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Metadata Report for BODC Series Reference Number 1106737


Metadata Summary

Data Description

Data Category CTD or STD cast
Instrument Type
NameCategories
Sea-Bird SBE 43 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor  dissolved gas sensors
Sea-Bird SBE 911plus CTD  CTD; water temperature sensor; salinity sensor
Sea-Bird SBE 3plus (SBE 3P) temperature sensor  water temperature sensor
Sea-Bird SBE 4C conductivity sensor  salinity sensor
Chelsea Technologies Group Aquatracka III fluorometer  fluorometers
Chelsea Technologies Group Alphatracka II transmissometer  transmissometers
SeaTech Light Back-Scattering Sensor  optical backscatter sensors
Instrument Mounting lowered unmanned submersible
Originating Country United Kingdom
Originator Prof Jonathan Sharples
Originating Organization Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory (now National Oceanography Centre, Liverpool)
Processing Status banked
Online delivery of data Download available - Ocean Data View (ODV) format
Project(s) Seasonal Thermocline Production Control
 

Data Identifiers

Originator's Identifier CTD023_DN
BODC Series Reference 1106737
 

Time Co-ordinates(UT)

Start Time (yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm) 2003-07-29 21:57
End Time (yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm) 2003-07-29 21:57
Nominal Cycle Interval 0.5 metres
 

Spatial Co-ordinates

Latitude 48.53800 N ( 48° 32.3' N )
Longitude 9.46400 W ( 9° 27.8' W )
Positional Uncertainty 0.01 to 0.05 n.miles
Minimum Sensor or Sampling Depth 2.25 m
Maximum Sensor or Sampling Depth 182.75 m
Minimum Sensor or Sampling Height 15.65 m
Maximum Sensor or Sampling Height 196.15 m
Sea Floor Depth 198.4 m
Sea Floor Depth Source -
Sensor or Sampling Distribution Variable common depth - All sensors are grouped effectively at the same depth, but this depth varies significantly during the series
Sensor or Sampling Depth Datum Instantaneous - Depth measured below water line or instantaneous water body surface
Sea Floor Depth Datum Instantaneous - Depth measured below water line or instantaneous water body surface
 

Parameters

BODC CODERankUnitsTitle
ACYCAA011DimensionlessSequence number
ADEPZZ011MetresDepth (spatial coordinate) relative to water surface in the water body
CPHLPS011Milligrams per cubic metreConcentration of chlorophyll-a {chl-a CAS 479-61-8} per unit volume of the water body [particulate >unknown phase] by in-situ chlorophyll fluorometer and calibration against sample data
DOXYSC011Micromoles per litreConcentration of oxygen {O2 CAS 7782-44-7} per unit volume of the water body [dissolved plus reactive particulate phase] by Sea-Bird SBE 43 sensor and calibration against sample data
OXYSSC011PercentSaturation of oxygen {O2 CAS 7782-44-7} in the water body [dissolved plus reactive particulate phase] by Sea-Bird SBE 43 sensor and calibration against sample data and computation from concentration using Benson and Krause algorithm
POPTDR011PercentTransmittance (red light wavelength) per 25cm of the water body by 25cm path length red light transmissometer
POTMCV011Degrees CelsiusPotential temperature of the water body by computation using UNESCO 1983 algorithm
PSALCC011DimensionlessPractical salinity of the water body by CTD and computation using UNESCO 1983 algorithm and calibration against independent measurements
SIGTPR011Kilograms per cubic metreSigma-theta of the water body by CTD and computation from salinity and potential temperature using UNESCO algorithm
TEMPS9011Degrees CelsiusTemperature (ITS-90) of the water body by CTD or STD
VSCTXXXX1PercentVolume scattering of light (unspecified wavelengths) by the water body

Definition of Rank

  • Rank 1 is a one-dimensional parameter
  • Rank 2 is a two-dimensional parameter
  • Rank 0 is a one-dimensional parameter describing the second dimension of a two-dimensional parameter (e.g. bin depths for moored ADCP data)

Problem Reports

No Problem Report Found in the Database

Data quality comments for JR98

Surface soak

The surface soak has been included in the binned data in the casts mentioned below. This is an issue which especially affects the salinity and oxygen channels, as well as any parameters that are derived from these. For salinity, oxygen and their derived parameters the top 10-15 m of the downcast have been flagged in most casts which are affected by this issue (the salinity channel for casts 129, 130 and 132 did not show substantial deviation and thus was not flagged).

Casts which have had the surface soak included in the binned data:

  • Cast 001
  • Cast 025
  • Cast 085
  • Cast 125
  • Cast 129
  • Cast 130
  • Cast 131
  • Cast 132
  • Cast 133
  • Cast 159

Temperature and salinity

The data originator performed a quality check on the data, by comparing the RMS difference between primary and secondary salinity measurements for each downcast. Most casts showed an RMS difference of < 0.01. Casts 025, 048, 107, 125, 133 and 139 showed RMS differences between 0.01 and 0.02. For these casts the errors associated with salinity measurements will be at worst ± 0.02. Casts 002, 085 and 159 showed RMS differences > 0.05 and the data originator recommended these should be regarded as unreliable. The errors for cast 002 and cast 085 were caused by discrepancies between the two conductivity sensors, while for cast 159 the discrepancy was between the temperature sensors. It is not known which sensor was responsible for these discrepancies, and which was providing correct measurements.

The salinity profile for the downcast of cast 002 is irregular with values that are much higher than those experienced in either the upcast or in subsequent casts at the same location. BODC recommend therefore that all data from cast 002 for the following channels be treated with caution:

  • Salinity
  • Dissolved oxygen concentration
  • Dissolved oxygen saturation
  • Sigma-theta
  • Potential temperature

Other comments

  • During casts 037, 041 and 043 there was lots of noise observed as the CTD moved through the thermocline. This problem affects all variables for these casts
  • The downcast for cast 048 was much shallower than the other casts at this station, and there was only an upcast record of approximately ten metres.
  • All chlorophyll bins for the profiles which were taken using the CTD mounted on the titanium frame (casts 125-133 and 159) have been flagged, as the wrong calibration has been applied. For more information see the chlorophyll section of the originator's processing document.

Data Access Policy

Open Data

These data have no specific confidentiality restrictions for users. However, users must acknowledge data sources as it is not ethical to publish data without proper attribution. Any publication or other output resulting from usage of the data should include an acknowledgment.

If the Information Provider does not provide a specific attribution statement, or if you are using Information from several Information Providers and multiple attributions are not practical in your product or application, you may consider using the following:

"Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v1.0."


Narrative Documents

Sea-Bird Dissolved Oxygen Sensor SBE 43 and SBE 43F

The SBE 43 is a dissolved oxygen sensor designed for marine applications. It incorporates a high-performance Clark polarographic membrane with a pump that continuously plumbs water through it, preventing algal growth and the development of anoxic conditions when the sensor is taking measurements.

Two configurations are available: SBE 43 produces a voltage output and can be incorporated with any Sea-Bird CTD that accepts input from a 0-5 volt auxiliary sensor, while the SBE 43F produces a frequency output and can be integrated with an SBE 52-MP (Moored Profiler CTD) or used for OEM applications. The specifications below are common to both.

Specifications

Housing Plastic or titanium
Membrane

0.5 mil- fast response, typical for profile applications

1 mil- slower response, typical for moored applications

Depth rating

600 m (plastic) or 7000 m (titanium)

10500 m titanium housing available on request

Measurement range 120% of surface saturation
Initial accuracy 2% of saturation
Typical stability 0.5% per 1000 h

Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.

