 205 T-F chain 2014-11-17 09:03 UTC 2014-11-19 17:07 UTC DY018 DY018 -

Related Fixed Station activities are detailed in Appendix 1


BODC Quality Control Flags

The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:

Flag Description
Blank Unqualified
< Below detection limit
> In excess of quoted value
A Taxonomic flag for affinis (aff.)
B Beginning of CTD Down/Up Cast
C Taxonomic flag for confer (cf.)
D Thermometric depth
E End of CTD Down/Up Cast
G Non-taxonomic biological characteristic uncertainty
H Extrapolated value
I Taxonomic flag for single species (sp.)
K Improbable value - unknown quality control source
L Improbable value - originator's quality control
M Improbable value - BODC quality control
N Null value
O Improbable value - user quality control
P Trace/calm
Q Indeterminate
R Replacement value
S Estimated value
T Interpolated value
U Uncalibrated
W Control value
X Excessive difference

SeaDataNet Quality Control Flags

The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:

Flag Description
0 no quality control
1 good value
2 probably good value
3 probably bad value
4 bad value
5 changed value
6 value below detection
7 value in excess
8 interpolated value
9 missing value
A value phenomenon uncertain
B nominal value
Q value below limit of quantification

Appendix 1: CS2

Related series for this Fixed Station are presented in the table below. Further information can be found by following the appropriate links.

If you are interested in these series, please be aware we offer a multiple file download service. Should your credentials be insufficient for automatic download, the service also offers a referral to our Enquiries Officer who may be able to negotiate access.