Instrument description for JR98 stainless steel CTD

CTD Unit and Auxiliary Sensors

The CTD mounted on a 24 bottle stainless steel rosette, comprised of a Sea-Bird Electronics 9plus system, with accompanying Sea-Bird Electronics 11plus deck unit. This unit was deployed for casts 1-124, 134-158 and 160-172. The CTD frame was fitted with a digiquartz pressure sensor, two temperature sensors, two conductivity sensors, one dissolved oxygen sensor, one chlorophyll fluorometer (Chelsea Instruments AQUAtracka MKIII) and one transmissometer (Chelsea MKII Alphatracka). For the first 30 casts there was also a Sea-tech LS6000 backscatter sensor attached to the CTD, which was replaced by a SUV-6 nitrate spectrophotometer for casts 31 onwards.

In addition to the sensors mentioned previously, there were also two Chelsea Instrument FastTracka FRRFs with PAR sensors and one LISST 100C laser diffraction in situ particle size analyser attached to the CTD frame. These were stand-alone instruments, powered by their own batteries, which recorded their data internally. This means that their data are not available in the CTD data files and their specifications have not been included in the table below.

Sensor Unit Model Serial Number Full Specification Calibration (YYYY-MM-DD) Comments
CTD underwater unit SBE 9plus - SBE 9plus - -
Pressure transducer SBE 9plus digiquartz 78958 - 2003-06-17 -
Conductivity sensor SBE 4 04C-2407 SBE 04C 2003-07-03 Mounted to the end of the Sea-Bird 911plus underwater unit at the base of the CTD frame
Conductivity sensor SBE 4 04C-2231 SBE 04C 2003-06-19 Mounted to the end of the Sea-Bird 911plus underwater unit at the base of the CTD frame
Temperature sensor SBE 3P 03P-2919 SBE 03P 2003-07-03 Mounted to the end of the Sea-Bird 911plus underwater unit at the base of the CTD frame
Temperature sensor SBE 3P 03P-4151 SBE 03P 2003-01-06 Mounted to the end of the Sea-Bird 911plus underwater unit at the base of the CTD frame
Dissolved oxygen sensor SBE 43 0063 SBE 43 2003-02-06 -
Chlorophyll fluorometer Chelsea Instruments AQUAtracka MKIII 088-242 AQUAtracka MKIII 2001-07-28 -
Transmissometer Chelsea MKII Alphatracka 161-2642-003 Alphatracka MKII 1996-09-05 0.25 m path, 660 nm wavelength
Backscatter sensor Sea-tech LS6000 400 - 1998-04-28 Only used for casts 001-030
Nitrate sensor SUV-6 nitrate spectrophotometer - - - Used for casts 031-172. Manufactured in house at the National Oceanography Centre (NOC), Southampton

Sea-Bird Electronics SBE 911 and SBE 917 series CTD profilers

The SBE 911 and SBE 917 series of conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) units are used to collect hydrographic profiles, including temperature, conductivity and pressure as standard. Each profiler consists of an underwater unit and deck unit or SEARAM. Auxiliary sensors, such as fluorometers, dissolved oxygen sensors and transmissometers, and carousel water samplers are commonly added to the underwater unit.

Underwater unit

The CTD underwater unit (SBE 9 or SBE 9 plus) comprises a protective cage (usually with a carousel water sampler), including a main pressure housing containing power supplies, acquisition electronics, telemetry circuitry, and a suite of modular sensors. The original SBE 9 incorporated Sea-Bird's standard modular SBE 3 temperature sensor and SBE 4 conductivity sensor, and a Paroscientific Digiquartz pressure sensor. The conductivity cell was connected to a pump-fed plastic tubing circuit that could include auxiliary sensors. Each SBE 9 unit was custom built to individual specification. The SBE 9 was replaced in 1997 by an off-the-shelf version, termed the SBE 9 plus, that incorporated the SBE 3 plus (or SBE 3P) temperature sensor, SBE 4C conductivity sensor and a Paroscientific Digiquartz pressure sensor. Sensors could be connected to a pump-fed plastic tubing circuit or stand-alone.

Temperature, conductivity and pressure sensors

The conductivity, temperature, and pressure sensors supplied with Sea-Bird CTD systems have outputs in the form of variable frequencies, which are measured using high-speed parallel counters. The resulting count totals are converted to numeric representations of the original frequencies, which bear a direct relationship to temperature, conductivity or pressure. Sampling frequencies for these sensors are typically set at 24 Hz.

The temperature sensing element is a glass-coated thermistor bead, pressure-protected inside a stainless steel tube, while the conductivity sensing element is a cylindrical, flow-through, borosilicate glass cell with three internal platinum electrodes. Thermistor resistance or conductivity cell resistance, respectively, is the controlling element in an optimized Wien Bridge oscillator circuit, which produces a frequency output that can be converted to a temperature or conductivity reading. These sensors are available with depth ratings of 6800 m (aluminium housing) or 10500 m (titanium housing). The Paroscientific Digiquartz pressure sensor comprises a quartz crystal resonator that responds to pressure-induced stress, and temperature is measured for thermal compensation of the calculated pressure.

Additional sensors

Optional sensors for dissolved oxygen, pH, light transmission, fluorescence and others do not require the very high levels of resolution needed in the primary CTD channels, nor do these sensors generally offer variable frequency outputs. Accordingly, signals from the auxiliary sensors are acquired using a conventional voltage-input multiplexed A/D converter (optional). Some Sea-Bird CTDs use a strain gauge pressure sensor (Senso-Metrics) in which case their pressure output data is in the same form as that from the auxiliary sensors as described above.

Deck unit or SEARAM

Each underwater unit is connected to a power supply and data logging system: the SBE 11 (or SBE 11 plus) deck unit allows real-time interfacing between the deck and the underwater unit via a conductive wire, while the submersible SBE 17 (or SBE 17 plus) SEARAM plugs directly into the underwater unit and data are downloaded on recovery of the CTD. The combination of SBE 9 and SBE 17 or SBE 11 are termed SBE 917 or SBE 911, respectively, while the combinations of SBE 9 plus and SBE 17 plus or SBE 11 plus are termed SBE 917 plus or SBE 911 plus.

Specifications

Specifications for the SBE 9 plus underwater unit are listed below:

Parameter Range Initial accuracy Resolution at 24 Hz Response time
Temperature -5 to 35°C 0.001°C 0.0002°C 0.065 sec
Conductivity 0 to 7 S m-1 0.0003 S m-1 0.00004 S m-1 0.065 sec (pumped)
Pressure 0 to full scale (1400, 2000, 4200, 6800 or 10500 m) 0.015% of full scale 0.001% of full scale 0.015 sec

Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.

Chelsea Technologies Group Aquatracka MKIII fluorometer

The Chelsea Technologies Group Aquatracka MKIII is a logarithmic response fluorometer. Filters are available to enable the instrument to measure chlorophyll, rhodamine, fluorescein and turbidity.

It uses a pulsed (5.5 Hz) xenon light source discharging along two signal paths to eliminate variations in the flashlamp intensity. The reference path measures the intensity of the light source whilst the signal path measures the intensity of the light emitted from the specimen under test. The reference signal and the emitted light signals are then applied to a ratiometric circuit. In this circuit, the ratio of returned signal to reference signal is computed and scaled logarithmically to achieve a wide dynamic range. The logarithmic conversion accuracy is maintained at better than one percent of the reading over the full output range of the instrument.