Series IdentifierData CategoryStart date/timeStart positionCruise
1106504CTD or STD cast2003-07-27 21:58:0248.49983 N, 9.54967 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106528CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 02:56:5948.538 N, 9.46383 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106541CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 03:58:0248.538 N, 9.46417 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106553CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 05:20:5948.538 N, 9.46417 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106565CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 06:01:0048.538 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106577CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 06:58:0248.538 N, 9.46417 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106589CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 08:01:5848.538 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106590CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 09:17:0048.538 N, 9.46417 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106608CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 10:22:5748.538 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106621CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 11:15:0448.53783 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106633CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 12:28:5748.53783 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106645CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 13:37:0348.53783 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106657CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 14:06:0048.53783 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106669CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 15:00:0048.538 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106670CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 16:12:0048.538 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106682CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 17:00:5848.538 N, 9.46417 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106694CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 18:00:0048.53783 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106701CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 18:58:0248.53783 N, 9.46417 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106713CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 19:59:5748.53783 N, 9.46417 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106725CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 20:57:5948.53783 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106737CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 21:57:0148.538 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106749CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 23:07:0048.538 N, 9.46383 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106750CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 23:56:5948.53783 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106762CTD or STD cast2003-07-30 00:58:0248.53783 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106774CTD or STD cast2003-07-30 01:57:0448.53783 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106786CTD or STD cast2003-07-30 02:56:5948.53833 N, 9.46317 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106798CTD or STD cast2003-07-30 03:59:0248.538 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106805CTD or STD cast2003-07-30 05:09:0148.538 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1108326CTD or STD cast2003-08-12 06:46:5748.52383 N, 9.45533 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1108338CTD or STD cast2003-08-12 11:25:0048.52883 N, 9.47533 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
737376CTD or STD cast2005-07-17 18:57:0048.575 N, 9.51433 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
737388CTD or STD cast2005-07-17 21:14:0048.57517 N, 9.515 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
737407CTD or STD cast2005-07-17 23:07:0048.57617 N, 9.51083 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
737419CTD or STD cast2005-07-18 00:58:0048.57533 N, 9.50133 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
737420CTD or STD cast2005-07-18 07:19:0048.568 N, 9.50233 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
1174790PAR radiance and irradiance2005-07-18 09:32:4748.532 N, 9.463 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
1174808PAR radiance and irradiance2005-07-18 09:39:4548.532 N, 9.463 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
737432CTD or STD cast2005-07-18 12:02:0048.56817 N, 9.5115 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
1174821PAR radiance and irradiance2005-07-18 14:02:4548.532 N, 9.463 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
1174833PAR radiance and irradiance2005-07-18 14:07:2248.532 N, 9.463 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
737444CTD or STD cast2005-07-18 16:22:0048.5705 N, 9.49217 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
737616CTD or STD cast2005-07-23 03:00:0048.57167 N, 9.48967 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
737628CTD or STD cast2005-07-23 07:18:0048.57083 N, 9.48733 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
1174845PAR radiance and irradiance2005-07-23 09:10:3748.532 N, 9.463 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
1174857PAR radiance and irradiance2005-07-23 09:15:5148.532 N, 9.463 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
1174869PAR radiance and irradiance2005-07-23 09:22:3748.532 N, 9.463 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
737641CTD or STD cast2005-07-23 10:32:0048.5785 N, 9.50317 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
737653CTD or STD cast2005-07-23 15:25:0048.57733 N, 9.48133 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
1174870PAR radiance and irradiance2005-07-23 17:08:3248.532 N, 9.463 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
1174882PAR radiance and irradiance2005-07-23 18:40:3548.532 N, 9.463 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
737665CTD or STD cast2005-07-23 19:59:0048.57617 N, 9.48967 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
737677CTD or STD cast2005-07-23 23:07:0048.58083 N, 9.50617 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