Two variants of the instrument are available, both manufactured in titanium, capable of operating in depths from shallow water down to 2000 m and 6000 m respectively. The optical characteristics of the instrument in its different detection modes are visible below:

Excitation Chlorophyll a Rhodamine Fluorescein Turbidity
Wavelength (nm) 430 500 485 440*
Bandwidth (nm) 105 70 22 80*
Emission Chlorophyll a Rhodamine Fluorescein Turbidity
Wavelength (nm) 685 590 530 440*
Bandwidth (nm) 30 45 30 80*

* The wavelengths for the turbidity filters are customer selectable but must be in the range 400 to 700 nm. The same wavelength is used in the excitation path and the emission path.

The instrument measures chlorophyll a, rhodamine and fluorescein with a concentration range of 0.01 µg l-1 to 100 µg l-1. The concentration range for turbidity is 0.01 to 100 FTU (other wavelengths are available on request).

The instrument accuracy is ± 0.02 µg l-1 (or ± 3% of the reading, whichever is greater) for chlorophyll a, rhodamine and fluorescein. The accuracy for turbidity, over a 0 - 10 FTU range, is ± 0.02 FTU (or ± 3% of the reading, whichever is greater).

Further details are available from the Aquatracka MKIII specification sheet.

Chelsea Technologies Group ALPHAtracka and ALPHAtracka II transmissometers

The Chelsea Technologies Group ALPHAtracka (the Mark I) and its successor, the ALPHAtracka II (the Mark II), are both accurate (< 0.3 % fullscale) transmissometers that measure the beam attenuation coefficient at 660 nm. Green (565 nm), yellow (590 nm) and blue (470 nm) wavelength variants are available on special order.

The instrument consists of a Transmitter/Reference Assembly and a Detector Assembly aligned and spaced apart by an open support frame. The housing and frame are both manufactured in titanium and are pressure rated to 6000 m depth.

The Transmitter/Reference housing is sealed by an end cap. Inside the housing an LED light source emits a collimated beam through a sealed window. The Detector housing is also sealed by an end cap. A signal photodiode is placed behind a sealed window to receive the collimated beam from the Transmitter.

The primary difference between the ALPHAtracka and ALPHAtracka II is that the Alphatracka II is implemented with surface-mount technology; this has enabled a much smaller diameter pressure housing to be used while retaining exactly the same optical train as in the Mark I. Data from the Mark II version are thus fully compatible with that already obtained with the Mark I. The performance of the Mark II is further enhanced by two electronic developments from Chelsea Technologies Group - firstly, all items are locked in a signal nulling loop of near infinite gain and, secondly, the signal output linearity is inherently defined by digital circuitry only.

Among other advantages noted above, these features ensure that the optical intensity of the Mark II, indicated by the output voltage, is accurately represented by a straight line interpolation between a reading near full-scale under known conditions and a zero reading when blanked off.

For optimum measurements in a wide range of environmental conditions, the Mark I and Mark II are available in 5 cm, 10 cm and 25 cm path length versions. Output is default factory set to 2.5 volts but can be adjusted to 5 volts on request.

Further details about the Mark II instrument are available from the Chelsea Technologies Group ALPHAtrackaII specification sheet.

Sea Tech Light Back-Scatter sensor

The instrument projects light into the sample volume using two modulated 880 nm Light Emitting Diodes. Light back-scattered from the suspended particles inthe water column is measured with a solar-blind silicon detector. A light stop between the light source and the light detector prevents the measurement of direct transmitted light so that only back-scattered light from suspended particles in water are measured.

The sensor has two ranges permitting the user to measure nearly all suspended particle concentrations found in open ocean or coastal waters. Range for the measurement of suspended particle concentration in water will be approximately 10 mg l-1 if High_Gain is selected. If Low-Gain is selected full scale will be a factor of 3.3 higher or approximately 33 mg l-1.

Specifications

Range ~10 mg l-1 on High-Gain, ~33 mg l-1 on Low-Gain
Resolution 0.01% of full scale, ~ 1 µg l-1
Sensor Output 0-5 VDC
Time Constant <0.1 second
Power 9 to 28 VDC @ ~22 ma
Sensor Turn on Time ~1 second
Temperature Stability ~0.5%, 0-50 °C
Depth 6000 m
Size 3.2 cm Diameter, 14 cm length
Weight 0.26 kg in air, 0.13 kg in water
Material ABS Plastic housing filled with epoxy, clear epoxy optical windows

Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.

Originator's data processing for JR98 CTD casts

Sampling strategy

A total of 172 CTD casts were performed during RRS James Clark Ross (JR) cruise JR98, which took place from July 25th to August 14th 2003, around the Celtic Sea (for more information, see the JR 98 cruise report). Casts 001-124 were performed using a CTD mounted on a stainless steel frame with a rosette of 24 ten litre water bottles. Casts 125-133 and 159 were performed using a CTD mounted on a titanium frame with a rosette of 24 ten litre Teflon coated water bottles. Cast 159 was used to collect a full set of salinity samples for the calibration of the titanium frame CTD. Cast 123 was abandoned as the rosette was not responding, while cast 172 was a fixed depth time series.

Water bottle samples were collected at depths of between two and 200 m in order to calibrate dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll and salinity measurements made by the CTDs. Bottle samples were taken and analysed for nitrates and compared to the SUV-6 nitrate spectrophotometer. Further water samples taken were taken to measure primary production by the Universidad de Vigo and algal photophysiology by the University of Essex. The Southampton Oceanography Centre (known as the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, since 2005) used water samples to analyse photosynthesis irradiance response, ammonium concentration, phytoplankton production and dissolved iron and trace metal concentrations. A titanium frame CTD was intended to be used to collect samples for the iron analysis, in order to minimise potential contamination. However, due to problems with the titanium rosette, approximately half the samples were collected using the stainless steel unit.

Data Processing

The raw CTD files were processed through the Sea-Bird Electronics SeaSoft data processing software (version 5.26f). The binary (.DAT) files were converted to engineering units and ASCII (.CNV) files using the DATCNV program. The originator then split the data into upcast and downcast files and averaged the data into 0.5 m vertical bins. Before the data were binned spikes present in the pressure, fluorescence, transmittance, and salinity data were removed (i.e. the whole CTD data line with the spike was removed). Casts 123 and 172 were not provided as binned data files, as cast 123 was aborted and cast 172 was a fixed depth time series. Prior to sending the binned CTD data to BODC the data originator removed all data points recorded while the CTD was sat at the surface or undergoing a surface soak and applied the relevant calibrations to chlorophyll, salinity and depth.

The following table describes how the variables in the binned data relate to the variables present in the raw data file header:

Original variable Units Binned variable Units Comments
prDM: Pressure, Digiquartz Decibars - - This variable was not present in the binned data provided to BODC.
depSM: Depth salt water, m - depth m
t090C: Temperature ITS-90, °C Temperature (primary) °C -
t190C: Temperature, 2 ITS-90, °C Temperature (secondary) °C -
sal00: Salinity PSU Salinity (primary) PSS78 -
sal11: Salinity, 2 PSU Salinity (secondary) PSS78 -
flC: Fluorescence, Chelsea Aqua 3 Chl Con µg l-1 Chlorophyll mg m-3 -
sbeox0Mg/L: Oxygen, SBE 43 mg l-1 Dissolved oxygen mg l-1 -
xmiss: Beam Transmission, Chelsea/Seatech/Wetlab CStar % Transmittance % -
c0mS/cm: Conductivity mS cm-1 - - This variable was not present in the binned data provided to BODC.
c1mS/cm: Conductivity, 2 mS cm-1 - - This variable was not present in the binned data provided to BODC.
stLs6000: OBS, Seatech LS6000 - Backscatter arbitrary units -
v4: Voltage 4 - SUV6 volts -
v4: Voltage 5 - SUV6 volts -
v4: Voltage 6 - SUV6 volts -
- - Time decimal days This variable was only present in the binned data provided to BODC.
- - σt kg m-3 This variable was only present in the binned data provided to BODC.
- - N - This variable represents the number of cycles in each bin.

Field Calibrations

Calibrations for pressure, salinity and chlorophyll have been applied to the processed CTD data by the data originator. The calibration equation for dissolved oxygen was calculated by the data originator, but was applied during BODC processing. The chlorophyll calibration equation was calculated using water samples taken from the stainless steel frame CTD. Be aware that the same calibration equation was also applied to fluorometer readings from the titanium frame CTD, so these data should be regarded as uncalibrated.

Pressure

The pressure sensors on the two CTDs were calibrated for the offset associated with changes in atmospheric pressure. The offset was calculated for each cast by using the average depth recorded by the CTD for a period of 10 seconds prior to being lowered into the sea.

Salinity

Salinity calculated from the two temperature and conductivity sensors was calibrated against water bottle samples for both the stainless steel and titanium frame CTDs by the data originator. The bottle samples were analysed at the Southampton Oceanography Centre relative to standard seawater. The number of bottle samples taken for calibration purposes were limited because of a lack of bottle seals aboard the RRS James Clark Ross. This reduced the accuracy of the calibrated salinities, however the data originator believes that it is still adequate. Calibration of the two salinity measurements was calculated by the data originator as a simple mean offset between bottle and corresponding CTD salinities. The standard deviation of this mean offset provides the error in salinity measurements from the CTDs.

For the CTD mounted on the stainless steel frame:

Calibrated salinity (primary sensor) = (CTD (primary) salinity - 0.002) ± 0.004

Calibrated salinity (secondary sensor) = (CTD (secondary) salinity + 0.006) ± 0.005


For the CTD on the titanium frame (casts 125 - 133 inclusive and 159):

Calibrated salinity (primary sensor) = (CTD (primary) salinity - 0.004) ± 0.003

Calibrated salinity (secondary sensor) = (CTD (secondary) salinity - 0.003) ± 0.005

Chlorophyll

Initially, a calibration equation was calculated by conducting a laboratory fluorometric analysis, using filtered water samples taken from niskin bottles. This analysis was used to calculate the fluorometric calibration equations provided below. The relationship observed between chlorophyll concentration and CTD fluorescence was found to be significantly different at the shelf edge compared to sites located on the open shelf. Therefore, two separate calibration equations were calculated, one for stations at the shelf edge and one for stations away from the shelf edge.

Fluorometric calibration equations:

Calibrated chlorophyll concentration = 3.15 x CTD chl concentration (mg m-3) - away from shelf edge. R2 = 0.82, n =367, p <0.001.

Calibrated chlorophyll concentration = 1.24 x CTD chl conc. (mg m-3) - stations at shelf edge, CTD casts 002 - 030 and 170 - 172 inclusive. R2 = 0.65, n =78, p <0.001

The data originator then obtained chlorophyll concentrations using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis and the results were compared with the fluorometric analysis. This found a relationship of HPLC derived chl = 0.77 x fluorometric analysis derived chl (R2 = 0.90 p <0.001). The initial calibration equations were then revised using this offset, to provide chlorophyll calibrations compatible with the HPLC analysis. The revised and final calibration equations are provided below:

Revised calibration equations:

Calibrated chlorophyll concentration = 2.43 x CTD chl concentration (mg m-3) - away from shelf edge.

Calibrated chlorophyll concentration = 0.95 x CTD chl conc. (mg m-3) - stations at shelf edge, CTD casts 002 - 030 and 170 - 172 inclusive.

The revised calibration equations were then applied to the raw CTD fluorometer data by the data originator. Chlorophyll samples for calibration were only taken using the CTD mounted on the stainless steel frame. However, the same calibration has been applied to raw CTD fluorometer data taken using both CTD units. Therefore, the chlorophyll data for casts performed using the CTD mounted on the titanium frame should be regarded as uncalibrated.

Dissolved oxygen

The calibration equation for dissolved oxygen was calculated using water samples taken during CTD casts 34, 46, 124, 139, 145, and 171. The originator performed a linear regression, comparing CTD dissolved oxygen against bottle dissolved oxygen. The calibration was derived from the regression as follows, based on 106 observations:

Calibrated dissolved oxygen = 1.112 x CTD dissolved oxygen + 0.072 ± 0.08 mg l-1 (R2 = 0.975)

This calibration equation was then applied to the uncalibrated data by BODC. According to the data originator replicated bottle samples showed errors less than 0.5%, so the error in CTD dissolved oxygen measurements was dominated by sensor error. The calibration was stable, showing very little drift during the cruise (Bottle/CTD dissolved oxygen = -0.00015 x sample number + 1.13188). R2 = 0.155

Processing of JR98 CTD data by BODC

BODC received 0.5 m binned downcast and upcast files for 170 CTD casts from the data originator (see Originator's Data Processing for JR98 CTD casts for further information). Following standard BODC procedure, the downcast files were chosen for processing and reformatted to BODC internal format using transfer function 479. The table below shows how the variables within the processed data files were mapped to appropriate BODC parameter codes.

Variables common to all casts

Originator's variable Units Description BODC parameter code Units Comments
Depth m Depth below surface of the water body ADEPZZ01 m Supplied as negative values. Converted by *-1 during transfer.
Temperature (primary) °C Temperature (ITS-90) of the water body by CTD or STD TEMPS901 °C -
Temperature (secondary) °C Temperature (ITS-90) of the water body by CTD or STD TEMPS902 °C Dropped by BODC in favour of TEMPS901 after visual inspection
Salinity (primary) PSU Practical salinity of the water body by CTD and computation using UNESCO 1983 algorithm and calibration against independent measurements PSALCC01 PSS78 -
Salinity (secondary) PSU Practical salinity of the water body by CTD and computation using UNESCO 1983 algorithm and calibration against independent measurements PSALCC02 PSS78 Dropped by BODC in favour of PSALCC01 after visual inspection
σt kg m-3 - - - This variable was not transferred. BODC derived sigma theta during transfer
Transmittance % Transmittance (red light wavelength) per 25 cm of the water body by 25 cm path length red light transmissometer POPTDR01 % -
Chlorophyll mg m-3 Concentration of chlorophyll-a {chl-a} per unit volume of the water body [particulate phase] by in-situ chlorophyll fluorometer and calibration against sample data CPHLPS01 mg m-3 -
Oxygen saturation % - - - This variable was not transferred. BODC derived oxygen saturation during transfer
- - Sigma-theta of the water body by CTD and computation from salinity and potential temperature using UNESCO algorithm SIGTPR01 kg m-3 Derived by BODC from TEMPS901 and PSALCC01 following Fofonoff and Millard (1982)
- - Sigma-theta of the water body by CTD and computation from salinity and potential temperature using UNESCO algorithm SIGTPR02 kg m-3 Derived by BODC from TEMPS902 and PSALCC02 following Fofonoff and Millard (1982).
Dropped by BODC in favour of SIGTPR01 after visual inspection
- - Potential temperature of the water body by computation using UNESCO 1983 algorithm POTMCV01 °C Derived from TEMPS901 following Fofonoff and Millard (1982)
- - Potential temperature of the water body by computation using UNESCO 1983 algorithm POTMCV02 °C Derived from TEMPS902 following Fofonoff and Millard (1982).
Dropped by BODC in favour of POTMCV01 after visual inspection

Additional variables only related to casts 1-30

Originator's variable Units Description BODC parameter code Units Comments
Backscatter arbitrary units Volume scattering of light (unspecified wavelengths) by the water body VSCTXXXX % -

The Sea-tech LS6000 optical backscatter sensor was replaced on cast 31 by an SUV-6 nitrate spectrophotometer. The SUV-6 nitrate spectrophotometer data provided were recorded in volts. No manufacturer calibration was supplied for this instrument and therefore the data have not been transferred. The raw data are available on request.