737689CTD or STD cast2005-07-24 04:03:0048.5825 N, 9.512 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
1371585CTD or STD cast2014-03-28 15:49:0048.57113 N, 9.5127 WRRS Discovery DY008
1336711Water sample data2014-03-28 15:55:0048.57113 N, 9.5127 WRRS Discovery DY008
2117548Water sample data2014-03-28 15:55:0048.57113 N, 9.5127 WRRS Discovery DY008
2119101Water sample data2014-03-28 15:55:0048.57113 N, 9.5127 WRRS Discovery DY008
1373057CTD or STD cast2014-08-07 06:04:0048.57 N, 9.51 WRRS Discovery DY026A
2127506Water sample data2014-08-07 06:20:0048.5699 N, 9.51027 WRRS Discovery DY026A
1373069CTD or STD cast2014-08-07 11:10:0048.57633 N, 9.51617 WRRS Discovery DY026A
2118146Water sample data2014-08-07 11:29:3048.57648 N, 9.5154 WRRS Discovery DY026A
2127518Water sample data2014-08-07 11:29:3048.57648 N, 9.5154 WRRS Discovery DY026A
1373070CTD or STD cast2014-08-07 15:00:0048.57167 N, 9.505 WRRS Discovery DY026A
2127531Water sample data2014-08-07 15:17:0048.5711 N, 9.5046 WRRS Discovery DY026A
1371849CTD or STD cast2014-11-14 13:15:0048.571 N, 9.50947 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2117689Water sample data2014-11-14 13:23:3048.57106 N, 9.50945 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749283Fluorescence or pigments2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749295Fluorescence or pigments2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749302Fluorescence or pigments2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749314Fluorescence or pigments2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749326Fluorescence or pigments2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749338Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749351Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749363Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749375Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749399Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749406Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749418Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749431Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749443Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749455Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749467Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749479Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749480Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749492Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749511Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749523Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749535Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749547Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749559Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749560Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749572Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749584Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749596Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749387Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:3048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1371978CTD or STD cast2014-11-17 12:25:0048.57087 N, 9.50968 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2117690Water sample data2014-11-17 12:35:3048.57086 N, 9.50969 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2119832Water sample data2014-11-17 12:35:3048.57086 N, 9.50969 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2126804Water sample data2014-11-17 12:35:3048.57086 N, 9.50969 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2136614Water sample data2014-11-17 12:35:3048.57086 N, 9.50969 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1371991CTD or STD cast2014-11-17 15:42:0048.57087 N, 9.50968 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1372005CTD or STD cast2014-11-18 05:16:0048.57107 N, 9.51052 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2117708Water sample data2014-11-18 05:28:0048.57107 N, 9.51051 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2126816Water sample data2014-11-18 05:28:0048.57107 N, 9.51051 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2136626Water sample data2014-11-18 05:28:0048.57107 N, 9.51051 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1372017CTD or STD cast2014-11-18 08:10:0048.57127 N, 9.51102 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1372460CTD or STD cast2014-11-18 09:15:0048.57127 N, 9.51102 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2120058Water sample data2014-11-18 09:19:0048.57127 N, 9.51102 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2121479Water sample data2014-11-18 09:19:0048.57127 N, 9.51102 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2127033Water sample data2014-11-18 09:19:0048.57127 N, 9.51102 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1372029CTD or STD cast2014-11-18 10:02:0048.57127 N, 9.51102 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1372030CTD or STD cast2014-11-18 12:11:0048.57123 N, 9.51103 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2117721Water sample data2014-11-18 12:21:3048.57125 N, 9.51104 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2119844Water sample data2014-11-18 12:21:3048.57125 N, 9.51104 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2126828Water sample data2014-11-18 12:21:3048.57125 N, 9.51104 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2136638Water sample data2014-11-18 12:21:3048.57125 N, 9.51104 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1372472CTD or STD cast2014-11-19 10:02:0048.57112 N, 9.5095 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2120071Water sample data2014-11-19 10:06:0048.57113 N, 9.50949 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2121480Water sample data2014-11-19 10:06:0048.57113 N, 9.50949 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2127045Water sample data2014-11-19 10:06:0048.57113 N, 9.50949 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1372042CTD or STD cast2014-11-19 12:17:0048.57113 N, 9.50952 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2117733Water sample data2014-11-19 12:27:0048.57112 N, 9.50949 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2119856Water sample data2014-11-19 12:27:0048.57112 N, 9.50949 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2126841Water sample data2014-11-19 12:27:0048.57112 N, 9.50949 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2136651Water sample data2014-11-19 12:27:0048.57112 N, 9.50949 