Additional variables common to all casts except 125-133 and 159

Originator's variable Units Description BODC parameter code Units Comments
Dissolved Oxygen mg l-1 Concentration of oxygen {O2} per unit volume of the water body [dissolved phase] by Sea-Bird SBE 43 sensor and calibration against sample data DOXYSC01 µmol l-1 Calibrated oxygen generated by BODC from instrument oxygen using information supplied by the data originator. Converted from mg l-1 to µmol l-1during transfer by application of conversion factor: mg l-1 x 31.252
- - Saturation of oxygen {O2} in the water body [dissolved phase] by Sea-Bird SBE 43 sensor, calibration against sample data and computation from concentration using Benson and Krause algorithm OXYSSC01 % Derived by BODC from DOXYSU01, TEMPS901 and PSALCC01 following Benson and Krause (1984)

Additional variables common to casts 125-133 and 159

Casts 125-133 and 159 were performed using a titanium frame CTD using a different set of sensors. The calibration equation calculated for dissolved oxygen was calculated using samples collected using the stainless-steel frame CTD and therefore is not applicable to these casts.

Originator's variable Units Description BODC parameter code Units Comments
Dissolved Oxygen mg l-1 Concentration of oxygen {O2} per unit volume of the water body [dissolved phase] by Sea-Bird SBE 43 sensor and no calibration against sample data DOXYSU01 µmol l-1 These data are uncalibrated
- - Saturation of oxygen {O2} in the water body [dissolved phase] by Sea-Bird SBE 43 sensor and computation from concentration using Benson and Krause algorithm OXYSSU01 % Derived by BODC from DOXYSU01, TEMPS901 and PSALCC01 following Benson and Krause (1984)

The reformatted data were visualised using the in-house EDSERPLO software. Suspect data were identified by visual inspection and by examination of the pattern of data values in the raw data used in generating each bin. Anomalous data points were marked by adding an appropriate quality control flag, missing data by both setting the data to an appropriate value and setting the relevant quality control flag.

BODC performed a visual comparison of the primary and secondary channels and no clear difference was found between them. The secondary channels were therefore dropped from the data files, in keeping with BODC protocols.

References

Benson B.B. and Krause D. jnr. 1984. The concentration and isotopic fractionation of oxygen dissolved in fresh water and seawater in equilibrium with the atmosphere. Limnol. Oceanogr. 29, pp.620-632.

Fofonoff N.P. and Millard R.C. 1982. Algorithms for computation of fundamental properties of seawater. UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science. 44.

General Data Screening carried out by BODC

BODC screen both the series header qualifying information and the parameter values in the data cycles themselves.

Header information is inspected for:

  • Irregularities such as unfeasible values
  • Inconsistencies between related information, for example:
    • Times for instrument deployment and for start/end of data series
    • Length of record and the number of data cycles/cycle interval
    • Parameters expected and the parameters actually present in the data cycles
  • Originator's comments on meter/mooring performance and data quality

Documents are written by BODC highlighting irregularities which cannot be resolved.

Data cycles are inspected using time or depth series plots of all parameters. Currents are additionally inspected using vector scatter plots and time series plots of North and East velocity components. These presentations undergo intrinsic and extrinsic screening to detect infeasible values within the data cycles themselves and inconsistencies as seen when comparing characteristics of adjacent data sets displaced with respect to depth, position or time. Values suspected of being of non-oceanographic origin may be tagged with the BODC flag denoting suspect value; the data values will not be altered.

The following types of irregularity, each relying on visual detection in the plot, are amongst those which may be flagged as suspect:

  • Spurious data at the start or end of the record.
  • Obvious spikes occurring in periods free from meteorological disturbance.
  • A sequence of constant values in consecutive data cycles.

If a large percentage of the data is affected by irregularities then a Problem Report will be written rather than flagging the individual suspect values. Problem Reports are also used to highlight irregularities seen in the graphical data presentations.

Inconsistencies between the characteristics of the data set and those of its neighbours are sought and, where necessary, documented. This covers inconsistencies such as the following:

  • Maximum and minimum values of parameters (spikes excluded).
  • The occurrence of meteorological events.

This intrinsic and extrinsic screening of the parameter values seeks to confirm the qualifying information and the source laboratory's comments on the series. In screening and collating information, every care is taken to ensure that errors of BODC making are not introduced.


Project Information

Physical-Biological Control of New Production within the Seasonal Thermocline

This project was a NERC responsive-mode project which was co-funded by the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory and ran from 2003 to 2006. The key institutes and scientists involved were:

Institute Scientific personnel
Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory (POL) Jonathan Sharples
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton (NOCS) Patrick Holligan
Mark Moore
University of Wales, Bangor (UWB) John Simpson
Tom Rippeth

Research Aim

The main aim of this research was to investigate the generation and dissipation of turbulence in the thermocline, and to quantify how the resulting mixing (supplying nutrients and controlling the light experienced by the algae) affected the growth of phytoplankton within the sub-surface chlorophyll maximum (SCM).

Research Objectives

The objective of the research was to test the general hypothesis that, in seasonally-stratified shelf waters, temporal and spatial variability of the rate of 'new' production is determined by the degree of coupling between physical and biological processes within the seasonal thermocline. In particular it has been suggested that physiological adaptation by phytoplankton making up the subsurface chlorophyll maximum drives a biological pump for extracting nitrate from the bottom mixed layer that is sensitive to internal mixing and to external climatological factors.

Research Approach

The sampling and experimental strategy was based on established methods for obtaining compatible, high-resolution vertical profiles (alternate CTD and FLY) and sections (SeaSoar) of physical, chemical, and biological parameters, allowing quantification of vertical fluxes and primary production on tidal and internal wave time scales. The cruise schedule (with associated mooring deployments) for the project is below.

Cruise Schedule

Cruise ID Ship Sampling Region Cruise Dates Main measurements
JR98 RRS James Clark Ross St Georges Channel, Celtic Sea and shelf edge 25/07/03 - 14/08/03 CTD casts, SeaSoar transects (CTD, chlorophyll, fluorescence), FRRF, ship ADCP, primary productivity, nutrients, trace metals, phytoplankton uptake rates, algal photophysiology, oxygen concentration, particle size, optics, mooring deployments
PD32_03 RV Prince Madog Celtic Sea and shelf edge 27/07/03 - 13/08/03 5 x FLY 25 hour tidal cycle stations, particle size analysis, particle settling velocity, CTD casts, mooring deployments
CD173 RRS Charles Darwin Celtic Sea and shelf edge 15/07/05 - 06/08/05 CTD casts, chlorophyll, oxygen concentration, FLY profiles, SeaSoar tows (CTD, chlorophyll, FRRF), phytoplankton pigments, nutrients, primary productivity, phytoplankton uptake rates, FRRF profiles, optics, particle size analysis, mooring deployments
PD27_05 RV Prince Madog Celtic Sea and shelf edge 22/07/05 - 06/08/05 FLY profiles, mooring deployments

Moorings

Station ID Latitude Longitude Depth (m) Mooring Deployment date Recovery date Deployment vessel
CS3 51.471 -6.428 95 Seabed frame 300 kHz ADCP 01/08/03 11/08/03 RV Prince Madog
CS3 51.471 -6.428 95 Seabed frame 1200 kHz ADCP 01/08/03 11/08/03 RV Prince Madog
CS3 51.474 -6.437 95 Mid-water subsurface 300 kHz ADCP 01/08/03 11/08/03 RV Prince Madog
CS3 51.469 -6.437 95 Thermistor chain from 5 - 45 m depth 01/08/03 11/08/03 RV Prince Madog
ACW 51.266 -5.741 85 Seabed frame 300 kHz ADCP 06/08/03 08/08/03 RV Prince Madog
CS2 48.532 -9.463 200 Surface temperature toroid 28/07/03 12/08/03 RRS James Clark Ross
CS2 48.532 -9.463 200 Thermistor chain throughout water column 28/07/03 12/08/03 RRS James Clark Ross
CS2 48.532 -9.463 200 Sub-suface 600 kHz ADCP (90 m) 28/07/03 12/08/03 RRS James Clark Ross
CS2 48.532 -9.463 200 Aanderaa RCM7 current meter/CTD (12 mab)* 28/07/03 12/08/03 RRS James Clark Ross
CS2 48.532 -9.463 200 Seabed frame 150 kHz ADCP 28/07/03 12/08/03 RRS James Clark Ross
CS2 48.532 -9.463 200 Seabed frame 300 kHz ADCP 28/07/03 12/08/03 RRS James Clark Ross
U2 49.236 -6.166 121 Sub-suface 300 kHz ADCP (5 mab)* 15/07/05 03/08/05 RRS Charles Darwin
U2 49.233 -6.167 120 Thermistor chain throughout water column 19/07/05 Mooring lost RRS Charles Darwin
CS2 48.571 -9.509 200 Thermistor chain throughout water column 17/07/05 24/07/05 RRS Charles Darwin
CS2 48.573 -9.51 194 Sub-suface 300 kHz ADCP (100 m) 17/07/05 24/07/05 RRS Charles Darwin
CS2 48.572 -9.508 196 Seabed frame 300 kHz ADCP 17/07/05 24/07/05 RRS Charles Darwin
CS2 48.571 -9.507 202 Seabed frame 150 kHz ADCP 17/07/05 24/07/05 RRS Charles Darwin
Bank 1 49.938 -7.792 118 Thermistor chain throughout water column 26/07/05 Mooring lost RRS Charles Darwin
Bank 1 49.936 -7.792 118 Seabed frame 300 kHz ADCP 27/07/05 Recovered by trawler 29/07/05 RRS Charles Darwin
Bank 2 49.895 -7.872 114 Thermistor chain throughout water column 20/07/05 04/08/05 RRS Charles Darwin
Bank 2 49.876 -7.897 112 Sub-surface 600 kHz ADCP (56 m) 26/07/05 04/08/05 RRS Charles Darwin
Bank 2 49.894 -7.873 110 Seabed frame 300 kHz ADCP 26/07/05 04/08/05 RRS Charles Darwin
Bank 3 49.851 -7.952 78 Thermistor chain throughout water column 26/07/05 03/08/05 RV Prince Madog
Bank 3 49.854 -7.948 78 Seabed frame 300 kHz ADCP 26/07/05 Mooring lost RV Prince Madog

* = metres above seabed

Project Outcomes

The main products of the research were:

  • The first large scale interdisciplinary study of the dynamic processes that determine the properties of the SCM in NW European shelf waters.
  • Substantive advances in quantifying internal mixing in NW European shelf seas, and in understanding how primary production is controlled by this small-scale turbulence.
  • New parameterisations for internal vertical mixing, and the response of primary production, for use in coupled numerical models.
  • Improved capability for estimating primary productivity in stratified waters by satellite remote sensing (ocean colour, sea surface temperature, wind mixing etc.)
  • An overall development of our understanding of the dynamics of ecosystems that support important fisheries, and of our abilities in predicting ecological and biogeochemical responses to variations and changes in the climate of the marine environment.

Data Activity or Cruise Information

Cruise

Cruise Name JR20030725 (JR98)
Departure Date 2003-07-25
Arrival Date 2003-08-13
Principal Scientist(s)Jonathan Sharples (Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory)
Ship RRS James Clark Ross

Complete Cruise Metadata Report is available here


Fixed Station Information

Fixed Station Information

Station NameCS2
CategoryOffshore area
Latitude48° 33.23' N
Longitude9° 29.17' W
Water depth below MSL200.0 m

Physical-Biological Control of New Production within the Seasonal Thermocline: Fixed Station CS2

This station is positioned close to the edge of the north-west European shelf edge (see figure below). It was first visited by the RRS James Clark Ross (JR98) in 2003 and then by the RRS Charles Darwin (CD173) in 2005. This station was then re-visited in 2014 during the RRS Discovery cruise DY018, as part of work package I of the Shelf Seas Biogeochemistry project. The station has a mean water depth 201 m at the following co-ordinates:

Box Corner Latitude Longitude
North-west corner 48.5838° -9.5497°
South-east corner 48.4998° -9.4364°

The position of this station relative to the other sites visited during JR98, CD173 and DY018 can be seen from the figure below.

BODC image

The following table describes which sites were visited during which cruises

JB3 Bank 2 OB IS1b CS1 CS2 CS3 U2 Candyfloss/CCS Benthic A Benthic H Benthic I Benthic G East of Haig Fras Nymph Bank Celtic Deep East of Celtic Deep
JR98 - - - X X X X X - - - - - - - - -
CD173 X X X - - - - X - - - - - - - - -
DY018 - - - - - X - - X X X X X X X X X

The deployment and sampling history, to date, for this station is summarised below:

Sampling History

JR98 CD173 DY018
CTD casts 30 15 15
Free-fall light yo-yo profiles - 153 -
Profiling radiometer - 16 -
Zooplankton net hauls - - 32
Box cores - - 5
Marine snow catcher deployments - - 17
Stand Alone Pump Systems (SAPS) - - 2

Mooring deployments

Latitude Longitude Water depth (m) Moored instrument Deployment date Recovery date Deployment cruise Recovery cruise Comments
48.532° -9.463° 200 Surface temperature toroid 2003-07-28 2003-08-12 JR98 JR98 -
48.532° -9.463° 200 Thermistor chain throughout water column 2003-07-28 2003-08-12 JR98 JR98 -
48.532° -9.463° 200 Sub-surface 600 kHz ADCP 2003-07-28 2003-08-12 JR98 JR98 -
48.532° -9.463° 200 Aanderaa RCM7 current meter/CTD 2003-07-28 2003-08-12 JR98 JR98 -
48.532° -9.463° 200 Seabed frame 150 kHz ADCP 2003-07-28 2003-08-12 JR98 JR98 -
48.532° -9.463° 200 Seabed frame 300 kHz ADCP 2003-07-28 2003-08-12 JR98 JR98 -
48.571° -9.509° 200 Thermistor chain throughout water column 2005-07-17 2005-07-24 CD173 CD173 -
48.573° -9.51° 194 Sub-surface 300 kHz ADCP 2005-07-17 2005-07-24 CD173 CD173 -
48.572° -9.508° 196 Seabed frame 300 kHz ADCP 2005-07-17 2005-07-24 CD173 CD173 -
48.571° -9.507° 202 Seabed frame 150 kHz ADCP 2005-07-17 2005-07-24 CD173 CD173 -
- - 205 T-F chain 2014-11-17 09:03 UTC 2014-11-19 17:07 UTC DY018 DY018 -

Related Fixed Station activities are detailed in Appendix 1


BODC Quality Control Flags

The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:

Flag Description
Blank Unqualified
< Below detection limit
> In excess of quoted value
A Taxonomic flag for affinis (aff.)
B Beginning of CTD Down/Up Cast
C Taxonomic flag for confer (cf.)
D Thermometric depth
E End of CTD Down/Up Cast
G Non-taxonomic biological characteristic uncertainty
H Extrapolated value
I Taxonomic flag for single species (sp.)
K Improbable value - unknown quality control source
L Improbable value - originator's quality control
M Improbable value - BODC quality control
N Null value
O Improbable value - user quality control
P Trace/calm
Q Indeterminate
R Replacement value
S Estimated value
T Interpolated value
U Uncalibrated
W Control value
X Excessive difference

SeaDataNet Quality Control Flags

The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:

Flag Description
0 no quality control
1 good value
2 probably good value
3 probably bad value
4 bad value
5 changed value
6 value below detection
7 value in excess
8 interpolated value
9 missing value
A value phenomenon uncertain
B nominal value
Q value below limit of quantification

Appendix 1: CS2

Related series for this Fixed Station are presented in the table below. Further information can be found by following the appropriate links.