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1372054CTD or STD cast2014-11-19 13:58:0048.57112 N, 9.50953 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1372066CTD or STD cast2014-11-20 02:11:0048.57352 N, 9.50627 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2117745Water sample data2014-11-20 02:21:3048.57351 N, 9.50628 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2126853Water sample data2014-11-20 02:21:3048.57351 N, 9.50628 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2136663Water sample data2014-11-20 02:21:3048.57351 N, 9.50628 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1372238CTD or STD cast2014-11-24 13:17:0048.571 N, 9.50945 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1372251CTD or STD cast2014-11-24 14:09:0048.571 N, 9.50947 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2119893Water sample data2014-11-24 14:12:3048.571 N, 9.50946 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1624461CTD or STD cast2015-03-24 05:51:0048.57065 N, 9.5093 WRRS Discovery DY021
2118091Water sample data2015-03-24 05:59:0048.57066 N, 9.5093 WRRS Discovery DY021
2127358Water sample data2015-03-24 05:59:0048.57066 N, 9.5093 WRRS Discovery DY021
1626271CTD or STD cast2015-04-09 02:07:0048.57113 N, 9.51593 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
1626283CTD or STD cast2015-04-09 07:07:0048.57117 N, 9.50992 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
1626258CTD or STD cast2015-04-09 18:06:0048.5742 N, 9.50827 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
2136780Water sample data2015-04-10 02:23:0048.57114 N, 9.50994 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
2118299Water sample data2015-04-10 07:25:0048.57116 N, 9.5099 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
1626523CTD or STD cast2015-04-17 07:09:0048.57188 N, 9.51053 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
2118411Water sample data2015-04-17 07:14:3048.57057 N, 9.51103 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
2136903Water sample data2015-04-17 07:14:3048.57057 N, 9.51103 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
2118472Water sample data2015-04-24 02:23:3048.57129 N, 9.50945 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
2136940Water sample data2015-04-24 02:23:3048.57129 N, 9.50945 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
1626812CTD or STD cast2015-04-24 02:41:0048.57132 N, 9.50962 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
1627378CTD or STD cast2015-04-24 05:43:0048.52172 N, 9.45178 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
1626824CTD or STD cast2015-04-24 09:04:0048.60553 N, 9.44478 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
2118484Water sample data2015-04-24 13:35:3048.5697 N, 9.50944 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
2136952Water sample data2015-04-24 13:35:3048.5697 N, 9.50944 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
1626836CTD or STD cast2015-04-24 13:49:0048.56968 N, 9.50942 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
1626848CTD or STD cast2015-04-24 15:45:0048.5666 N, 9.50927 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
1627391CTD or STD cast2015-04-24 16:27:0048.56667 N, 9.50933 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
1626861CTD or STD cast2015-04-24 17:25:0048.56647 N, 9.50928 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
1624983CTD or STD cast2015-05-22 14:55:0048.57023 N, 9.5104 WRRS Discovery DY030
2132545Water sample data2015-05-22 15:11:0048.57023 N, 9.51038 WRRS Discovery DY030
2137838Water sample data2015-05-22 15:11:0048.57023 N, 9.51038 WRRS Discovery DY030
1624645CTD or STD cast2015-05-22 16:13:0048.57023 N, 9.5104 WRRS Discovery DY030
2123413Water sample data2015-05-22 16:26:3048.57023 N, 9.51039 WRRS Discovery DY030
1625199CTD or STD cast2015-07-19 01:15:0048.57085 N, 9.5098 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2118693Water sample data2015-07-19 01:21:3048.57086 N, 9.5099 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2120279Water sample data2015-07-19 01:21:3048.57086 N, 9.5099 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2123566Water sample data2015-07-19 01:21:3048.57086 N, 9.5099 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2137931Water sample data2015-07-19 01:21:3048.57086 N, 9.5099 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
1625206CTD or STD cast2015-07-19 11:05:0048.57113 N, 9.50987 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2123578Water sample data2015-07-19 11:17:0048.57115 N, 9.50986 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2137943Water sample data2015-07-19 11:17:0048.57115 N, 9.50986 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
1625218CTD or STD cast2015-07-19 15:50:0048.57122 N, 9.50985 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
1625231CTD or STD cast2015-07-20 02:12:0048.57083 N, 9.50967 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2118700Water sample data2015-07-20 02:24:0048.57092 N, 9.50971 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2123591Water sample data2015-07-20 02:24:0048.57092 N, 9.50971 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2137955Water sample data2015-07-20 02:24:0048.57092 N, 9.50971 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
1625685CTD or STD cast2015-07-20 03:29:0048.57083 N, 9.50967 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2120440Water sample data2015-07-20 03:39:0048.57093 N, 9.50975 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2123947Water sample data2015-07-20 03:39:0048.57093 N, 9.50975 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
1625243CTD or STD cast2015-07-20 05:18:0048.57083 N, 9.50967 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
1625255CTD or STD cast2015-07-20 10:04:0048.5711 N, 9.5093 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2120280Water sample data2015-07-20 11:15:0048.5711 N, 9.50929 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2123609Water sample data2015-07-20 11:15:0048.5711 N, 9.50929 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2137967Water sample data2015-07-20 11:15:0048.5711 N, 9.50929 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
1625267CTD or STD cast2015-07-20 15:26:0048.57107 N, 9.50897 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2119752Water sample data2015-08-31 08:42:3048.57077 N, 9.50961 WRRS Discovery DY034
2122317Water sample data2015-08-31 10:10:0048.57082 N, 9.51127 WRRS Discovery DY034