If you are interested in these series, please be aware we offer a multiple file download service. Should your credentials be insufficient for automatic download, the service also offers a referral to our Enquiries Officer who may be able to negotiate access.

Series IdentifierData CategoryStart date/timeStart positionCruise
1106504CTD or STD cast2003-07-27 21:58:0248.49983 N, 9.54967 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106528CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 02:56:5948.538 N, 9.46383 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106541CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 03:58:0248.538 N, 9.46417 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106553CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 05:20:5948.538 N, 9.46417 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106565CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 06:01:0048.538 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106577CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 06:58:0248.538 N, 9.46417 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106589CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 08:01:5848.538 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106590CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 09:17:0048.538 N, 9.46417 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106608CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 10:22:5748.538 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106621CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 11:15:0448.53783 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106633CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 12:28:5748.53783 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106645CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 13:37:0348.53783 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106657CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 14:06:0048.53783 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106669CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 15:00:0048.538 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106670CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 16:12:0048.538 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106682CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 17:00:5848.538 N, 9.46417 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106694CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 18:00:0048.53783 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106701CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 18:58:0248.53783 N, 9.46417 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106713CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 19:59:5748.53783 N, 9.46417 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106725CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 20:57:5948.53783 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106749CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 23:07:0048.538 N, 9.46383 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106750CTD or STD cast2003-07-29 23:56:5948.53783 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106762CTD or STD cast2003-07-30 00:58:0248.53783 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106774CTD or STD cast2003-07-30 01:57:0448.53783 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106786CTD or STD cast2003-07-30 02:56:5948.53833 N, 9.46317 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106798CTD or STD cast2003-07-30 03:59:0248.538 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1106805CTD or STD cast2003-07-30 05:09:0148.538 N, 9.464 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1108326CTD or STD cast2003-08-12 06:46:5748.52383 N, 9.45533 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
1108338CTD or STD cast2003-08-12 11:25:0048.52883 N, 9.47533 WRRS James Clark Ross JR20030725 (JR98)
737376CTD or STD cast2005-07-17 18:57:0048.575 N, 9.51433 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
737388CTD or STD cast2005-07-17 21:14:0048.57517 N, 9.515 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
737407CTD or STD cast2005-07-17 23:07:0048.57617 N, 9.51083 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
737419CTD or STD cast2005-07-18 00:58:0048.57533 N, 9.50133 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
737420CTD or STD cast2005-07-18 07:19:0048.568 N, 9.50233 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
1174790PAR radiance and irradiance2005-07-18 09:32:4748.532 N, 9.463 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
1174808PAR radiance and irradiance2005-07-18 09:39:4548.532 N, 9.463 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
737432CTD or STD cast2005-07-18 12:02:0048.56817 N, 9.5115 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
1174821PAR radiance and irradiance2005-07-18 14:02:4548.532 N, 9.463 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
1174833PAR radiance and irradiance2005-07-18 14:07:2248.532 N, 9.463 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
737444CTD or STD cast2005-07-18 16:22:0048.5705 N, 9.49217 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
737456CTD or STD cast2005-07-18 18:39:0048.56867 N, 9.48233 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
737616CTD or STD cast2005-07-23 03:00:0048.57167 N, 9.48967 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
737628CTD or STD cast2005-07-23 07:18:0048.57083 N, 9.48733 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
1174845PAR radiance and irradiance2005-07-23 09:10:3748.532 N, 9.463 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
1174857PAR radiance and irradiance2005-07-23 09:15:5148.532 N, 9.463 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
1174869PAR radiance and irradiance2005-07-23 09:22:3748.532 N, 9.463 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
737641CTD or STD cast2005-07-23 10:32:0048.5785 N, 9.50317 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
737653CTD or STD cast2005-07-23 15:25:0048.57733 N, 9.48133 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
1174870PAR radiance and irradiance2005-07-23 17:08:3248.532 N, 9.463 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
1174882PAR radiance and irradiance2005-07-23 18:40:3548.532 N, 9.463 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
737665CTD or STD cast2005-07-23 19:59:0048.57617 N, 9.48967 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
737677CTD or STD cast2005-07-23 23:07:0048.58083 N, 9.50617 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
737689CTD or STD cast2005-07-24 04:03:0048.5825 N, 9.512 WRRS Charles Darwin CD173
1371585CTD or STD cast2014-03-28 15:49:0048.57113 N, 9.5127 WRRS Discovery DY008
1336711Water sample data2014-03-28 15:55:0048.57113 N, 9.5127 WRRS Discovery DY008
2117548Water sample data2014-03-28 15:55:0048.57113 N, 9.5127 WRRS Discovery DY008
2119101Water sample data2014-03-28 15:55:0048.57113 N, 9.5127 WRRS Discovery DY008
1373057CTD or STD cast2014-08-07 06:04:0048.57 N, 9.51 WRRS Discovery DY026A
2127506Water sample data2014-08-07 06:20:0048.5699 N, 9.51027 WRRS Discovery DY026A
1373069CTD or STD cast2014-08-07 11:10:0048.57633 N, 9.51617 WRRS Discovery DY026A
2118146Water sample data2014-08-07 11:29:3048.57648 N, 9.5154 WRRS Discovery DY026A
2127518Water sample data2014-08-07 11:29:3048.57648 N, 9.5154 WRRS Discovery DY026A
1373070CTD or STD cast2014-08-07 15:00:0048.57167 N, 9.505 WRRS Discovery DY026A
2127531Water sample data2014-08-07 15:17:0048.5711 N, 9.5046 WRRS Discovery DY026A
1371849CTD or STD cast2014-11-14 13:15:0048.571 N, 9.50947 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2117689Water sample data2014-11-14 13:23:3048.57106 N, 9.50945 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749283Fluorescence or pigments2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749295Fluorescence or pigments2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749302Fluorescence or pigments2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749314Fluorescence or pigments2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749326Fluorescence or pigments2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749338Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749351Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749363Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749375Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749399Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749406Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749418Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749431Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749443Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749455Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749467Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749479Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749480Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749492Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749511Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749523Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749535Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749547Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749559Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749560Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749572Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749584Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749596Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:0048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1749387Hydrography time series at depth2014-11-17 10:00:3048.57086 N, 9.5097 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1371978CTD or STD cast2014-11-17 12:25:0048.57087 N, 9.50968 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2117690Water sample data2014-11-17 12:35:3048.57086 N, 9.50969 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2119832Water sample data2014-11-17 12:35:3048.57086 N, 9.50969 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2126804Water sample data2014-11-17 12:35:3048.57086 N, 9.50969 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2136614Water sample data2014-11-17 12:35:3048.57086 N, 9.50969 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1371991CTD or STD cast2014-11-17 15:42:0048.57087 N, 9.50968 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1372005CTD or STD cast2014-11-18 05:16:0048.57107 N, 9.51052 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2117708Water sample data2014-11-18 05:28:0048.57107 N, 9.51051 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2126816Water sample data2014-11-18 05:28:0048.57107 N, 9.51051 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2136626Water sample data2014-11-18 05:28:0048.57107 N, 9.51051 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1372017CTD or STD cast2014-11-18 08:10:0048.57127 N, 9.51102 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1372460CTD or STD cast2014-11-18 09:15:0048.57127 N, 9.51102 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2120058Water sample data2014-11-18 09:19:0048.57127 N, 9.51102 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2121479Water sample data2014-11-18 09:19:0048.57127 N, 9.51102 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2127033Water sample data2014-11-18 09:19:0048.57127 N, 9.51102 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1372029CTD or STD cast2014-11-18 10:02:0048.57127 N, 9.51102 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1372030CTD or STD cast2014-11-18 12:11:0048.57123 N, 9.51103 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2117721Water sample data2014-11-18 12:21:3048.57125 N, 9.51104 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2119844Water sample data2014-11-18 12:21:3048.57125 N, 9.51104 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2126828Water sample data2014-11-18 12:21:3048.57125 N, 9.51104 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2136638Water sample data2014-11-18 12:21:3048.57125 N, 9.51104 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1372472CTD or STD cast2014-11-19 10:02:0048.57112 N, 9.5095 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2120071Water sample data2014-11-19 10:06:0048.57113 N, 9.50949 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2121480Water sample data2014-11-19 10:06:0048.57113 N, 9.50949 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2127045Water sample data2014-11-19 10:06:0048.57113 N, 9.50949 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1372042CTD or STD cast2014-11-19 12:17:0048.57113 N, 9.50952 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2117733Water sample data2014-11-19 12:27:0048.57112 N, 9.50949 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2119856Water sample data2014-11-19 12:27:0048.57112 N, 9.50949 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2126841Water sample data2014-11-19 12:27:0048.57112 N, 9.50949 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2136651Water sample data2014-11-19 12:27:0048.57112 N, 9.50949 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1372054CTD or STD cast2014-11-19 13:58:0048.57112 N, 9.50953 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1372066CTD or STD cast2014-11-20 02:11:0048.57352 N, 9.50627 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2117745Water sample data2014-11-20 02:21:3048.57351 N, 9.50628 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2126853Water sample data2014-11-20 02:21:3048.57351 N, 9.50628 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2136663Water sample data2014-11-20 02:21:3048.57351 N, 9.50628 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1372238CTD or STD cast2014-11-24 13:17:0048.571 N, 9.50945 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1372251CTD or STD cast2014-11-24 14:09:0048.571 N, 9.50947 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
2119893Water sample data2014-11-24 14:12:3048.571 N, 9.50946 WRRS Discovery DY018 (GApr04)
1624461CTD or STD cast2015-03-24 05:51:0048.57065 N, 9.5093 WRRS Discovery DY021
2118091Water sample data2015-03-24 05:59:0048.57066 N, 9.5093 WRRS Discovery DY021
2127358Water sample data2015-03-24 05:59:0048.57066 N, 9.5093 WRRS Discovery DY021
1626271CTD or STD cast2015-04-09 02:07:0048.57113 N, 9.51593 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
1626283CTD or STD cast2015-04-09 07:07:0048.57117 N, 9.50992 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
1626258CTD or STD cast2015-04-09 18:06:0048.5742 N, 9.50827 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
2136780Water sample data2015-04-10 02:23:0048.57114 N, 9.50994 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
2118299Water sample data2015-04-10 07:25:0048.57116 N, 9.5099 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
1626523CTD or STD cast2015-04-17 07:09:0048.57188 N, 9.51053 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
2118411Water sample data2015-04-17 07:14:3048.57057 N, 9.51103 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
2136903Water sample data2015-04-17 07:14:3048.57057 N, 9.51103 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
2118472Water sample data2015-04-24 02:23:3048.57129 N, 9.50945 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
2136940Water sample data2015-04-24 02:23:3048.57129 N, 9.50945 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
1626812CTD or STD cast2015-04-24 02:41:0048.57132 N, 9.50962 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
1627378CTD or STD cast2015-04-24 05:43:0048.52172 N, 9.45178 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
1626824CTD or STD cast2015-04-24 09:04:0048.60553 N, 9.44478 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
2118484Water sample data2015-04-24 13:35:3048.5697 N, 9.50944 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
2136952Water sample data2015-04-24 13:35:3048.5697 N, 9.50944 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
1626836CTD or STD cast2015-04-24 13:49:0048.56968 N, 9.50942 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
1626848CTD or STD cast2015-04-24 15:45:0048.5666 N, 9.50927 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
1627391CTD or STD cast2015-04-24 16:27:0048.56667 N, 9.50933 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
1626861CTD or STD cast2015-04-24 17:25:0048.56647 N, 9.50928 WRRS Discovery DY029 (GApr04)
1624983CTD or STD cast2015-05-22 14:55:0048.57023 N, 9.5104 WRRS Discovery DY030
2132545Water sample data2015-05-22 15:11:0048.57023 N, 9.51038 WRRS Discovery DY030
2137838Water sample data2015-05-22 15:11:0048.57023 N, 9.51038 WRRS Discovery DY030
1624645CTD or STD cast2015-05-22 16:13:0048.57023 N, 9.5104 WRRS Discovery DY030
2123413Water sample data2015-05-22 16:26:3048.57023 N, 9.51039 WRRS Discovery DY030
1625199CTD or STD cast2015-07-19 01:15:0048.57085 N, 9.5098 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2118693Water sample data2015-07-19 01:21:3048.57086 N, 9.5099 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2120279Water sample data2015-07-19 01:21:3048.57086 N, 9.5099 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2123566Water sample data2015-07-19 01:21:3048.57086 N, 9.5099 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2137931Water sample data2015-07-19 01:21:3048.57086 N, 9.5099 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
1625206CTD or STD cast2015-07-19 11:05:0048.57113 N, 9.50987 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2123578Water sample data2015-07-19 11:17:0048.57115 N, 9.50986 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2137943Water sample data2015-07-19 11:17:0048.57115 N, 9.50986 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
1625218CTD or STD cast2015-07-19 15:50:0048.57122 N, 9.50985 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
1625231CTD or STD cast2015-07-20 02:12:0048.57083 N, 9.50967 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2118700Water sample data2015-07-20 02:24:0048.57092 N, 9.50971 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2123591Water sample data2015-07-20 02:24:0048.57092 N, 9.50971 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2137955Water sample data2015-07-20 02:24:0048.57092 N, 9.50971 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
1625685CTD or STD cast2015-07-20 03:29:0048.57083 N, 9.50967 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2120440Water sample data2015-07-20 03:39:0048.57093 N, 9.50975 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2123947Water sample data2015-07-20 03:39:0048.57093 N, 9.50975 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
1625243CTD or STD cast2015-07-20 05:18:0048.57083 N, 9.50967 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
1625255CTD or STD cast2015-07-20 10:04:0048.5711 N, 9.5093 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2120280Water sample data2015-07-20 11:15:0048.5711 N, 9.50929 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2123609Water sample data2015-07-20 11:15:0048.5711 N, 9.50929 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2137967Water sample data2015-07-20 11:15:0048.5711 N, 9.50929 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
1625267CTD or STD cast2015-07-20 15:26:0048.57107 N, 9.50897 WRRS Discovery DY033 (GApr04)
2119752Water sample data2015-08-31 08:42:3048.57077 N, 9.50961 WRRS Discovery DY034
2122317Water sample data2015-08-31 10:10:0048.57082 N, 9.51127 WRRS Discovery DY034